Ukusetyenziswa kwesoftware yasimahla kuRhulumente, icandelo II

Inxalenye yesibini yolu hlalutyo lupheleleyo ekusetyenzisweni kwesoftware yasimahla kuRhulumente, kunye nezibonelelo zayo ngaphezulu kwesoftware ephetheyo. Abo bangakwaziyo ukufunda inxenye yokuqala, banokufikelela kuyo apha.

Isoftware kunye nokuSebenza koMsebenzi

Nje ukuba ikhompyuter yaziswa ngomsebenzi, iqala ukuba yinto ebalulekileyo. Oku ikakhulu kungenxa yokuba idatha egcinwe kwimithombo yeendaba yedijithali, ngokungafaniyo nerekhodwe ephepheni, ayinakho ukuyichaza xa ikhompyutha ingasebenzi. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba iindlela zobugcisa zokuqhubekeka kwedatha zifumaneke kumsebenzisi, ngapha koko akakwazi ukufeza umsebenzi wakhe.

"Inkqubo yengozi"

Akukho mntu wothusayo kukuphulukana neeyure zomsebenzi kuba kuye kwafuneka baqale inkqubo yabo, okanye ukuba idatha yabo iyanyamalala (kunye neyoogxa babo) ngenxa yesenzo sentsholongwane, okanye imigca ime kuba ikhompyuter ayiphenduli. Umsebenzisi urhoxile, kwaye wamkela ezi ngxaki njengenxalenye yexabiso lokuhlawulela ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho nanye kwezi zinto zisilelayo ezikhoyo kwiikhompyuter: zizinto ezibonakalayo kuphela zokungabi namandla komsebenzisi wokugqibela ebusweni bokusilela kwendlela abangenakulawula kuyo, kwaye abaxhomekeke kuyo ukwenza umsebenzi wabo. .

Oku kungabikho kolawulo kufikelela kumanqanaba amabi. Thatha umzekelo inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwepaspoti yamaPolisa aseburhulumenteni. Xa abantu baseArgentina abahlala phesheya benomntwana kwilizwe elilawulwa nguJus Sanguinis, masithi iJamani, umntwana akangowaseArgentina okanye waseJamani, akanakubalwa. IJamani iyala ukukhupha incwadana yokundwendwela yomntwana. IArgentina iyayisasaza, kodwa xa ingena kubuzwe bomntwana, le nkqubo ayinalo ukhetho "olungenakubalwa", yiyo loo nto ithathwa njengesiJamani, isigqibo esingenakuphikiswa njengokuchazwa njengesiHindu. Ngamafutshane, apha sinetyala apho ukusilela kwenkqubo yesoftware kuguqula umthetho.

Isoftware yasimahla ikuvumela ukuba usebenze ngokuLungileyo nangokufanelekileyo

Isitshixo sokusebenza kulawulo. Isoftware yasimahla ngokubanzi yomelele ngakumbi kunabalingani bayo abanini bayo kuba xa abasebenzisi befumana isiphako banokuyilungisa (okanye bayilungise) ngokweminqweno yabo. Kwaye ekubeni ukulungiswa kukhululekile, njengenkqubo yokuqala, kwanele ukuba omnye umsebenzisi emhlabeni afumane ukufaneleka ukusombulula ingxaki ukuze isonjululwe kubo bonke abanye abantu. Umsebenzisi unokuziqhelanisa nenkqubo kwiimfuno zakhe ngaphandle kokucela imvume kuye nabani na, ukhetha ixesha elibekiweyo, uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali kunye nababoneleli ngokwamandla akhe kunye nezinto eziphambili kuye, nokusombulula iingxaki zakhe kwaba kanye, endaweni yokuqhubeka nokulwa nazo mihla le.

Iindleko zeSoftware

Isoftware ayibizi ixabiso lokuthenga ngelayisensi kuphela. Kunzima ukugcina, ukusebenza, ukulungelelanisa. Kubalulekile ukuba umsebenzisi abenako ukugcina ezi ndleko ziphantsi kolawulo, kungenjalo banokuthintelwa ekufezekiseni iinjongo zabo, ngenxa yolwandlalo olungacwangciswanga.

Isoftware yasimahla yekaMsebenzisi

Iinkcukacha ezimnandi zesoftware yasimahla, isiphumo esithe ngqo seempawu esele sithethile ngazo, kukuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo kukhululekile: nabani na onako ngamandla akhe angayisebenzisa amaxesha ngamaxesha njengoko befuna, koomatshini abaninzi njengoko bafuna , ngazo naziphi na iinjongo abazifunayo. Ngale ndlela, usebenzisa isoftware yasimahla, umsebenzisi uyakhululwa nakuphi na ukuxhomekeka kumboneleli omnye, kwaye unokulawula ukukhula kunye nokusebenza ngokuzimela ngokupheleleyo, ngaphandle koloyiko lweendleko ezifihliweyo okanye ukuphanga.

