Indlela yokwenza iFedora: Ukuphucula ukuya kwiNguqulelo eNtsha ngoPhuculo lwangaphambili

 

Kule nto Kwenziwa kanjani Siza kubona indlela yokuhlaziya enye okanye ezingaphezulu iinguqulelo zangaphambili zethu Fedora kwinguqulelo yangoku okanye yangoku. Olu liguqulelwe kwinqaku Uyisebenzisa kanjani i-PreUpgrade iyafumaneka kwifayile ye- Wiki de Fedoraiprojekthi. Inguqulelo iqhutywe kwiakhawunti yam, ke ukuba ufumana iimpazamo (andiyathemba) okanye izilungiso, nceda undazise kumagqabantshintshi :). Khumbula ukuba yonke imiyalelo equlethwe kule post kufuneka ifakwe njenge Ingcambu ;).

Usebenzisa njani ulungiso?

kuqala sisicelo esisebenza kuhlobo esele lukhona, lisombulula, kwaye likhuphele iphakheji eyimfuneko yokuphucula ingxelo entsha yeFedora. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokulungiselela kwangaphambili, abasebenzisi banokuqhubeka nokusebenzisa iisistim zabo. Oku kukunika amava afana nohlaziyo lwangoku. Ngolwazi olongezelelweyo, nceda ubhekise kwiphepha: ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kweempawu.

Ukuphucula uguqulelo lwangoku ngqo

Ukulungiselela kwangaphambili kunika uhlaziyo kuhlobo lwamva nje lweFedora. Akukho sidingo sokuphucula kwiinguqulelo eziphakathi. Umzekelo, kunokwenzeka ukuphucula ukusuka kwi-Fedora 14 ukuya kwi-Fedora 17 ngokuthe ngqo.

Izinto ezifuneka kuqala

Inkqubo ayinakuphuculwa ngoncedo olungaphambili kwimeko elandelayo:

• Ukuba isahlulelo sakho / se-boot sise-RAID. Jonga ibug 500004.

Lungisa inkqubo

Ngelixa ulungiso lwangaphambi kokubonelela ngamava ophuculo olusulungekileyo ngokubanzi, la manyathelo alandelayo ayacetyiswa ngaphambi kokuqhubeka.

• Ugcino Phambi kokwenza nawuphi na umsebenzi wolondolozo kwinkqubo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe ikopi yazo zonke iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo ngaphambi kokuqhubeka.
• Uhlaziyo -Faka uhlaziyo olukhoyo ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nohlaziyo lweFedora. Njengomsebenzisi wengcambu, sebenzisa lo mthetho ulandelayo:

yum update

• Ukufakwa -Ukuqala nge-Fedora 10, into elungiselelwe kwangaphambili ibandakanyiwe kufakelo lweFedora ngokungagqibekanga. Iphakheji inokufakwa ngesandla usebenzisa umyalelo we-yum:

yum install preupgrade

Yenza uhlaziyo

Ngokuqhelekileyo, Iphakheji yeKit izakwazisa xa uhlaziyo lukhona kwinkqubo yakho. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokuphucula ngesandla usebenzisa ulungiso, landela la manyathelo adweliswe apha ngezantsi.

• Qalisa ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo sokuqala njengengcambu ngokuvula i-terminal kunye nokwenza lo mthetho ulandelayo:

preupgrade

Ukuba ukhetha isicelo somgca wokuyalela, umyalelo kuqala-CLI ikwafumaneka.

• Kwiskrini sokuKhetha ukuKhutshwa kwakho, khetha uguqulelo lweFedora ofuna ukuyhlaziya, kwaye ucofe iqhosha lokufaka isicelo.
• Xa zonke iipakeji zikhutshiwe, qalisa inkqubo ukuqala isifaki seFedora kunye nohlaziyo kwinguqu elandelayo.

Inqaku le <°DesdeLinux: Ukuba ufuna ukungena nzulu kule nkqubo, nceda undwendwele eli nqaku lilandelayo: Ukulungiselela kwangaphambili: Ukuphucula phakathi kweFedoras, enkosi ku UDiego Campos ngekhonkco;).

Qaphela 2 ye <°DesdeLinuxInkqubo yokuphucula inokwenziwa kwakhona kwi-DVD yokufaka i-Fedora.

