Isikhokelo esigqibeleleyo nesineenkcukacha (esinemizekelo) kwiDD

Ndikushiya inqaku elilula kakhulu ukuba Ndizifumene Ukusefa umnatha, isibonisa ngemizekelo emininzi kwaye ngokweenkcukacha ukuba yintoni kwaye yintoni enokufezekiswa ngomyalelo DD.

Ndikushiya uguqulelo olupheleleyo lwe nqaku:

1. Kutheni dd?:

Sikhethile dd njengowokuqala ukubambana kuthotho lwethu kuba sisixhobo esiluncedo esinokhetho oluninzi, njengoko uza kubona. Oku phantse kuyenza ibe yenye yeemfazwe zaseSwitzerland zomhlaba weLinux. Ewe, eli gama (iSwiss Army Knife) lisetyenziswa ngaphezu kokuba kufanelekile ngababhali beenqaku elijolise kwiLinux, ngenxa yoko asinakudlulisa ithuba lokuzisebenzisa.

2. Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi:

Phambi kokuba siqale sifuna ukukunika umbono ngokubanzi malunga nendlela esetyenziswa ngayo dd. Okokuqala, igama livela kwi-duplicator yedatha, kodwa ngokuhlekisayo kuthiwa lithetha ukutshabalalisa idiski okanye ukutshabalalisa idatha kuba sisixhobo esinamandla kakhulu. Ke sicebisa ukhathalelo olongezelelekileyo xa usebenzisa i-dd kuba umzuzu wokungakhathali unokukuhlawulela idatha yakho exabisekileyo. I-syntax ngokubanzi yomyalelo dd :

# dd ukuba = $ input_data ye = $ output_data [ukhetho]

input_data y iziphumo_edatha ingaba ziidiski, izahlulelo, iifayile, izixhobo? ikakhulu yonke into onokuthi ubhalele kuyo okanye ufunde kuyo. Njengoko uza kubona, ungasebenzisa i-dd kumxholo wenethiwekhi ukuthumela imijelo yedatha kwi-LAN yakho, umzekelo. Unokuba nenxalenye kuphela yegalelo lomyalelo wakho we-dd, okanye kuphela umyalelo wokuphuma, kwaye ungazisusa zombini iimeko ezithile. Zonke ezi zinto ziya kuqwalaselwa kolu luhlu lulandelayo.

3. Imizekelo:

dd ukuba = / dev / urandom ye = / dev / sda bs = 4k - »Gcwalisa idiski ngedatha engahleliwe

dd ukuba = / dev / sda ye = / dev / sdb bs = 4096 - » Ukuboniswa kwediski yediski

dd ukuba = / dev / zero ye = / dev / sda bs = 4k - » Coca i-hard drive (inokufuna iphindwe)

dd ukuba = ifayile yokufaka ye = / dev / st0 bs = 32k conv = ukuvumelanisa - » Khuphela kwifayile ukuya kwisixhobo seteyipu

dd ukuba = / dev / st0 = = iimpahla bs = 32k conv = ukuvumelanisa - » Eyokuqala, ibuyisiwe

dd ukuba = / dev / sda | hexdump -C | grep [^ 00] - » Jonga ukuba idiski inyaniwe

dd ukuba = / dev / urandom ye = / ikhaya / $ yomsebenzisi / enkulu ifayile bs = 4096 - » Zalisa isahlulelo (Lumkela izahlulelo zenkqubo!)

dd ukuba = / dev / urandom = myfile bs = 6703104 count = 1 - » Khowuda ifayile (mhlawumbi ngaphambi kokucima)

dd ukuba = / dev / sda3 ye = / dev / sdb3 bs = 4096 conv = notrunc, noerror - » Khuphela ukwahlula kwelinye isahlulelo

dd ukuba = / proc / inkqubo yeefayile | hexdump -C | Ngaphantsi - " Jonga iinkqubo zefayile ezikhoyo

dd ukuba = / proc / izahlulelo | hexdump -C | Ngaphantsi - " Jonga izahlulelo ezikhoyo kwi-kb

dd ukuba = / dev / sdb2 ibs = 4096 | gzip> isahlulelo.image.gz conv = noerror - » Yenza umfanekiso we-gzip wesahlulo sesibini sediski yesibini

