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Le yeyokuqala kuthotho lwezithuba ezinxulumene nesihloko endicinga ukuba kubalulekile kuwo onke amazwe: ukusetyenziswa kwesoftware yasimahla kuRhulumente.
Kutheni kunokuba kuluncedo ukusebenzisa isoftware yasimahla kuRhulumente? Bubuphi ubunzima kunye neengxaki ezinokubangela? Ziya kuba yintoni iindleko zokufuduka okunje? Ngaba oku kufuduka kuyimfuneko kuphela kwimibono yeembono / zefilosofi okanye kwanezizathu zoqoqosho nezisebenzayo? |
Yintoni isoftware yasimahla?
Isoftware, njengokuthengisa, ngokubanzi ayithengiswa. Oko umsebenzisi akufumanayo, ngokukhutshwa kwemali ngaphandle kwayo, ngu kuhamba malunga nokusetyenziswa onokwenza kwezi nkqubo kuthethwa ngazo. Qaphela ukuba oku akufani, umzekelo, incwadi okanye irekhodi, ukuthengiswa apho umthengi efumana itayitile yokwenyani kwinto anokuboleka ngayo, anike, athengise kwakhona, acaphule, aqeshe, ashwankathele, njl.: Ngokuthenga inkqubo » , Umsebenzisi njengomgaqo jikelele akafumani naliphi na ilungelo lepropathi, kwiimeko ezininzi abade babe ngabanini bemagnethi okanye yokujonga ngaphakathi apho isoftware ihanjiswa khona, ehlala ipropathi yombhali wokuqala.
Ilayisenisi yokusebenzisa inkqubo ethile ilawula iindlela umsebenzisi anokuyisebenzisa ngayo. Nangona iintlobo ngeentlobo zamaphepha-mvume zigubungela lonke uluhlu lwamathuba, ukusukela kwezona meko zininzi ziyeyona inenkululeko, zinokuhlelwa ngokwamacandelo amabini abanzi: kwelinye icala, kukho iilayisensi ezaziwa njenge "simahla", nangaphezulu enye, iilayisenisi "Ubunini". Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi ntlobo zeelayisensi kukuba isoftware enelayisensi yobunini ngokubanzi inika umsebenzisi ilungelo kuphela baleka Inkqubo "njengoko injalo" (Oko kukuthi, kukho iimpazamo ezibandakanyiweyo) kwikhompyuter enikiweyo, ethintela ngokucacileyo konke okunye ukusetyenziswa, ngelixa isoftware elawulwa lilayisensi yasimahla ivumela umsebenzisi ukuba angaqhubeki kuphela nenkqubo kwiikhompyuter ezininzi ngendlela ayifunayo, kodwa ikope, uyihlole, uyihlengahlengise, uyiphucule, ulungise iimpazamo kwaye uyihambise, okanye uqeshe umntu oza kukwenzela yona.
Ngokutsho kwe Isiseko seSoftware sasimahla, isoftware yasimahla ibhekisa kwifayile ye- Libertad Abasebenzisi ukuqhuba, ukukopa, ukuhambisa, ukufunda, ukutshintsha kunye nokuphucula iifayile ze- isoftwe; ngokuchanekileyo, ibhekisa ku- inkululeko ezine zabasebenzisi besoftwareinkululeko yokusebenzisa le nkqubo, ngayo nayiphi na injongo; ukufunda ngokusebenza kwenkqubo, nokuyiqhelanisa neemfuno; ukuhambisa iikopi, ngaloo ndlela unceda abanye, kunye nokuphucula inkqubo nokwenza uphuculo esidlangalaleni, ukuze uluntu lonke luxhamle (kwinkululeko yesibini neyokugqibela ekhankanyiweyo, ukufikelela ikhowudi yemvelaphi yinto efunekayo).
Ukucwangciswa kwemfihlo kunye nedatha
Ukufezekisa imisebenzi yakhe, uRhulumente kufuneka agcine kwaye asebenzise ulwazi olunxulumene nabemi. Ubudlelwane phakathi komntu kunye noRhulumente buxhomekeke kwimfihlo kunye nokuthembeka kwezi datha, ekufuneka ke zikhuselwe ngokwaneleyo kwimingcipheko emithathu:
- Umngcipheko wokuvuza: Idatha eyimfihlo kufuneka iphathwe ngendlela yokuba ukufikelela kuyo kunokwenzeka kuphela kubantu abagunyazisiweyo nakumaziko.