Uhlaziyo olukude

Ukulungiselela kwangaphambili kuneswitshi esivumela ukuphuculwa okukude nge-VNC. Ukuba usebenzisa ulungiso lwangaphambili lokuphucula kude, kunokwenzeka ukuba ngumatshini onedilesi ye-IP emileyo. Oku kulungiswa ngomyalelo wokuqala:

preupgrade-cli --vnc[=password] --ip=[IPADDR] --netmask=[NETMASK] --gateway=[IPADDR] --dns=[DNSSERVER] "Fedora 17 (Beefy Miracle)"

Imisebenzi eqhelekileyo yokuphucula emva

Emva kohlaziyo, amanyathelo ongezelelweyo ayacetyiswa ukugqiba inkqubo.

Ukususwa kwephakheji engaxhaswanga

Ezinye iipakeji azinakuxhaswa yinguqulelo entsha. Unokufuna ukususa ezi phakheji njengoko uza kuyeka ukufumana uhlaziyo lokhuseleko, kwaye zinokubangela ukungqubana kamva neephakeji ezintsha. Oku kunokuchongwa ngalo myalelo ulandelayo:

package-cleanup --orphans

Bhrawuza .rpmsave kunye .rpmnew files

Emva kokugqiba inkqubo yohlaziyo, ungaqaphela amanye amagama efayile aphela ngo yonga y .rpmmtsha. Musa ukothuka. Inkqubo yokuphucula iya kuhlala igcina iifayile zoqwalaselo eziguqulweyo apha ekhaya. Amagama efayile aphela ngo .rpmsave aqulathe utshintsho lobumbeko lwasekhaya. Ngelixa amagama efayile aphela ngo .rpmnew amele ifayile yoqwalaselo kwiphakheji yayo yoqobo kunye nesoftware.

Kuya kufuneka uvavanye yonke .rpmsave kunye .rpmnew Iifayile ezenziwe luhlaziyo. Kuxhomekeke kumahluko, unokufuna ukudibanisa ngesandla iifayile zoqwalaselo. Ungazifumana zonke iifayile ezihambelana nomyalelo wokufumana.

find / -print | egrep "rpm(new|save)$"

Ngokhetho, ukukhawulezisa ukukhangela okuphindaphindiweyo ngelixa uhlela, ngokusebenza komyalelo ohlaziyiweyo kuqala, kwaye emva koko usebenzise ukukhangela kamva.

updatedb

locate --regex "rpm(new|save)$"

Jonga uhlaziyo

Qhuba:

yum repolist

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubumbeko lwendawo yokugcina oluchanekileyo luchanekile. Emva koko baleka:

yum distro-sync

Ukuvumelanisa iiphakheji kunye neenguqulelo kwindawo yokugcina izinto.

Uluhlu lweengxaki

Akukho sithuba saneleyo kwi / boot

I-Fedora 13 kunye nokusetyenziswa okuphezulu ngokungagqibekanga i-500 MB kwisiqendu sokuqalisa (/ boot). Ixabiso elisisiseko ku / ubungakanani benkqubo yefayile ngu-200MB kwiinguqulelo ezindala, oku kunokuba yingxaki kubasebenzisi abaphuculayo ukusuka kuhlobo olo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, indawo yediski ekhululweyo inokwanela ukuvumela ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kokukhuphela isifaki, kodwa akonelanga ukuqhuba isifakeli kunye nokufaka i-kernel entsha kuqaliso lwenkqubo. Eli candelo libonisa iingcebiso ezaziwayo zokuya emsebenzini. Khumbula: Xa usenza imisebenzi yolawulo, qiniseka ukuba uyayibuyisela idatha yakho ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke.

Zimbini iindlela zokufumana ulungiso olusebenzayo kwezi meko. Kwindlela yokuqala, kuya kufuneka ukhulule indawo eyaneleyo ukuze umfakeli afake iiphakheji zekernel ezintsha. Kwindlela yesibini, kuya kufuneka ubeke indawo eyaneleyo okwethutyana kwi / boot ukunyanzela ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kokukhuphela isifaki emva kokuqalisa kwakhona.

Indlela yoku-1: Ukukhulula indawo

Kuqala, zama ukususa iiphakheji ze-kernel ezingasetyenziswanga okwangoku kwinkqubo yakho. Iskripthi kernel-Prune.py Ingasetyenziselwa ukubona iinkozo ezinokususwa ngokukhuselekileyo. Ukuba ukhetha ukususa iinkozo ezongeziweyo, zilungiselele ngemithombo yeendaba ukufakela kwimeko apho unganakho ukubuyela kwinkqubo yakho efakwe ngaphambili.

