Kulo UMGUDLU Wiki Ndifumene inqaku eliluncedo kakhulu elichaza intsingiselo yeqela ngalinye kunye nomsebenzisi kwinkqubo yoku Debian (y GNU / Linux nje).
Ukunceda abasebenzisi abatsha baqonde oku kancinci, amaqela avumela (phakathi kwezinye izinto) ukuba abasebenzisi ababhalisiweyo kwinkqubo bangenza imisebenzi ethile ngokomsebenzi weqela. Ndiza kucacisa oku kwelinye inqaku 😀
Sinokuzibona zibekwe ngamaqela kule theyibhile ilandelayo:
| Iqela | Umsebenzi / Uqwalaselo |
|---|---|
| Ingcambu | Superuser: ukufikelela ngokupheleleyo kwinkqubo. Ngokuqhelekileyo umsebenzisi kuphela root kufuneka ube ngoweli qela. |
| ADM | Imisebenzi yenkqubo yokubeka iliso. Ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise xconsole kwaye ufunde iifayile /var/log ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imiyalelo su o sudo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubalawuli. Igama leqela livela /var/log ekuqaleni kwaba /usr/adm kwaye kamva /var/adm |
| odiyo | Ivumela ukufikelela kwizixhobo zesandi. |
| backup | Vumela ii-backups kunye nokubuyisela ngaphandle kokunika iimvume zengcambu yomsebenzisi. |
| mna | Nikeza ngokuhambelana nezicelo eziphelelwe lixesha. Usetyenziso olutsha akufuneki lusebenzise eli qela. |
| CD CD | Ivumela ukufikelela kwi-optical drive. |
| daemon | Iinkonzo ezifuna ukubhalela kwidisk. Ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko, kungcono ukuba inkonzo nganye ibe neqela layo. |
| unxibelelwano | Ukufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kumazibuko e-serial. Amalungu eli qela angayiqwalasela kwakhona imodem, ukucofa naphi na, njl. |
| idiphu | Ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise izixhobo ezifana pppd, pon y poff ukwenza imidibaniso kwezinye iindlela, usebenzisa iifayile zoqwalaselo ezichazwe kwangaphambili kulawulo /etc/ppp/peers. Igama leqela lithetha "Dialup IP". |
| disk | Ukufikelela directo kwiidiski. Ilingana ngokoqobo nofikelelo onalo root malunga neediski. Umsebenzisi akufuneki abe ngoweli qela, okanye angenza into engafanelekanga njengayo cat /dev/zero > /dev/sda. |
| fax | Ikuvumela ukuba uthumele okanye ufumane iifeksi. |
| ifloppy | Ivumela ukufikelela kwifloppy drive. |
| imidlalo | Isetyenziswa yeminye imidlalo ukugcina amanqaku. |
| gdm | Isetyenziswa yi-GDM (uMphathi wokuBonisa weGnome). |
| Iingcongconi | Isetyenziswa ngu gnats. |
| ihaldaemon | Isetyenziswa ngumaleko wokutsalwa kwehardware. |
| ukumisa | Ikuvumela ukuba ungene ukuvala inkqubo. |
| irc | Isetyenziswa ziinkonzo I-IRC. (Umsebenzisi omileyo uyafuneka ngenxa yempazamo ircd) |
| klog | Isetyenziswa ngu klogd, ushicilelo lwekernel. |
| kmm | Kwiinkqubo ezifuna ufikelelo lokufunda ngokuthe ngqo kwimemori yesixokelelwano. Eli qela liyakwazi ukufunda /dev/kmem kunye nezinye iifayile ezifanayo. Yinto eyintsalela ye-BSD. |
| uluhlu | Kulawulo loluhlu lokuposa. Ezinye iinkqubo zolu hlobo zikwasebenzisa umsebenzisi onegama elifanayo. |
| lp | Ukufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kwizibuko elihambelanayo. Ngokwesiko eli qela lisetyenziswa ziinkonzo zoshicilelo. |
| lpadmin | Ikuvumela ukuba udibanise, uguqule kwaye ususe abashicileli kwi-foomatic, iikomityi kwaye mhlawumbi nabanye oovimba bedatha bomshicileli. |
| Ngeposi | Ukubhala ngaphakathi /var/mail. Isetyenziswa zii-MTAs kunye nee-MUAs. |
| ubukhosi | Ngokwembali yayisetyenziswa nguMajordomo. Ayifaki kwiinkqubo ezintsha. |
| Ndoda | Ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziswa yiprogram man ukubhala ngaphakathi /var/cache/man. |
| ibhasi yemiyalezo | Isetyenziswa yinkonzo yedbus (dbus-daemon-l) |
| iindaba | Ukubhala kwiifolda zeendaba. Isetyenziswa ziinkonzo zeendaba kunye nezinye iinkqubo (nntp protocol). |
| akukho qela | Isetyenziswa ziinkonzo ezingafuni ubunini bazo naziphi na iifayile. Ngokuqhelekileyo kudityaniswe nomsebenzisi nobody. |
| umqhubi | Ikhona kuphela ngezizathu zembali yokwazisa abasebenzi abangenileyo. Ukwandisa amalungelo kukhethwa ukusebenzisa i-sudo utility. |
| Iplagi | Ivumela ukufikelela kwizixhobo ezisusekayo nokuba azimiselwanga /etc/fstab. Iluncedo kubasebenzisi basekhaya abafuna ukufaka izinti ze-USB, njl. Isetyenziswa yinkqubo ye-pmount (ehlala inyusa izixhobo ezisusekayo ngokhetho nodev y nosuid). |