Umnini weBhola

Zonke iziphene ezinokuthelekiswa nesoftware yokuthengisa ngokubhekisele kwisoftware yasimahla esele siyikhankanyile iguqulela kwilahleko yemali ebonakalayo yomsebenzisi, ngokweeyure zomsebenzi ezilahlekileyo, ukunqongophala kwamandla okuphendula, izigqibo ezinyanzelekileyo, ukuxhomekeka kubuchwephesha, ukungaqiniseki kwedatha, uhlaziyo olungeyomfuneko. njl. Kongezwe kwezi ndleko zeendleko, zombini ezibonakalayo kunye ezifihliweyo.

Iphepha-mvume lokusebenzisa elinganiselweyo apho kuthengiswa isoftware yokuthengisa ayibizi kuphela, kodwa ikwabeka umsebenzisi kwiingxaki ezininzi. Umzekelo, uxanduva lokuhlawula umboneleli ngenkqubo kwakhona ngalo lonke ixesha isandisa ukusebenza kwayo, nangona inganikeli galelo elitsha. Okubi nangakumbi kukuba, umboneleli unyanzela umthengi ukuba azenzele olwakhe uphicotho malunga nokusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kweelayisensi. Le ngxaki ihlanganiswe kukunqongophala konikezelo, ngumnini welungelo lokushicilela, lwezixhobo ezisebenzayo zokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwesoftware, ukuze, njengoko inani loomatshini kunye nabasebenzisi lisanda, olu lawulo lunye luya lubiza kakhulu, lude lube idlula iindleko zelayisenisi efanayo.

Ngamafutshane: izibonelelo zokuthamba. simahla

Nje ukuba izihloko zangaphambili zivandlakanyiwe, kufuneka kwenziwe uthelekiso phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini zesoftware (yasimahla kunye neyabanini), ngokusekwe kwiimpawu ezintandathu: ukusebenza, ukuthembeka, ukusebenziseka, ukusebenza ngokukuko, ukugcinwa kokugcinwa kunye nokuphatheka.

1. Ukusebenza

"UkuSebenza" kukukwazi kwesoftware ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabasebenzisi. Kungenxa yokuba isoftware nganye inezigidi zabasebenzisi abanokwanelisa, zombini isoftware yasimahla kunye neyokuthengisa iphuculwe kakhulu (nangona i-GNU / Linux ikwenzile ngexesha elincinci)

Xa kuziwa kwisoftware yeofisi (eyona ininzi yethu esiyisebenzisayo), iMicrosoft Office inezinto ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, abasebenzisi abawuboni umohluko ngeOpenOffice (yasimahla), kuba uninzi lwabantu lusebenzisa izixhobo ezisisiseko kuphela, ezikhoyo kwezi nkqubo zombini. Kwimeko yeenkqubo zolawulo lwedatha, isoftware yokuthengisa inezibonelelo, kodwa ngaphandle koku, kubasebenzisi abaninzi bale nkqubo inguqulelo yasimahla inokwanela.

Olunye uncedo lwesoftware yasimahla ngokubhekisele kumnini kukuba iinkqubo zayo zisemgangathweni, oko kukuthi, zinokusebenzisana okukhulu. Yintoni ukusebenzisana? Kukukwazi kwenkqubo ukutshintshiselana ngolwazi ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Oku akwenzeki ngesoftware ephetheyo, kuba igcina ulwazi malunga neenkcukacha zangaphakathi zeenkqubo zakho ziyimfihlo, kwaye kunzima ukuzenza zihambelane nezinye iimveliso.

2. Ukuthembeka

Ngaba ikhompyuter yakho ikhe "yonakala"? Kwikhompyuter, "ukuthembeka" kukukwazi kwesoftware ukuthembakala, oko kukuthi, kukukwazi kwakho ukunyamezela ukusilela kunye nokufumana kwakhona emva kwazo. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, oku yayikukugxeka okukhulu kweenkqubo zeWindows xa kuthelekiswa neGNU / Linux, nangona ngoku ziphuculwe kakhulu, ukuya kuthi, ekusetyenzisweni kweofisi, akukho mahluko. Xa kuziwa kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwedatha ephezulu yokusebenza, isoftware yokuthengisa ibhetele nangakumbi.

3 Ukusebenziseka

Kumaxesha ethu, emva kokuvela kweekhompyuter zakho, ukusebenzisa isoftware kufanele ukuba kube lula kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kule meko, isoftware ephetheyo isenenzuzo ngaphezulu kwesimahla, kodwa umahluko ungaphantsi kwaye ungaphantsi. Ngapha koko, kuqikelelwa ukuba umsebenzisi omtsha weOpenOffice ufuna kuphela iiyure ezimbalwa zokuhlola ukuqala ukuvelisa amaxwebhu ngokulula: ngokubonakalayo, i-GNU / Linux iphuculwe kakhulu kangangokuba ingakhuphisana neWindows Vista esandula ukukhutshwa, eyangena kwiWindows XP. .