Inkqubo yofakelo iya kufuna malunga ne-26 MB yendawo yasimahla kwi / boot. Sebenzisa lo myalelo ulandelayo ukumisela ubungakanani bendawo yasimahla kwindawo yokwahlulahlula / ukuqala:

df -h /boot

Ukuchonga iinkozo ezinokususwa ngokukhuselekileyo, sebenzisa oku kulandelayo kumgca wokuyalela:

curl -O 'http://skvidal.fedorapeople.org/misc/kernel-prune.py'

chmod a+x kernel-prune.py

./kernel-prune.py

Ngoku, ukususa iinguqulelo zekernel ezidweliswe ngumyalelo ongentla, sebenzisa oku njengengcambu:

PKGS='./kernel-prune.py'

echo $PKGS

yum remove $PKGS

Emva koko lungisa inani leebhloko zeefayile ezigciniweyo usebenzisa imiyalelo ye-tune2fs. Okokuqala, kuyakufuneka uchonge isixhobo esikwibhloko yenkqubo yefayile / yokuqalisa. Kulo mzekelo ulandelayo, / dev / sda1 sisixhobo sebhloko se-boot system.

mount | grep "/boot"

/ dev / sda1 kwi / boot uhlobo ext4 (rw)

Ngoku, lungelelanisa inani leebhloko ezigcinelwe i-boot inkqubo yenkqubo usebenzisa imiyalelo iitysibe. Ngokwesiqhelo, isixa esincinci sesahlulelo kwifomathi yefayile ye-ext 'sigcinelwe' kwaye sinokusetyenziswa kuphela ngumlawuli wenkqubo; Oku kukuphepha inkqubo engayi kuqalisa, kunye nokuvumela umlawuli indawo ethile yokusebenza ukuze acoce ngokupheleleyo izahlulelo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho nalinye kula matyala elisebenza ngokwenene kwi / booty systemy, ke ukususa le ndawo igciniweyo kukhuselekile.

tune2fs -r 0 /dev/sda1

Okokugqibela, zama ukususa iifayile ezingafunekiyo kwi / booty system. Oku kuya kuxhomekeka ikakhulu kwindlela inkqubo yakho emiswe ngayo.

Ukucima iifayile ezingalunganga kunokukhokelela kwinkqubo engazukuqala. Abanye abagqatswa ekususweni baquka / i-boot / efi y / i-boot / grub / isplash.xpm.gz.

Indlela yesi-2: Ukuqhatha ukulungiselela kwangaphambili ukukhuphela isifaki

Le ndlela ifuna ukuba unxibelelwano olunentambo kwi-Intanethi ngexesha lofakelo. Ukuba ukwimo engenazingcingo kwaye awunakho ukuqhagamshela usebenzisa intambo ye-Ethernet, kuyakufuneka usebenzise indlela 1 endaweni yoko.

Kwindawo yokuqala, fumana ukuba sisithuba esingakanani esifumanekayo kwi / booty systemystem. df ngumyalelo ofunekayo woku:

df /boot

Inkqubo yeefayile 1K-iibhloko ezisetyenzisiweyo eziSetyenzisiweyo eziSebenzisiweyo%
/ dev / sda1 198337 30543 157554 17% / boot

Kwindawo yesibini, Yenza ifayile ethatha indawo eyoneleyo yokulungiselela kwangaphambili ukugqiba ukuba inqanaba2 alinakufakelwa okwangoku. Ukulungiselela kwangaphambili kufuna malunga ne-120MB yomfanekiso wofakelo ke siza kuqinisekisa ukuba sinendawo engaphantsi kwe-100MB yendawo ekhoyo. Umzekelo, inkqubo yefayile, oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka sizalise i-60 MB. Nantsi indlela yokwenza njengengcambu:

dd if=/dev/zero of=/boot/preupgrade_filler bs=1024 count=61440

df /boot

Inkqubo yeefayile 1K-iibhloko ezisetyenzisiweyo eziSetyenzisiweyo eziSebenzisiweyo%
/ dev / sda1 198337 92224 95873 50% / boot

Kwindawo yesithathu, run preupgrade njengesiqhelo. Kumanqanaba okuqala, ngaphambi kokukhuphela iipakeji, ulungiselelo lwangaphambili kufuneka likuxelele ukuba akukho sithuba saneleyo sokukhuphela isifaki, kodwa ukuba unokukhuphela xa uqala inkqubo kwakhona ukuba unonxibelelwano olunentambo. Ungacofa uqhubeke. Xa ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kukulungele musa ukuqalisa kwakhona ngokukhawuleza. Endaweni yoko cima ifayile / i-boot / i-preupgrade_filler kwaye uqiniseke ukuba ikhompyuter yakho iqhagamshelwe kwinethiwekhi isebenzisa intambo ye-Ethernet. Emva koko unokuqalisa kwakhona inkqubo.

rm /boot/preupgrade_filler

Kwindawo yesine, Ikhompyuter kufuneka iqalise ukuseta inkqubo, iqhagamshele kwi-Intanethi ngentambo ye-Ethernet, kwaye uqalise ukukhuphela umfanekiso wesifaki2. Ke uhlaziyo kufuneka luqhubeke njengesiqhelo.