| ngeposi | Isetyenziswa yi-MTA Postfix. |
| postgres | Ulawulo lwedatha yePosgreSQL. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa kuphela ngumsebenzisi postgres |
| ummeli | Ngeenkonzo (ezidla ngokuba ziinkonzo zommeli) ezingenazo ii-ID zabasebenzisi ezizinikeleyo kwaye kufuneka zibe ngabanini beefayile. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa ngu squid y pdnsd. |
| Philisa | Yongezwe ngu sane-utils. Kubonakala ngathi isetyenziswa kancinci. |
| sasl | Ivumela ukubhala ku /etc/sasldb kunye / okanye /etc/sasldb2, ezisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekiswa nge-sasl. Idla ngokusetyenziselwa uqinisekiso lomncedisi IMAP, POP, kwaye SMTP. |
| isikeni | Ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise iiskena. |
| isithunzi | Ivumela ukufundwa kwe /etc/shadow. Isetyenziswa zezinye iinkqubo ezifuna ukufikelela kule fayile. |
| Cima | Ikuvumela ukuba ungene ukuvala inkqubo. |
| src | Umnini wekhowudi yemvelaphi, kuquka iifayile /usr/src. Ingasetyenziselwa ukunika umsebenzisi amandla okulawula ikhowudi yomthombo. |
| ssh | Ukuthintela uhlaselo lwe-ptrace. Isetyenziswa yi-ssh-arhente. |
| abaqeshwa | Ikuvumela ukuba usebenze /usr/local, /var/local y /home. Ngokwesiqhelo kubalawuli abathenjiweyo. |
| sudo | Amalungu eli qela akuyomfuneko ukuba afake amagama ayimfihlo xa esebenzisa sudo. Yabona /usr/share/doc/sudo/OPTIONS. |
| Ukuvumelanisa | Ikuvumela ukuba ungene ukulungelelanisa inkqubo. Idla ngokusetyenziswa lungqamaniso lomsebenzisi (ngeqokobhe /bin/sync) |
| sys | Nikela ngezizathu zokuhambelana. |
| syslog | Isetyenziswa ngu syslog, injongo yelog ngokubanzi. |
| tape | Ivumela ukufikelela kwi tape drive. |
| tty | Isetyenziswa ngu write y wall ukubhalela kwabanye abasebenzisi 'tty's. Izixhobo tty y /dev/vcs yeli qela. |
| uucp | Isetyenziswa yi-UUCP subsystem. |
| abasebenzisi | Ukwenza amaqela abasebenzisi abatsha. Jonga inqaku ekupheleni kweli nqaku. |
| utmp | Ikuvumela ukuba ubhale /var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog, kunye neefayile ezifanayo. Isetyenziswa zezinye ii-terminal emulators. |
| yokuzonwabisa | Ivumela ukufikelela kwizixhobo zevidiyo. |
| ilizwi | Ivoyisimeyili. Iluncedo kwiinkqubo ezisebenzisa iimodem njengoomatshini bokuphendula. |
| ivili | Ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise umyalelo su. Ikhubazwe ngokungagqibekanga (bona /etc/pam.d/su ngolwazi olungakumbi, kunye neCandelo 9.2.2 kwireferensi yeDebian). |
| www-data | Ukubhala idatha ngabancedisi bewebhu. Umsebenzisi www-data akufuneki ibe nguye umnini kumxholo wewebhu, okanye iseva esengozini ingavumela iwebhusayithi ukuba ibhalwe kwakhona. |
??? uxolo kodwa andifundanga
Ungandinika ikhonkco apho ndinokufunda khona malunga nezihloko zobuchwepheshe, nceda?
Ndingcono ukuhlaziya iposti kwaye ndichaze kancinci malunga nokuba kuqhubeka ntoni 😀
Enkosi ngolwazi, iluncedo kakhulu, sele ndiyiprinte kwaye ndiyibeke esandleni ukuze ibhekiselele.
Ndiqokelela isamente ukuze ndikwenzele ilitye lesikhumbuzo... enkosi.
Hay andazi noba lelesikhumbuzo na kodwa yenye yezinto ekudala ndizibuza yona leyo kwaye nangasiphi na isizathu andizange ndithathe ixesha lokufumana ulwazi oluluncedo kakhulu.
Enkosi uElav 😉
Ilungile, ilungele ukuprintwa.
Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo ndandiphambene ndifuna into enje.
Inqaku eligqwesileyo. Kunqabile ukuba ufunde enye enenkcazelo eluncedo ngolo hlobo. Enkosi kakhulu.
Molo, oku kungasentla kusenokuba yindoda.
Mholo. Ndiyila umsebenzisi omtsha kwaye kufuneka ndiyazi ukuba iindlela endizijongayo zichanekile: adm, cdrom, dip, games, lpadmin, nopasswdlogin, plugdev, sambashare.
Into endiyifunayo kukuba umsebenzisi angenza yonke into eyenziwa ngumlawuli kodwa ngaphandle kwe "sudo". Ngaphezu koko, ayinayo ne-password, oko kukuthi, ingena ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kokufaka igama eliyimfihlo.
Ndithathela ingqalelo ukuba ndiyaqala ukuyenza, ngaba kulungile oku okanye kukho into endiyitshintshayo?
Siyabonga kwangaphambili!