/ Uyifaka njani iRust yolwimi lwenkqubo kwiLinux?

I-C kunye ne-C ++ ngokungathandabuzekiyo yenye yezona lwimi zidumileyo zenkqubo kwaye isetyenziswe luninzi lwezicelo kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza kunye Ngaphandle kokuthetha ukuba lolunye lweelwimi zokuqala ezinconyelwayo zokufunda kwaye uthathe njengesiseko.

Umhlwa lulwimi olusetyenziswayo iqokelelwe, injongo ngokubanzi kunye Ukuphindaphinda yiyo loo nto iphuhliswe yiMozilla kwaye ixhaswe yi-LLVM. Olu lwimi yenzelwe ukuba ibekhona «Ulwimi olukhuselekileyo, olufanayo nolusebenzayo» kwaye ngaphezulu kwako konke ukuba kunjalo indawo yeelwimi zeC kunye neC ++.

Ukugqithisa lulwimi lwenkqubo evulelekileyo exhasa inkqubo esebenzayo, Inkqubo, eyimfuneko kunye nejolise kwinto.

Olu lwimi lwenkqubo isebenza ngokukhawuleza okukhulu, kuthintela ukwahlulahlula, kwaye kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kumsonto. Ixhasa ukukhutshwa kweendleko zero, ii-semantics ezihambayo, ukhuseleko lweememori oluqinisekisiweyo, imidyarho yedatha engena-ntambo, uphawu olusekwe generic kunye nepateni ehambelana nayo.

Kwakhona ixhasa uhlobo lokuthotyelwa, ixesha elincinci lokwenza, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-C.

Ukugqithisa ingaqhutywa kwinani elikhulu lamaqonga kwaye iyasetyenziswa kwimveliso yeenkampani / imibutho efana neDropbox, iCoreOS, NGP nezinye ezininzi.

Injongo yeRust kukuba lulwimi olulungileyo lokudala iinkqubo ezinkulu zabaxhasi kunye neeseva ezisebenza kwi-Intanethi.

Oku kukhokelele kuseto lweempawu ngokugxininisa kukhuseleko, kulawulo lwenkumbulo, kunye nakwikhonkrithi.

Ukusebenza kwekhowudi ekhuselekileyo kulindelwe ukuba kucothise kune-C ++, ukuba ukusebenza kuphela kwento, kodwa xa kuthelekiswa nekhowudi ye-C ++ eyenziweyo ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko xa kuthelekiswa neRust, le yokugqibela inokukhawuleza.

I-Rust syntax iyafana no-C no-C ++, kunye neebhloko zekhowudi ezimiselweyo zebrawsi kunye nolwakhiwo lolawulo lokuhamba okufana nokuba, kungenjalo, yenza ngelixa ulungiselela.

Ayizizo zonke izakhiwo ze-C kunye ne-C ++ ezikhoyo, kwaye ezinye (ezinjengegama elingumdlalo wegama elinamacala amaninzi) aziyi kuqhelana neenkqubo ezivela kwezi lwimi.

Ukufaka iRust kwiLinux

Si ufuna ukufaka olu lwimi lwenkqubo kwinkqubo yakho, Singayenza ngokukhuphela isifaki esiza kusinceda ukuba sifumane umhlwa kwinkqubo yethu

Vula nje i-terminal kwaye usebenze kuyo:

curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh

Xa usebenzisa lo myalelo i-installer iya kukhutshelwa kwaye iya kusebenza phantse kwangoko, Kuya kufuneka ucofe u-1 ukuqhubeka nokufaka kunye namaxabiso asisiseko kwaye iya kukhuphela zonke iipakeji eziyimfuneko.

Ukuba ufuna ufakelo lwesiko kufuneka uchwetheze 2 kwaye uyakuchaza imeko-bume yendawo yakho phakathi kwezinye izinto.

Ekupheleni kokufakwa kweRust kwinkqubo yethu, umkhombandlela weCargo bin uya kongezwa kwangoko kule ndlela ilandelayo ( ~ / .cargo / bin) apho zonke izixhobo zifakelwe) kwindawo yakho INDLELA eyahlukileyo, kwi ~ /. iprofayile.

Yenza le nto Kuya kufuneka siqhubeke nokumisela iShell, Sikwenza oku ngokuguqula i- ~ / .profile ifayile ukuze isebenzise i-PATH eguqulweyo ukuze isebenze nemo engqongileyo yeRust, eqhuba le miyalelo kwisiphelo sendlela:

source ~/.profile
source ~/.cargo/env

Ngoku kuphela kufuneka siqhubeke nokuqinisekisa ukuba iRust ifakwe ngokufanelekileyo kwinkqubo yethu, Sikwenza oku ngokuchwetheza lo myalelo ulandelayo kwisiphelo sendlela

rustc --version

Kwaye ngayo Kuya kufuneka sifumane ingxelo yeRust kwiscreen ukuba siyifakile kwinkqubo yethu.

Yiyo ke loo nto, sinokuqala ukusebenzisa olu lwimi kwaye sikwazi ukufaka usetyenziso olisebenzisa kwinkqubo yethu.

Ukuvavanya ulwimi sinokwenza ifayile elula Siprinte umyalezo kwiscreen, senza oku ngokuchwetheza oku kulandelayo:

nano prueba.rs

Kwaye ngaphakathi kwifayile sincamathisela oku kulandelayo:

fn main() {
println!("Prueba exitosa de Rust");
}

Siyiguqula ibe yinto enokuphunyezwa:

rustc prueba.rs

Kwaye sibaleka ukuvavanya:

./prueba.rs