Uhlaziyo alufaki emva kokuqalisa kwakhona

Ingcaciso

Ukuba unesimo se-multiboot, imenyu yefayile esebenzisa i-GRUB / boot ingahluka kwimenyu eguqula ukulungiswa kwangaphambili / ukuqala. Kule meko, kuya kufuneka ufundise i-grub ukuba isebenzise ifayile ehambelanayo ukugqiba uhlaziyo kwi-boot. Ukuba oku akukwenziwanga, emva kokuba ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kugqityiwe ukukhuphela kunye nokufakela ifayile, akuyi kubakho utshintsho olubonakalayo kwi-boot. Inkqubo iya kuqalisa kwakhona kuhlobo lwangaphambili.

Ukuphucula iibhutsi nge-kernel yokuphucula njengenyathelo eliphakathi. Nje ukuba inkqubo iphuculwe, ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kubuyisela endaweni yokhetho lwexeshana lwekernel, kunye nenketho yokuphucula i-kernel. Ngamanye amagama, kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini ezenziwe kwi-bootloader: ukhetho lokuhlaziya okwethutyana, olulandelwa lukhetho olusisigxina kude kube luhlaziyo olulandelayo.

I-GRUB boot loader ingasetyenziselwa ukuqala kumgca wokuyalela, okanye ifayile / / boot / grub / imenu.lst inokulungiswa ukwenza ukhetho lwemenyu yokuqalisa (Umzekelo wesikrini somfanekiso we-GRUB) (Ngolwazi oluthe kratya kwi-GRUB, jonga incwadana yegrub).

Naluphi na ukhetho ngokubhekisele kwi-grub lunokusetyenziswa. Ukuqonda okungcono kwesihloko, oku kulandelayo kuchaza indlela yokwenza ngomgca wokuyalela kunye nokuhlela ifayile yemenyu.lst.

Nangona kunjalo, kuba uhlaziyo lufuna ukuqhutywa kube kanye kwaye uhlaziyo lwenkqubo luya kufuna ukuqala kwakhona, eyona ndlela isebenzayo mhlawumbi kukuqala ngokwenza uhlaziyo ngomgca wokuyalela wegrub, kube kanye Nje ukuba uhlaziyo lugqityiwe, yongeza ukhetho kwimenyu ye -ylst yokuhlaziya i-Fedora. Oku kuya kungqinelana ne indlela 1, amanyathelo 1-3, alandelwa yindlela 2, inyathelo 4.

ISIGABA 1: Ukuchonga indawo yokwahlula

Chonga ukuqhuba kunye nokwahlulahlula ulawulo lwakho lweFedora / boot. (Jonga iNgqungquthela yeGrub yokuNika iinkcukacha). Umzekelo, ukuba ufake iFedora ngokupheleleyo kwisahlulelo seshumi elinesine kwi-hard drive yesibini, / i-boot isengcambu (hd1, 13).

ISIGABA 2: Qalisa kwindawo yokwahlulahlula

Ekuqaliseni kwakhona, chwetheza "c" ukufaka isikhawulezisi segrub. Usebenzisa amanani afanelekileyo okuqhuba kunye nezahlulelo, chwetheza le miyalelo ilandelayo:

ingcambu (hd1,13)
kernel / boot / uphuculo / vmlinuz
Initrd /boot/upgrade/initrd.img
qalisa

Oku kuya kuqala ukufakela uhlaziyo.

ISIGABA 3: Khetha umfanekiso wofakelo

Ukufakwa kohlaziyo kuya kusungula incoko yencoko. Emva kokukhetha ulwimi kunye nohlobo lwekhibhodi, khetha i-hard drive yendlela yokufaka. Incoko yababini elandelayo iya kufuna ukwahlula kunye neenkcukacha zomgaqo ukusuka kumfanekiso wofakelo. Khetha ulwahlulo kwimenyu ehlayo. (Qaphela ukuba amanani aya kuqala kwisahlulelo segrub. Ngamanye amagama, ingcambu (hd1, 13) izakuvela njenge / dev / sdf14). Okokugqibela, ngenisa indawo yefayile yomfanekiso: / boot / upgrade/install.img.

