Uyikhusela njani i-GRUB ngegama eligqithisiweyo (Linux)

Sihlala sichitha ixesha lethu elininzi thintela ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga kumaqela ethu: silungiselela ii-firewall, iimvume zomsebenzisi, ii-ACL, senza iiphasiwedi ezinamandla, njl. kodwa kunqabile ukuba sikhumbule khusela ukuqala kwezixhobo zethu. Ukuba umntu unokufikelela emzimbeni kwikhompyuter, banokuyiqala kwakhona kwaye Guqula iiparamitha zeGRUB ukufumana ukufikelela komlawuli kwikhompyuter. Yongeza nje u '1' okanye 's' esiphelweni somgca weGRUB 'kernel' ukufumana olo hlobo lokufikelela.

Ukuthintela oku, unokukhusela i-GRUB ngokusebenzisa ipassword, ukuze ukuba ingaziwa, akunakwenzeka ukuba uguqule iiparameter.

Ukuba une-GRUB boot loader efakiweyo (exhaphake kakhulu ukuba usebenzisa ezona zisasazo zeLinux), unokukhusela ungeniso ngalunye kwimenyu yeGRUB ngegama eligqithisiweyo. Ngale ndlela, ngalo lonke ixesha ukhetha inkqubo yokusebenza ukuqala, iyakukucela iphasiwedi oyichazileyo ukuze uqalise inkqubo. Kwaye njengebhonasi, ukuba ikhompyuter yakho ibiwe, abangeneleli abayi kuba nakho ukufikelela kwiifayile zakho. Kuvakala kulungile, akunjalo?

IGRUB 2

Ngongeno ngalunye lweGrub, umsebenzisi unokusekwa kunye namalungelo okutshintsha iiparameter zokungeniswa ezibonakala njengeGRUB kuqaliso lwenkqubo, ngaphandle kwesuperer (leyo ikwaziyo ukuguqula iGrub ngokucinezela iqhosha elithi "e"). Siza kwenza oku kwifayile /etc/grub.d/00_header. Sivula ifayile kunye nomhleli wethu owuthandayo:

Isudo nano /etc/grub.d/00_header

Ekugqibeleni uncamathisela oku kulandelayo:

ikati < EOF
seta abasebenzisi abakhulu=”umsebenzisi1″
Iphasiwedi yomsebenzisi1 iphasiwedi1
EOF

Apho umsebenzisi1 ngoyena mkhulu, umzekelo:

ikati < EOF
seta abasebenzisi abakhulu = "superuser"
iphasiwedi yomsebenzisi ophezulu 123456
EOF

Ukwenza abasebenzisi abaninzi, bongeze apha ngezantsi:

iphasiwedi yomsebenzisi ophezulu 123456

Ingakhangeleka ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

ikati < EOF
seta abasebenzisi abakhulu = "i-superuser"
iphasiwedi yomsebenzisi ophezulu 123456
Umsebenzisi wegama eligqithisiweyo2 7890
EOF

Nje ukuba simisele abasebenzisi esifunayo, sigcina utshintsho.

Khusela iiWindows 

Ukukhusela iWindows, kuya kufuneka uhlele ifayile /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober.

Isudo nano /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober

Khangela umgca wekhowudi othi:

uluhlu lweemenyu "$ {LONGNAME} (nge $ {DEVICE})" {

Kufuneka ijongeke ngolu hlobo (i-superuser ligama le-superuser):

uluhlu lweemenyu "$ {LONGNAME} (nge $ {DEVICE})" –users superuser {

 
Gcina utshintsho kwaye usebenze:

sudo update-grub

Ndavula ifayile / boot / grub / grub.cfg:

Isudo nano / boot/grub/grub.cfg

Kuphi ukungena kweWindows (into enje):

Uluhlu lwemenyu "iWindows XP Professional" {

tshintsha kule (umsebenzisi2 ligama lomsebenzisi elinamalungelo okufikelela):

imenyu yokutya "Windows XP Professional" - abasebenzisi 2

Qalisa kwakhona kwaye uhambe. Ngoku, xa uzama ukungena kwiWindows iya kukubuza iphasiwedi. Ukuba ucinezela iqhosha u- "e", liya kucela igama eligqithisiweyo.