dd bs = 10240 cbs = 80 conv = ascii, vulela ukuba = / dev / st0 ye = ascii.out - » Ikhuphela imixholo yeteyipu kwifayile, eguqula ukusuka kwi-EBCDIC ukuya kwi-ASCII

dd ukuba = / dev / st0 ibs = 1024 obs = 2048 ye = / dev / st1 - » Ukukopa isixhobo seBhlokhi ye-1KB kwisiXhobo seBhloko se-2KB

dd ukuba = / dev / zero ye = / dev / null bs = 100M count = 100
Iirekhodi ezili-100 + 0 kwi
Iirekhodi ezili-100 + 0 ziphumile
I-10485760000 byte (10GB) ikhutshiwe,

I-5.62955 s, 1.9 GB / s

Khuphela i-10 GB ye-zeros kumgqomo wokuphinda usetyenziswe.

dd ukuba = / dev / zero ye = / dev / sda bs = 512 count = 2
fdisk -s / dev / sda
dd ukuba = / dev / zero ye = / dev / sda funa = (inombolo_of_sectors - 20) bs = 1k

Cima i-GPT kwidiski. Indlela i-GPT ebhala ngayo idatha ekuqaleni
Kwaye ekupheleni kwediski, emva kokucima kwasekuqaleni, kuya kufuneka sifumane inani lamacandelo (umthetho wesibini), emva koko sicime amacandelo angama-20 okugqibela.

dd ukuba = / ekhaya / $ umsebenzisi / bootimage.img ye = / dev / sdc - » Yenza i-disk ye-UDB eqalekayo (eboniswe apha njenge / dev / sdc)

dd ukuba = / dev / sda ye = / dev / null bs = 1m - » Indlela elungileyo yokufumana iibhloko ezimbi. Ugcino kunye nenkqubo enxulumene

dd ukuba = / dev / sda ye = / dev / fd0 bs = 512 count = 1 - » Khuphela i-MBR kwi-floppy disk

dd ukuba = / dev / sda1 ye = / dev / sdb1 bs = 4096 - » Ukuboniswa kwediski yediski

dd ukuba = / dev / sr0 ye = / ekhaya / $ umsebenzisi / mycdimage.iso \ bs = 2048 conv = nosync - » Yenza umfanekiso weCD

mount -o loop /home/$user/mycdimage.iso / mnt / cdimages / - » Nyusa umfanekiso okhankanyiweyo ekuhlaleni

dd ukuba = / dev / sda ye = / dev / sdb bs = 64k conv = ukuvumelanisa - » Iluncedo xa ususa idiski ubungakanani obulinganayo.

dd ukuba = / dev / sda2 ye = / ekhaya / $ yomsebenzisi / hddimage1.img bs = 1M count = 4430
dd ukuba = / dev / sda2 ye = / ekhaya / $ yomsebenzisi / hddimage2.img bs = 1M count = 8860
[...]

Yenza imifanekiso yeDVD yokwahlulahlula (iluncedo ekwenzeni i-backups)

dd ukuba = / $ indawo / hddimage1.img ye = / dev / sda2 bs = 1M
dd ukuba = / $ indawo / hddimage2.img ye = / dev / sda2 ifuna = 4430 bs = 1M
dd ukuba = / $ indawo / hddimage3.img ye = / dev / sda2 ifuna = 8860 bs = 1M
[njl.]

Buyisela kugcino lwangaphambili

dd ukuba = / dev / zero count = 1 bs = 1024 funa = 1 ye = / dev / sda6 - » Ukutshabalalisa i-superblock

dd ukuba = / dev / zero count = 1 bs = 4096 funa = 0 ye = / dev / sda5 - » Enye indlela yokutshabalalisa i-superblock

dd ukuba = / ikhaya / $ umsebenzisi / usola.doc | clamscan - » Ukujonga ifayile ukuba inentsholongwane (ifuna iClamAV)

dd ukuba = / ikhaya / $ umsebenzisi / ifayile yokubini | hexdump -C | Ngaphantsi - " Jonga imixholo yefayile yokubini (ifuna i-hexdump)

dd ukuba = / ikhaya / $ umsebenzisi / ifayile enkulu ye = / dev / null
dd ukuba = / dev / zero ye = / ekhaya / yomsebenzisi $ / enkulu kwifayile bs = 1024 count = 1000000