Ufakelo luya kusebenza ngesiqhelo ngeli nqanaba. Emva kokugqiba uhlaziyo, kuya kufuneka ukuba uqalise inkqubo okanye uhlaziye ngesandla ngokufaka i-kernel entsha kunye neifayile ze-ititrd.img kwilayini yomyalelo wegrub, okanye ukongeza ukungena kwimenyu ye -lst. Eli nyathelo licacisiwe kwicandelo elilandelayo.

Indlela yesi-2: Guqula imenyu yeGRUB

Ngenye indlela yokufaka imiyalelo kwi-GRUB ngokukhawuleza emva kokuqalisa kwakhona, unokuhlela kwakhona imenyu ye-GRUB.lst ukufaka inketho eya kukuvumela ukuba ukhethe ukuqala kwenkqubo yokuphucula kwimenyu yokuqalisa ye-GRUB. Kuba uhlaziyo kufuneka luqhutywe kube kanye, emva kokuhlaziya kuyakufuneka uphinde uhlele imenyu.lst, susa ukhetho lokuhlaziya ukuqala kwimenyu, kwaye ukongeza ukungena kwebhokisi kwikernel entsha.

ISIGABA 1: Ukuchonga indawo yokwahlula

Chonga ukuqhuba kunye nokwahlulahlula ulawulo lwakho lweFedora / boot (Jonga iNgqungquthela yeGrub yokuNika iinkcukacha). Umzekelo, ukuba ufake iFedora ngokupheleleyo kwisahlulelo seshumi elinesine kwi-hard drive yesibini, / i-boot isengcambu (hd1, 13).

ISIGABA 2: Hlela imenyu

Fumana kwaye uvule ifayile / boot / grub / imenu.lst. Ukuba le fayile ikwelinye isahlulo, jonga iifayile kwi / kwimithombo yeendaba. Usebenzisa amanani afanelekileyo okuqhuba kunye nezahlulelo, bhala oku kulandelayo kwimenyu yefayile.

isihloko sokuphucula iFedora
ingcambu (hd,)
kernel / boot / uphuculo / vmlinuz
Initrd /boot/upgrade/initrd.img
okhuselekileyo
qalisa

Gcina ifayile kwaye uqalise kwakhona inkqubo. Khetha uhlaziyo lweFedora kwimenyu yokuqalisa yeGRUB.

ISIGABA 3: Khetha umfanekiso wofakelo

Ukufakwa kohlaziyo kuya kusungula incoko yencoko. Emva kokukhetha ulwimi kunye nohlobo lwekhibhodi, khetha i-hard drive yendlela yokufaka. Incoko yababini elandelayo iya kufuna ukwahlula kunye neenkcukacha zomfanekiso womfanekiso wofakelo. Khetha ulwahlulo kwimenyu ehlayo. (Qaphela ukuba amanani aya kuqala kwisahlulelo segrub. Ngamanye amagama, ingcambu (hd1, 13) izakuvela njenge / dev / sdf14).

Okokugqibela, ngenisa indawo yefayile yomfanekiso: / boot / upgrade/install.img. Ufakelo luya kusebenza ngesiqhelo ngeli nqanaba.

ISIGABA 4: Ukucoca i-Menu

Emva kokuba uhlaziyo lugqityiwe, kuyakufuneka ukuba uqalise inkqubo okanye uhlaziye ngesandla ngokufaka i-kernel entsha kunye neifayile ze-ititrd.img kwilayini yomyalelo we-grub, okanye ngokongeza ukungena kwimenyu yefayile.

Lo ulandelayo ngumzekelo wokungena kwegrub yeFedora Core 10, ebekwe kwizahlulo ezilishumi elinesine kwidrive yesibini.

isihloko Fedora Core 10 (kwi / dev / sdb14)
ingcambu (hd1,13)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.27.5-117.fc10.x86_64 ro ethe cwaka
initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.27.5-117.fc10.x86_64
okhuselekileyo
qalisa

Fumana i-kernel ehlaziyiweyo kunye neefayile ze-initrd, ezi zikwi / boot folda yesahlulo seFedora, kwaye wenze ungeniso ngesihloko esifanayo njengekernel kunye neefayile ze-initrd.

Okokugqibela, susa ukungena kohlaziyo lokuqalisa kwimenyu.

Imithombo: Ikhankanywe ngaphakathi kwinqaku;).