Lumka nengxelo yeCisco malunga nomthombo ovulekileyo h264.

Ukuchaneka kumazwi kaRowan Trollope (USekela Mongameli oMkhulu weCisco kunye noMlawuli Jikelele)

Xa kuziwa ekudaleni iteknoloji yentsebenziswano njengevidiyo evulekileyo nefumaneka ngokubanzi, kuyacaca ukuba isikhangeli sewebhu sidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Umbuzo ngulo, uyisebenzisa njani ividiyo ebukhoma ngokuvakalayo kwiwebhu? Ngumbuzo abantu abanomdla wokuwuphendula.

I-WebRTC-isuti yezixhasi kwi-HTML5-iya kuwuphendula loo mbuzo. Kodwa, kukho umqobo omkhulu ekufuneka koyisiwe, kwaye ke ukubekwa emgangathweni kwekhowudi yevidiyo eqhelekileyo kunxibelelwano lwexesha lokwenyani kwiWebhu- into eya kuthi ithathe isigqibo nge-Intanethi yoNjineli ye-Intanethi (IETF) kwiveki ezayo.

Umzi-mveliso wahlulwe kukhetho lwevidiyo eqhelekileyo okwexeshana, kuba umgangatho womzi mveliso - H.264 - ufuna iintlawulo zasebukhosini kwiMPEG LA. Namhlanje, ndonwabile ukwazisa ukuba iCisco ithatha inyathelo elinesibindi sokuthatha inkxalabo yokuhlawula etafileni.

Siceba ukuvula ikhowudi yethu ye-H.264, kwaye siyinike njengemodyuli ebambekayo enokukhutshelwa simahla kwi-intanethi. ICisco ayizukuhlawula iindleko zeMPEG LA zeelayisensi zale modyuli, kwaye isekwe kwimeko yangoku yokufumana ilayisensi, eya kuthi yenze ngempumelelo i-H.264 ukuba isetyenziswe kwiWebRTC.

Kuyandivuyisa oko IMozilla iyakwazisa ukuba iyakwenza ukuba iFirefox isebenzise le modyuli, enika inkxaso yexesha lokwenyani ye-H.264.

"Bekungekho lula, kodwa iMozilla incede ukuhambisa ushishino kwividiyo enokusebenzisana kwiwebhu, utshilo uBrendan Eich, iMozilla CTO. “Isibhengezo sikaCisco sisinceda ukuxhasa i-H.264 kwiFirefox kwiinkqubo ezininzi ezisebenzayo, nakumazantsi ezantsi nakweminye imithombo evulekileyo yemithombo kusetyenziswa imodyuli yeCisco H264. Siyavuya ukusebenza neCisco ukuqhubela phambili imeko yevidiyo yewebhu enokusebenzisana. ”

Kwaye kutheni ndisithi lumka? Phinda ufunde lo mhlathi ungqindilili. Ngelixa baya kukhupha ukuphunyezwa kwabo kwe-h264 (phantsi kwelayisensi BSD,) I-binary eyenziwe yi-cisco leyo izakusetyenziswa simahla ngumntu wonke, kwaye eza kusetyenziswa nguMozilla ukuxhasa iFirefox (basandula ukubhengeza ukuba bazakuyixhasa nge-gstreamer, ngoku yiCisco ebanika isandla). Iya kuba yiCisco eya kuthi ihlawule i-MPEG LA umrhumo okwangoku (kude kube ngo-2015) $ 6,5 yezigidi ngonyaka Ukusetyenziswa kwe-h264 (iMozilla ayicingi nokucinga ngokuhlawula, yiyo loo nto ixesha elide bengavumi ukunika inkxaso). Kodwa, ukuba kwenzeka kuwe ukufikelela kwikhowudi yemvelaphi, uyikhuphele, uyiguqule, uyiqokelele kwaye uyihambise (simahla okanye hayi), ithamsanqa kwimfumba ukuqokelela imali engaka ukuhlawula imirhumo (ngaphandle kokuba ilizwe lakho aliwamkeli amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza wesoftware, kwimeko leyo Viva la Pepa).

Ukuba kukho nabani na kuni ocinga malunga ne-x264, ndiyakuxelela ukuba nangona i-x264 isimahla, ayisiyonto ingako ukusukela ikwangumxholo ukuya kuma-patent angama-h264. Ngamanye amagama, umahluko phakathi kwe-x264 kunye nokuphunyezwa kweCisco ilayisensi (GPL vs BSD). Ke khumbula, yenye into yokwenza inkululeko yekhowudi kunye nenye into ayinamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza.

Kukho ezinye izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokunjalo. Okokuqala, eli linqanaba lokuqhubeka nokukhuphisana neVP8 kaGoogle (UGoogle akayithandanga intengiso). Okwesibini, i-h265 kunye ne-VP9 iikhowudi zeevidiyo ezichazayo ziya kuza kungekudala, kunye neMozilla ayizukutyeshela ezinye iikhowudi ezivulekileyo, kubandakanya Daala (i-codec abayenzayo kunye ne-Xiph, abadali befomathi ye-OGG kunye ne-Vorbis codecs, i-Theora kunye ne-Flac), ethembisa umgangatho ongcono kune-h265 kunye ne-VP9 kwaye ngaphandle kwamalungelo abenzi.

Ukugqiba ndiyakushiya Umboniso weMonty Montgomery (kwiXiph) oyithethayo yonke:

Ukulungiswa kwanamhlanje yipatch, kwaye ayitshintshi kangako ngasemva. Bangaphi abantu abangenazo iikhowudi zeH.264 koomatshini babo, ngokusemthethweni okanye akunjalo? Abathanda kunye neengcali ngokufanayo abayikhathaleli kangako ilayisensi. Nokuba uninzi lwamashishini namhlanje awazi okanye akakhathali ukuba ii-codecs abazisebenzisayo zinelayisensi efanelekileyo (ngokwe-MPEG LA, kukho iilayisensi ezili-1276 emhlabeni). Yonke imakethi ye-codec ibisebenza phantsi komgaqo othi 'Musa ukubuza, sukuxela' kule minyaka ili-15 idlulileyo kwaye ndiyathandabuza ukuba i-MPEG LA iyakhathala. Oko kuncede ukwenza i-H.264 ikuyo yonke indawo, kwaye i-MPEG LA inokuqhubeka nokunyanzela iilayisensi xa zikwinzuzo yabo yokhuphiswano (okanye mandithi, inzuzo yabo yokulwa nokhuphiswano; banelungelo lokuzimela ngokusemthethweni emva kwayo yonke loo nto. ).

Hayi, enye into. Apha ndikunika ulwazi malunga nelungelo elilodwa lomenzi weMPEG. Kungekudala ngokwaneleyo, ngo-2017 amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza aphelelwa lixesha, kwaye ngo-3 ezo zeMPEG-2018 (h2) kwaye ngo-262 kuphela ngezo ze-h2028.