Ibhentshi uphawu lwe-hard drive yokufunda / ukubhala isantya

dd ukuba = / dev / sda ye = / dev / sda - » Nika ubomi obutsha kwiimoto ezindala ezingakhange zisetyenziswe okwethutyana

dd ukuba = / dev / mem | imitya | grep 'umtya_ukukhangela' - » Vavanya umxholo wenkumbulo (umntu uyafundeka, oko kukuthi)

dd ukuba = / dev / fd0 ye = / ekhaya / $ umsebenzisi / floppy.image bs = 2x80x18b conv = notrunc - » Khuphela idiski yediski

dd ukuba = / proc / kcore | hexdump -C | Ngaphantsi - »Ibonisa imemori ebonakalayo

dd ukuba = / proc / inkqubo yeefayile | hexdump -C | Ngaphantsi - " Jonga iinkqubo zefayile ezikhoyo

dd ukuba = / proc / kallsyms | hexdump -C | Ngaphantsi - " Bonisa iimodyuli ezilayishiwe

dd ukuba = / proc / ukuphazamisa | hexdump -C | Ngaphantsi - " Ibonisa itafile yokuphazamisa

dd ukuba = / proc / ixesha lokuphumla | hexdump -C | Ngaphantsi - " Ubonisa ixesha lokuphumla ngemizuzwana

dd ukuba = / proc / izahlulelo | hexdump -C | Ngaphantsi - " Jonga izahlulelo ezikhoyo kwi-kb

dd ukuba = / proc / meminfo | hexdump -C | Ngaphantsi - " Ibonisa imeko yememori

dd ukuba = / dev / urandom ye = / ikhaya / $ umsebenzisi / myrandom bs = 100 count = 1 - » Yenza ifayile ye-1kb ye-gibberish engahleliwe

dd ukuba = / dev / mem ye = / ekhaya / $ yomsebenzisi / mem.bin bs = 1024 - » Yenza umfanekiso wemeko yangoku yememori yenkqubo

dd ukuba = / ikhaya / $ umsebenzisi / ifayile yam - » Phrinta ifayile ukuze ubambe

dd ukuba = / dev / sda2 bs = 16065 | hexdump -C | grep 'okubhaliweyo_kukukhangela' - » Jonga umtya kwisahlulelo esipheleleyo; Nokuba ikhuselekile, ungaqala i-liveCD

dd ukuba = / ikhaya / $ umsebenzisi / ifayile.bin yeqa = 64k bs = 1 ye = / ekhaya / $ yomsebenzisi / convfile.bin - » Khuphela ifayile.bin kwi-conffile.bin utsibe i-64 kb yokuqala

dd ukuba = / ekhaya / $ umsebenzisi / bootimage.img ye = / dev / sdc - » Yenza i-disk ye-UDB eqalekayo (eboniswe apha njenge / dev / sdc)

dd ukuba = / dev / mem bs = 1k skip = 768 count = 256 2> / dev / null | imitya -n 8 - » Funda i-BIOS.

dd bs = 1k ukuba = umfanekiso wefayile.nrg = umfanekiso wefayile.iso skip = 300k - » Guqula umfanekiso weNero ube ngumfanekiso oqhelekileyo we-ISO.
Oku kunokwenzeka kuba umahluko kuphela phakathi kwezi zimbini yi-300 kB yentloko ethi uNero yongeza kumfanekiso oqhelekileyo we-ISO.

echo -n "molo umhlaba othe nkqo" | dd cbs = 1 conv = vulela 2> / dev / null - » Yizame, ikhuselekile. 🙂

dd ukuba = / dev / sda1 | gzip -c | Ukwahlula -b 2000m - \ /mnt/hdc1/backup.img.gz - » Yenza umfanekiso we-gzip wokwahlulahlula usebenzisa ukwahlulahlula

ikati /mnt/hdc1/backup.img.gz.* | gzip -dc | dd ye = / dev / sda1 - » Buyisela ukhuphelo lwangaphambili

dd ukuba = / dev / zero = myimage bs = 1024 count = 10240 - » Yenza umfanekiso wediski ongenanto