- Umngcipheko wokungakwazi ukufikelela: Idatha kufuneka igcinwe ngendlela yokuba ukufikelela kubo ngabantu abagunyazisiweyo kunye namaziko kuqinisekiswe kubo bonke ubomi bokusebenziseka kolwazi.
- Umngcipheko wokukhohlisa: ukuguqulwa kwedatha kufuneka kuthintelwe, kwakhona, kubantu abagunyazisiweyo nakumaziko.
Ukufezekiswa kwazo naziphi na ezi zisongelo zintathu kunokuba neziphumo ezibi kuRhulumente nakumntu ngamnye. Xa idatha iqhutywa ngombane, ukuba semngciphekweni kwakho kwezi ngozi kuxhomekeke kwisoftware eyenzayo.
Isoftware yasimahla ivumela umsebenzisi kuvavanyo olupheleleyo nolugqibeleleyo lwendlela idatha eqhutywa ngayo. Umdla kwinkqubo yokulungisa ingaphezulu kokufunda. Ngaphandle kokwenzeka kovavanyo, akunakwenzeka ukwazi ukuba ngaba le nkqubo izalisekisa umsebenzi wayo, okanye ikwabandakanya ukuba semngciphekweni ngabom okanye ngengozi evumela abantu besithathu ukuba bafikelele ngokungafanelekanga kwidatha, okanye bathintele abasebenzisi abasebenzayo bolwazi ukuba bayisebenzise. Umngcipheko unokubonakala ungaqhelekanga, nangona kunjalo ucacile, kwaye kukho imbali ebhaliweyo.
Inyani yokuvumela ukuvavanywa kwenkqubo linyathelo elifanelekileyo lokhuseleko, kuba iindlela zivelisiwe, zihlala zijongwa kwiingcali eziqeqeshiweyo, ezenza kube nzima kakhulu ukufihla imisebenzi enobubi, nokuba umsebenzisi wokugqibela akazikhathazi ngokufumana kubo.
Ngokufumana ilayisensi yokusebenzisa isoftware yobunini, kwelinye icala, umsebenzisi ufumana ilungelo lokuqhuba inkqubo kwikhompyuter, kodwa ndingazi indlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo. Into ebalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na ilayisensi yobunini sesithintelo esicacileyo kumsebenzisi wokuzama ukuzama ukufumana indlela esebenza ngayo le nkqubo. Olu thintelo lunokuba sengqiqweni kwinkqubo yomdlalo, kodwa ayamkelekanga kuwo onke la matyala apho inkqubo iphatha khona ulwazi oluluncedo, kuba kuthintelwe ukuyihlola, umsebenzisi ushiywe kuphela enethuba lokuthemba ababoneleli babo, kananjalo nganye kwaye wonke umqeshwa wabanikezeli ngeempahla, nkqu namashishini orhulumente aphantsi kwabo baboneleli bakhe, baziphatha ngokungenakusoleka kwaye babeke phambili ukhuseleko lomthengi nangaphezulu kwezorhwebo zabo, kwilizwe labo okanye kwiqhinga labo. Le ntembeko sele yaphulwe kaninzi.
Inkululeko kwezobuchwephesha kunye "nokungathathi cala" kwenethiwekhi
Izinto eziluncedo eziziswa kukwamkelwa kwezixhobo zokwenza idatha zininzi kwaye ziyaziwa kakuhle. Kodwa nje ukuba ikhompyuter yenze umsebenzi, ikhompyuter ibalulekile, kwaye umsebenzi uya kuxhomekeka kubukho bayo. Ukuba iziko elisebenzisa isicelo alinayo inkululeko yokufumana ikhontrakthi ngokubhekisele kulwandiso kunye nokulungiswa kwenkqubo, ukuxhomekeka kwetekhnoloji kwenzeka apho umboneleli ekwimeko yokuyalela ngokungahambelaniyo, amaxesha amisiweyo kunye namaxabiso.