4. Ukusebenza kakuhle

Njengoko igama layo lisitsho, "ukusebenza" kukukwazi kwenkqubo ukusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo zePC (RAM, CPU, disk space). Kumazwe ahluphekayo, njengePeru, iikhompyuter zihlala zindala: oku kuthetha ukuba banendawo encinci yokugcina idatha kunye ne-RAM encinci. Ngesoftware yobunini, izinto ezintsha ezibonwayo zifuna izixhobo ezingcono- awunakho ukufaka iWindows Vista kwiPentium 1- kodwa kwiGNU / Linux kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kubudala beePC.

5. Ukunyenyiswa kolondolozo

Isoftware kufuneka iguqulwe, njengoko ixesha lihamba, ukuze ukwazi ukuphendula ngokufanelekileyo kwiimfuno ezintsha. Oku kubizwa ngokuba "sisondlo" okanye "uhlaziyo." Kwimeko yesoftware yobunini, kuba ikhowudi yemithombo ayisiyoluntu, yinkampani kuphela enokuthi ikwazi ukwenza olu hlaziyo kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, ayizenzi ngokucela komsebenzisi ngamnye, kodwa xa inkampani ngokwayo icwangcisa ukwenza njalo.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngesoftware yasimahla yahlukile. Ngenxa yokuba ikhowudi yemithombo yoluntu, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokulawula uhlaziyo: imibutho inokuthatha isigqibo, umzekelo, ukuba amasebe ayo e-IT ayiguqule ikhowudi ngokweemfuno zabo; kodwa banokuqesha inkampani ukuba yenze ulondolozo oluyimfuneko. Enkosi kuloo nto, isoftware yasimahla iyaphumelela kulo mjikelo. 

Isoftware kunye noRhulumente

Impikiswano ebonisiweyo iyasebenza kuzo zonke iintlobo zemibutho emikhulu kunye nencinci. Kodwa into kushishino lwabucala ilula nje, kuba uRhulumente ubalulekile. Urhulumente ulawula ulwazi loluntu nolwabucala malunga nabemi, kwaye ngaxeshanye ipropathi yabemi. Ukungazithembi okwenzeka ngaphakathi ekusebenzeni "okuyimfihlo" kwesoftware yobunini kuthetha ukuveza le datha kumngcipheko ongenakubakho wobusela kunye notshintsho.

Kwakhona kwimbono yentlalo kunye neqhinga, ukusetyenziswa kwesoftware yasimahla kubalulekile. Kuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa kungekuphela inkululeko yedemokhrasi yokufikelela kulwazi kunye neenkqubo zikaRhulumente, kodwa kukhuphiswano lweshishini lesoftware, elinokuba ngumthombo womsebenzi onexabiso eliphezulu elongeziweyo.. Sikholelwa ukuba kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba le ayisiyonto yokukhusela: nokuba yeyiphi na imvelaphi, ngumbandela wokukhetha isoftware enelayisensi ekhuthaza ukuthatha inxaxheba kunye nokusebenzisana kweengcali kwindalo esingqongileyo endaweni yokucalucalulo, ngelixa kukhuthaza ukhuphiswano.

Ukuxhomekeka kwetekhnoloji evelayo kubume bepropathi yobunikazi ngokucacileyo akwamkelekanga kurhulumente. Sele kukho amaziko ejija imithetho ukuze ayilungelelanise nesoftware ayithengisileyo. Abarhafi banyanzelwa ukuba bafumane isoftware yohlobo oluthile kunye nemodeli ngenjongo eyodwa yokuhlangabezana neemfanelo zethu zerhafu. Urhulumente utyholwa ngokuphatha kakubi abantu ngolwazi alugcinileyo kwimfihlo yabanini bamashishini, ukonakalisa ngabom ukuba sesichengeni, kwaye konke oku ngaphandle kwezixhobo nolwazi olufunekayo ziyafumaneka ukunqanda ukubekwa kwezi ngxaki.

Umbuso, ngenxa yobukhulu bawo nendima yawo njengomlawuli wempahla eqhelekileyo, usengozini ngakumbi kwimingcipheko yesoftware yobunini, ngelixa ndikwimeko ekhethekileyo yokufumana izibonelelo zesoftware yasimahla, kunye nokwenza igalelo kuphuhliso lwayo. Thatha, umzekelo, amaphondo, onke aqalise iinkqubo ezibiza kakhulu zekhompyuter, ezinokuthi zenze indibaniselwano yokuxhasa ngezimali uphuhliso lwesisombululo sasimahla kwiingxaki zabo, kwaye babelane ngaso kubo bonke. Urhulumente weSizwe ukwimeko efanayo, ukuba sijonga inyani yokuba ukwahlulwahlulwa kwengingqi kwecandelo elifanayo kufuna iimvume zokusebenzisa isoftware eyongezelelweyo.

Imithombo:

• http://proposicion.org.ar/doc/razones.html, por Federico Heinz.
• Wikipedia.