dd ibs = 10 tsiba = 1 - » Yahlulahlula ii-byte zokuqala ze-stdin

dd bs = 265b conv = noerror if = / dev / st0 ye = / tmp / embi.tape.image - » Yenza umfanekiso wetape onamabala amabi

dd ukuba = / dev / sda count = 1 | i-hexdump -C - » Jonga i-MBR yakho

dd ukuba = / dev / sda | nc -l 10001 nc $ inkqubo_to_backup_IP 10001 | dd ye = sysbackupsda.img - » Ukugcinwa kwenethiwekhi okukhawulezayo usebenzisa i-netcat

dd ukuba = / dev / zero ye = / dev / sdX bs = 1024000 count = 1 - » Coca i-10MB yokuqala yesahlulelo

dd ukuba = / dev / zero ye = tmpswap bs = 1k
ubalo = 1000000
chmod 600 tmpswap
mtshintssi
tshintsha tmpswap

Yenza indawo yokutshintsha okwethutyana

dd ukuba = / dev / sda ye = / dev / null bs = 1024k count = 1024
I-1073741824 byte (1.1GB) ikhutshiwe,
24.1684 s, 44.4 MB / s

Ichonga isantya se-I / O sokulandelelana sediski yakho.

dd ukuba = / dev / ukubala okungahleliwe = 1 2> / dev / null | od -t u1 | \ awk '{shicilela $ 2}' | intloko -1 - » Yenza inani elingahleliwe

dd ukuba = / dev / mem ye = myRAM bs = 1024 - » Khuphela imemori ye-RAM kwifayile

dd ukuba = / dev / sda bs = 512 count = 1 | od -xa - » Jonga umxholo we-MBR yakho kwifomathi ye-hex kunye ne-ASCII

dd ukuba = / yam / endala / mbr ye = / dev / sda bs = 446 count = 1 - » Ibuyisela i-MBR ngaphandle kokutshintsha irekhodi yokwahlula itafile ephakathi kwama-447 - 511 byte

dd ukuba = / dev / sda1 | Ukwahlula -b 700m - sda1-umfanekiso - » Yenza ikopi yokwahlulahlula kunye nokugcina imifanekiso apho ubukhulu bevolthi ephezulu yi-700MB

ls -l | dd conv = ucase - » Guqula ukukhutshwa komyalelo ube ngunobumba omkhulu

bhekisa "KWISICATSHULWA SEXESHA LAM ELIPhezulu" | dd conv = lcase - » Guqula nawuphi na umbhalo ube ngamagama amancinci

dd ukuba = / njl / ukudlula cbs = 132 conv = ebcdic ye = / tmp / passwd.ebcdic - » Guqula inkqubo yokuvula ifayile kwifayile ye-EBCDIC ubude obude

dd ukuba = isicatshulwa.ascii ye = isicatshulwa.ebcdic conv = ebcdic - » Guqula ukusuka kwi-ASCII ukuya kwi-EBCDIC

dd = ifayile yam = ifayile yefayile conv = ucase - » Guqula ifayile ibe sisiqendu esikhulu (i-SED elula okanye ukubuyisela endaweni)

4. Isiphelo:

Le yinxalenye encinci nje yento dd enokuyenza kwaye siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku libabambe ngogquma kwimizekelo esetyenziswa kakhulu ngumsebenzisi oqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke, sicebisa ukuba ufunde amaxwebhu akho e-hard drive, ujonge izinto ezinje ngemida ye-LBA, kwaye unakekele ngakumbi xa usebenzisa i-dd kwisiphelo seengcambu. Ewe kunjalo, sele unazo ii-backups, kodwa ukhathalelo olongezelelekileyo luyakukugcina iiyure zomsebenzi ongafunekiyo.

Kwaye apho inqaku liphela.

Kwirekhodi, khange ndizame nayiphi na imiyalelo eboniswe kweli nqaku, ke ukuba umntu usebenzisa gwenxa (okanye ngokungachanekanga) le miyalelo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuba bonakalise into kwikhompyuter yabo andizokwazi ukukunceda.

Akukho nto, kancinci kancinci ndiza kuvavanya imiyalelo hehe, ukuba ndifumana into enomdla ndiyabelana ngayo.

Phendula nge quote