Khusela iLinux

Ukukhusela ukungena kwe-Linux kernel hlela ifayile /etc/grub.d/10_linux, kwaye ujonge umgca othi:

uluhlu lweemenyu "$ 1" {

Ukuba ufuna umphathi omkhulu abe nakho ukufikelela kuyo, kufanele ukuba ibonakale ngoluhlobo:

uluhlu lweemenyu "$ 1" –abasebenzisi abasebenzisi1 {

Ukuba ufuna umsebenzisi wesibini akwazi ukufikelela:

uluhlu lweemenyu "$ 1" –abasebenzisi user2 {

Unokukhusela kwakhona ukungena kwimemori yokujonga ngokuhlela /etc/grub.d/20_memtest fayile:

imenyu "Uvavanyo lwenkumbulo (memtest86 +)" -users superuser

Khusela onke amangenelo

Ukukhusela onke amangenelo asebenzayo:

Isudo sed -i -e '/ ^ menuentry / s / {/ –users superuser {/' /etc/grub.d/10_linux /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober / njl / igrub.d / 40_isiko

Ukulungisa le nyathelo, sebenzisa:

Isudo sed -i -e '/ ^ menuentry / s / –users superuser [/ B] {/ {/' /etc/grub.d/10_linux /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ /etc/grub.d/30_os- uphando /etc/grub.d/40_custom

GRUB

Masiqale ngokuvula imeko yeGRUB. Ndavula isiphelo sendlela ndabhala:

grub

Emva koko, ndingenise lo myalelo ulandelayo:

mzantsiem5

Iya kukubuza ngegama eligqithisiweyo ofuna ukulisebenzisa. Chwetheza kunye ne-perison Ngena. Uya kufumana iphasiwedi ene-encrypted, ekufuneka uyigcine ngononophelo olukhulu. Ngoku, ngemvume yomlawuli, ndavula ifayile / / boot / grub / imenu.lst kunye nomhleli wombhalo owuthandayo:

Isudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

Ukubeka ipassword kwimenyu ye-GRUB oyikhethileyo, kuya kufuneka ukongeza oku kulandelayo kumangenelo ofuna ukukhusela kuwo:

iphasiwedi -md5 my_password

Apho igama lam_ eligqithisiweyo linokuba (liguqulelwe) iphasiwedi ebuyiswe ngumdccrypt: Ngaphambi:

isihloko Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.8.1-2-386 (imowudi yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo)
ingcambu (hd1,2)
kernel / boot/vmlinuz-2.6.8.1-2-386 ingcambu = / dev / hdb3 ro eyodwa
Initrd / boot/initrd.img-2.6.8.1-2-386

Emva:

isihloko Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.8.1-2-386 (imowudi yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo)
ingcambu (hd1,2)
kernel / boot/vmlinuz-2.6.8.1-2-386 ingcambu = / dev / hdb3 ro eyodwa
Initrd / boot/initrd.img-2.6.8.1-2-386
password –md5 $1$w7Epf0$vX6rxpozznLAVxZGkcFcs

Gcina ifayile kwaye uqalise kwakhona. Kulula oko! Ukuthintela, kungekuphela ukuba umntu okhohlakeleyo angatshintsha iiparameter zongeno olukhuselweyo, kodwa akakwazi nokuqala le nkqubo, ungongeza umgca kulangeniso "olukhuselweyo", emva kwesihloko sepharamitha. Ukulandela umzekelo wethu, kuya kujongeka njengoku:

isihloko Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.8.1-2-386 (imowudi yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo)
tshixa
ingcambu (hd1,2)
kernel / boot/vmlinuz-2.6.8.1-2-386 ingcambu = / dev / hdb3 ro eyodwa
Initrd / boot/initrd.img-2.6.8.1-2-386
password –md5 $1$w7Epf0$vX6rxpozznLAVxZGkcFcs

Ngexesha elizayo xa umntu efuna ukuqala le nkqubo, kuya kufuneka angene ngegama eligqithisiweyo.

Umthombo: I-Delanover & Imakeuseof & Iiforum zobuntu & Umphuhlisi we-Elavdeveloper