Uhlobo olufihlakeleyo loku kuxhomekeka kwetekhnoloji kwenzeka ngendlela egcinwa ngayo idatha. Ukuba le nkqubo isebenzisa ifomathi yokugcina esemgangathweni, umsebenzisi unokuqiniseka ukuba kwixa elizayo baya kuba nakho ukugqithisa ulwazi. SiNgokuchasene noko, idatha igcinwe kwifomathi eyimfihlo, umsebenzisi ubanjisiwe kumboneleli othile, ekuphela kwento onokubonelela ngesiqinisekiso sokufikelela kubo.
Iilayisensi zasimahla azivumeli kuphela umsebenzisi ukuba asebenzise isoftware, kodwa zivumele ukuba ziyisebenzise ngezinye iindlela ezininzi. Phakathi kwabo, umsebenzisi unelungelo lokuhlola inkqubo ngokuthanda kwakhe, kwaye ngale ndlela elula (ukuba kungenjalo ngamanye anamandla ngakumbi, njengokulandela imigangatho), yenza ifomathi yokugcina idatha ibonakale, ukuze umsebenzisi abe noxolo lwengqondo ukuba baya kuhlala bekwazi ukufikelela kuzo, kwaye abaphuhlisi beenkqubo abasebenzisana nabo baya kuhlala benamaxwebhu apheleleyo kwaye achanekileyo ukuqinisekisa unxibelelwano ngaphandle kweengxaki.
Kwakhona, Isoftware yasimahla ivumela umsebenzisi ukuba alungise kwaye aguqule inkqubo ukuze ihambelane neemfuno zabo. Le nkululeko ayenzelwanga abo benkqubo kuphela. Ngelixa ingabo abanokufumana imali kuyo ngesandla sokuqala, abasebenzisi bayazuza kakhulu, kuba ngale ndlela banokuqesha nayiphi na inkqubo (hayi umbhali wokuqala) ukulungisa iibhugi okanye ukongeza ukusebenza. Abantu abanokuqesha kungekuphela abanayo kwaphela into yokufumana ikhontrakthi, kodwa kananjalo abayifumani kulungelelwaniso lwayo. Ngale ndlela, umsebenzisi angaba izixhobo zabo ukusombulula iimfuno zabo ngokokubaluleka kwabo, becela iikowuti ezininzi kunye nokugcina leyo inika elona xabiso liphezulu / umlinganiso wentsebenzo, ngaphandle kokuziveza kubundlobongela nasekuphangeni.
Ngendlela efanayo, kusetyenziswa indlela efanayo yokugcina idatha kwiifomati eziyimfihlo ezinokutshintsha ngokuthanda, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokugunyaziswa, Abavelisi besoftware abanelungelo lokunyanzela abathengi babo ukuba bathenge uhlaziyo olungeyomfuneko kwiinkqubo zabo. Oovimba balula: bathengisa ngenguqulelo entsha yemveliso, kwaye barhoxise endala kwintengiso. Inguqulelo entsha isebenzisa ifomathi entsha, engahambelaniyo nayo yangaphambili. Isiphumo kukuba umsebenzisi, nokuba banelisekile ziimpawu zenguqulelo abanayo, akanandlela yimbi ngaphandle kokufumana olona hlobo "lwanamhlanje", kuba kuphela kwendlela abanokufunda ngayo iifayile abazithumelwa ngabasebenzisi babo. abantu obaqhelileyo kunye noogxa abanenguqulo entsha.
Ugcwalisa ifom kodwa ngolu hlobo lusiba ...
Omnye wemizekelo ebangela usizi koluxhomekeko lwetekhnoloji unokubonwa kumthetho waseArgentina ngokwawo. Kangangexesha elithile ngoku, i-AFIP ifuna abarhafi ukuba bangenise iintlobo ngeentlobo zembuyekezo kwifomathi yedijithali. Uluvo, ngendlela, lusengqiqweni, kodwa indlela i-AFIP ephumeze ngayo kukuba ifuna ukuba umboniso wenziwe ngokukodwa ngokwenziwa kweenkqubo ezithile ezibonelelwe ngulo mbutho. Ezi nkqubo, ziyinyani, zisimahla, kodwa iimfuno zabo zokwenza zibandakanya, njengeenkqubo zokusebenza, ngokukodwa "iWindows 95, 98 okanye ngaphezulu." Yiyo i Urhulumente ufuna ukuba abemi bathenge imveliso ethile kumthengisi othile ngeenjongo zokufezekisa uxanduva lwabo lwerhafu. Oku kuyalingana nokuyalela ukuba iifom ezingezizo ezedijithali zinokugqitywa kusetyenziswa iipeni zomthombo wohlobo "lweMont Blanc".
