Umzekelo: imizekelo yomyalelo kwi-GNU / Linux

ukubamba sesinye sezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwilayini yomyalelo we-GNU / Linux. Ngaphandle kokuba sisixhobo esilula kakhulu, ikuvumela ukuba wenze inani elikhulu lokusebenza. Isetyenziswa ngakumbi kunye nemibhobho, ukuze ikwazi ukufumana amanqaku athile kwimveliso yomyalelo wangaphambili, njl. Kodwa kukwakho nesixhobo esaziwa njenge-egrep esilingana nokuqhuba i-grep kunye -E ukhetho.

U-e uvela kwi "Regex eyandisiweyo", yiyo le nto evula -E ukhetho kunye nezinto onazo kwi-egrep ngokungagqibekanga ngaphandle kokusebenzisa olo khetho. Oko kukuthi, ungasebenzisa i- intetho eyandisiweyo. Kule tutorial andizukuya ekuchazeni ukuba zeziphi iinkcazo eziqhelekileyo, ukuba zinokusetyenziswa njani kwaye zeziphi iintlobo ezikwi-nix. Ndiza kubonisa nje imizekelo ebonakalayo yezinye izinto eziluncedo onokuzenza nge-egrep ...

grep, egrep, kunye fgrep ziyafana. Ngapha koko, i-egrep ilingana ne-grep -E kunye ne-fgrep ilingana ne-grep -F. Oko kukuthi, kwimeko esichaphazelayo, iyakutolika iipateni njengamabinzana aqhelekileyo.

Unako khangela umgca okanye igama kwifayile enye okanye nangaphezulu, njengoko kunjalo ngegrep. Umzekelo, masithi ufuna ukukhangela igama ubuntu kwifayile ebizwa ngokuba yi-snap.txt kunye nazo zonke iifayile ze-.txt kulawulo lwangoku:

egrep ubuntu snap.txt

egrep ubuntu *.txt

Ukukhangela kunokuba njalo ephindayo Ukukhangela konke okuqulathiweyo kulawulo lwangoku:

egrep -r "hola mundo" *

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, amagama afanelekileyo okanye imitya ikhangelwe, oko kukuthi, kuthathelwa ingqalelo imeko ephezulu kunye nezantsi (ethe-ethe), kodwa ukuba ufuna ukuyenza kwimeko yokungakhathali, akunamsebenzi nokuba ngaba bangoonobumba abakhulu okanye abancinci, ungasebenzisa oku kulandelayo (ukuba uyongeza w ifumana kuphela umdlalo opheleleyo):

egrep -i "ejemplo" documento.txt

egrep -iw "ejemplo" documento.txt

Ungabonisi into eyenzekileyo, kodwa amagama efayile apho loo midlalo yafunyanwa khona:

egrep -l hola *.txt

Bonisa kuphela ipateni okanye igama kukhangelwe ngaphakathi kuxwebhu:

egrep -o printf hola.c

Khumbula ukuba ungasebenzisa onke amathuba onokucinga ngawo. Ungadibanisa uninzi lwezikhetho ezibonwe ngaphambili, okanye ungazincedisa ngezinye iindlela ezinje nge -A n kunye -B n, apho n inani lemigca ofuna ukuyibonisa ngaphambili (Phambi) nasemva (Emva) yomdlalo okanye zombini ngaxeshanye (C), ukuze ubone ukuba yintoni ejikeleze umdlalo:

egrep -A 2 "printf" hola.c

egrep -B 2 "printf" hola.c

egrep -C 2 printf hola.c

Cinezela imigca equlathe umdlalo kwaye ubonise kuphela ezo ezingahambelaniyo:

egrep -v "dos" números.doc

Okanye ukuba ukhetha, ungasebenzisa amagama amaninzi okanye umdlalo kunye -e. Umzekelo:

egrep -v -e "uno" -e "dos" -e "tres" números.txt

Ukuba uyasebenzisa -c Inokubala kuphela inani lematshisi, okanye uyiguqule nge -v ukubonisa inani lemigca engalinganiyo. Umzekelo:

egrep -c "include" main.c

egrep -v -c "include" main.c

Kwaye nkqu bonisa inombolo yomgca apho umdlalo wenzeka khona, kunye nendawo ekubekwa kuyo ngokulandelelana:

egrep -n "void" hola.c

egrep -o -b "printf" hola.c

Kwaye kunye amabinzana aqhelekileyo amandla ayo anokwandiswa. Umzekelo, fumana umgca oqala ngo-Molo kwaye uphele ngo-bye, okanye oqala ngo-Molo olandelwe yiyo nantoni na emva koko umdlalo ubonakale ngokulandelelana:

* Ukulungiswa kwalo myalelo ulandelayo: enkosi kwingcaciso yomfundi uManuel Alcocer ndikwazile ukuguqula lo myalelo ulandelayo, kuba bekukho impazamo.

egrep '^Hola.*adiós$' ejemplo.txt

egrep "Hola.*adiós" ejemplo.txt

Kodwa ukuba uyazibuza ngumahluko nge-grep, nanku umzekelo oza kuyenza icace ... Kwimeko yokusebenzisa grep ngaphandle -E kuya kufuneka usebenzise ukulandelelana ngokulandelelana ukuze itolike oonobumba abakhethekileyo ngolu hlobo, kungenjalo iya kutolika ipatheni injalo ingakhange ithathele ingqalelo. Kwelinye icala, nge-egrep okanye i-grep -E iya kubathathela ingqalelo. Umzekelo:
grep '^no\(fork\|group\)' /etc/group

Oko kuya kulingana:

grep -E '^no(fork|group)' /etc/group

egrep '^no(fork|group)' /etc/group

Oko kukuthi, kuya kujonga imigca ehambelana nayo eqala nge-nofork okanye kwiqela leqela. Kodwa ukuba usebenzise intetho yokuqala ye-grep ngaphandle kwendlela yokubaleka, into enokuyenza kukukhangela iphethini yekhonkrithi hayi (ifolokhwe | iqela):

grep 'no(fork|group)' /etc/group

Unokukhangela kwakhona Uluhlu lwealphanumeric, okanye amaxabiso athile, njengokufumana ii-IPs ezithile:
cat /etc/networks | egrep "192.168.1.[5-9]"
cat /etc/networks | egrep "192.168.[1-3].[5-9]"
cat /etc/networks | egrep "192.168.1.[0-3]|[5-9]"
egrep 192.168.4.[10,40] networks

Ukuba ukhetha, ungasebenzisa amanye amabinzana aqhelekileyo ukwenza uphando oluthile. Umzekelo | ukufumana enye ngengozi okanye enye:

egrep -i '^(printf|scanf)' hola.c

Unokufumana indawo oonobumba abakhulu, amagama asezantsi, oonobumba, okanye oonobumba, njl., usebenzisa amanye amabinzana anje nge: [: alnum:], [: alpha:], [: idijithi:], [: ezantsi:], [: shicilela:], [: isibhambathiso:], [: isithuba:], [: ephezulu:], njl. Umzekelo, ukukhangela oonobumba abakhulu:
egrep [[:upper:]] diccioario

Ndiyathemba ukuba iyakunceda ... Kungekudala ndiza kuchaza amabinzana aqhelekileyo kwinqaku elinikezelwe ngokukodwa ...