Ukuxhomekeka kwetekhnoloji = ukubuyela umva
Ukuba umsebenzisi unikwe amandla okwenza inkqubo, kodwa angayihloli okanye ayiguqule, emva koko akanakufunda kuyo, uye axhomekeke kwitekhnoloji angayiqondiyo kuphela kodwa ayivumelekanga ngokucacileyo.. Iingcali kwindawo okuyo, ezinokukunceda ufezekise iinjongo zakho, zilinganiselwe ngokulinganayo: kuba ukusebenza kwenkqubo kuyimfihlo, kwaye ukuhlolwa kwayo akuvumelekanga, akunakulungiswa. Ngale ndlela, iingcali zalapha ekhaya zibona amathuba okubonelela ngexabiso elongezelelekileyo, kunye nomsebenzi wabo umncinci kunye namathuba abo okufunda ngakumbi.
Ngelishwa iingcali zalapha ekhaya azinakho ukuphendula kwezi ngxaki, kuba ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukunika oko luthintelwe kubasebenzi bomnini weenkqubo ezidlalayo.. Kuyinyani: abanini babonelela ngezifundo ezibizayo eziqeqesha abaqeqeshi ukusombulula iingxaki, kodwa bayalela ubunzulu bezo zifundo, bangaze baveze zonke iinkcukacha, kwaye bangaboneleli ngendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba oko bakufundisayo kuchanekile. Ngamafutshane, akukho mntu waziyo ukuba kwenzeka ntoni, kuphela ngabarhanelwa. Kwaye nokuba esinye sezikrokro sasichanekile, kwanaxa kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu othile, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, wafumanisa unobangela wesiphoso esithile kwaye angasisusa ngonaphakade ... Bekungavunyelwa ukwenza njalo!
Isoftware yasimahla ikhuthaza uphuhliso lwasekhaya
Ngokusebenzisa isoftware yasimahla, enokuthi iingcali zihlalutye, ziqonde, kwaye ziphucule, umsebenzisi ukwimeko yokuba akwazi ukubanga kubasebenzi benkxaso ukuba iinkqubo zenze umsebenzi wazo ngokugqibeleleyo.. Akusekho sisingxengxezo "okwenzekayo kukuba i-XXX iwele", apho i-XXX mihla le iyinto entsha nengacacanga apho ingcali ingenakulawula khona, ngenxa yoko uxanduva. Nantsi yonke into ivuliwe, wonke umntu ofuna ukufunda, wonke umntu ofuna ukusebenzisana, kwaye ukuba umntu akazi, kungenxa yokuba bebengafuni ukufunda, hayi kuba umntu ebambe ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukuze afezekise umsebenzi wakhe.
Kuyinyani ukuba azikabikho izisombululo zasimahla zazo zonke iimfuno zabasebenzisi. Ukuba sinjalo, akukho zisombululo kubanini bazo zonke iimfuno. Kwimeko apho isisombululo sasimahla singekho, kuya kufuneka usiphuhlise, oko kuthetha ukuba ulinde omnye umntu ukuba akhubeke kwimfuno kwaye ayiphuhlise, okanye uziphuhlise ngokwakho (okanye into efanayo, bhatalela omnye umntu ukuze ayiphuhlise. ). Umahluko kukuba kulawo matyala apho kukho isisombululo sasimahla esifumanekayo, umsebenzisi angasisebenzisa kwangoko nangaphandle kwenkcaso yalo naluphi na uhlobo, ngelixa ngezisombululo ezizizo kusoloko kufuneka behlawule, kwaye oko bakufumanayo njengembuyekezo sisisombululo se- «Kuvaliwe» kunye nemfihlo, endaweni yesixhobo esikuvumela ukuba ukhule kwaye usebenze ngokukhuselekileyo nangokukhululekileyo.
Isoftware yasimahla ibeka iziseko zophuhliso oluzinzileyo noluzimeleyo lweengcali zalapha ezibonelela ngezisombululo.
Imithombo:
- http://proposicion.org.ar/doc/razones.html, por Federico Heinz.
- Wikipedia.