Uyazi njani ukuba i-hard drive yakho iza "kufa" uyihlalutye nge-fsck kunye nokwenza i-backups ngomyalelo we-tar

I-hard drives ngamalungu eekhompyuter zethu kwaye njengayo yonke into kweli hlabathi ngaxa lithile ubomi babo obuluncedo buya kuphela, kungoko kubalulekile ukwenza iikopi zogcino rhoqo lwedatha yethu kwaye ngakumbi kuba asazi ukuba kuya kwenzeka nini kwaye siya kulahlekelwa. ulwazi; Kwakhona akukho lula ukuqikelela xa i-hard drive yethu iya kusilela, kodwa ukuba sinikela ingqalelo kwiimpawu ezithile sinokuthatha amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukuze siphephe ukuphulukana nolwazi.

Ezinye zezo mpawu endikuxelela zona zezi zilandelayo:

Iingxolo ezingaqhelekanga.

Iikhompyuter zethu, nokuba zithe cwaka kangakanani na, ziya kuhlala zisenza ingxolo ngenxa yayo yonke into eyenzekayo ngaphakathi kwetyala, kodwa ngokubanzi ziyingxolo esiyaziyo kwaye sinokuyichonga “njengesiqhelo.”

Ngoko ukuba siva ingxolo engaqhelekanga sinokuqalisa ukuxhalaba, ekubeni kusenokwenzeka ukuba abanye babo iintloko hard drive zonakele. Enye into enokwenzeka kukuba i-motor ejikeleza iidiski ayisebenzi ngendlela efanele ngayo. Ngoko ke kufuneka silumke ukuba ezi ngxolo zixhaphakile kwaye zenzeka ngesantya esiphezulu, mhlawumbi sinexesha elincinane eliseleyo kunokuba sicinga.

Ukunyamalala koLwazi.

Olona phawu lubalulekileyo lusinika olona phawu lucacileyo lokuba kukho into engalunganga kuxa sinengxaki xa sifika gcina amaxwebhu kwaye uwavule. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba amaxwebhu esiwagcine kwiintsuku ezidlulileyo angabi safunyanwa kwaye kusenokubonakala ngathi asizange siwagcine. Into elandelayo esinokudibana nayo kukuba ngamanye amaxesha inkqubo ebisebenza ngokwesiqhelo iyayeka ukusebenza ngobusuku. Ezinye iintsholongwane okanye iintsholongwane zinokuba ngunobangela, kodwa hayi rhoqo; eyona nto ingcono yenza ukhuphelo yedatha esingathanda ukuyigcina kwaye siyiphonononge ngokupheleleyo ukulawula zonke izizathu ezinokwenzeka.

Ikhompyuter yethu ayiqapheli nayiphi na idisk drive.

Ngamanye amaxesha ikhomputha yethu ayikwazi ukufumana i-disk drive efakwe kuyo, ngamanye amaxesha unobangela ophambili unokuba kwi-disk drive ngokwayo kwaye ingabi kwelinye icandelo, kodwa oku akusoloko kunjalo, eyona nto sinokuyenza kukuba. faka idisk drive kwenye ikhompyuter kwaye ngaloo ndlela ukhuphe ukuba ingxaki ikhona okanye kwelinye icandelo.

Ikhompyuter yethu iyawohloka rhoqo.

Ukuba siye sabona ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunesiqhelo indlela ikhomputha yethu ephazamiseka ngayo okanye iqalise kwakhona okanye ivale ngelixa siphakathi kwenkqubo, luphawu lokuba kukho into engalunganga kwaye kufuneka sithathe inyathelo kulo mbandela ngaphambi kokuba sishiywe lixesha. , Kwaye eyona nto inokwenzeka ngayo yonke into echitha ixesha lethu kukuba unobangela wayo yonke into ikwidisk drive yethu.

Amaxesha okufikelela acotha kakhulu.

Enye isalathisi ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukuba i-hard drive yethu iyasilela kuxa sizama ukufikelela kumhloli wethu wefayile kwaye ixesha elithathayo ukufikelela kuyo lingunaphakade okanye xa sizama ukufikelela kwinkunkuma yethu kwaye kuthatha ngonaphakade ukuyikhupha, kunokwenzeka ukuba ngexesha leenyanga enye okanye ezimbini kuya kufuneka ukuba sitshintshe i-hard drive yethu. Kwaye ungalibali, kungcono ukuhlala unekopi yokugcina ukuphepha iingxaki ezingaphezulu.

Sinokwenza uvavanyo lwempilo ye-hard drive usebenzisa umyalelo fsck kodwa kufuneka silumke kuba ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko lwedatha ekwidiski, ayicebisi ukuqalisa fsck kwisahlulelo esinyusiweyo, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza phambi kokusebenzisa lo myalelo kukuthoba isahlulelo phambi kokuphumeza.

Ukwenza i-fsck kwi-reboot elandelayo kufuneka siphumeze umyalelo Cima kwaye songeza i-f parameter:

ukuvala -r -F ngoku

Singenza kwakhona ifayile yifuman ngqo kwingcambu yenkqubo:

Bamba/forcefsck

Xa inkqubo iqalisa kwakhona i-hard drive iya kuhlalutywa kwaye ifayile ye-/forcefsck iya kususwa.

Ke ukuba ufuna ukugcina ulwazi lwakho, indlela elula yokuyenza ngesandla kukusebenzisa umyalelo ithala apho ifayile ecinezelweyo iyakwenziwa kwaye kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa.

Le sisintaksi esiya kusebenzisa ngayo umyalelo wetar:

tar [iiparamitha]

Le yeyona misebenzi isetyenziswa kakhulu ngomyalelo wetar:

-z: ukucinezela iifayile usebenzisa i-gzip

-c: ukwenza ifayile

-v: Imo yeVerbose. (Isibonisa inkqubela ngelixa ifayile isenziwa)

-f: Ukumisela igama lefayile

-p ivumela ukuba sigcine iimvume zefayile

-x ukukhupha ifayile

Ngoku, masihambe ngomzekelo sisebenzisa umyalelo wetar

Ukuba sifuna ukucinezela uvimba weefayili ngokupheleleyo siza kusebenzisa oku kulandelayo:

tar -zcvf backup-home.tar.gz /home/*  

Ukusebenzisa lo myalelo kwenza ugcino lwazo zonke iifayile ezifunyenwe kulawulo lwasekhaya.

Kodwa ukuba into esiyifunayo kukwenza ugcino olupheleleyo lwenkqubo, esinokuthi ngalo sigcine iinkqubo, idatha, ulungelelwaniso, njl.njl., ukuze sikwazi ukubuyisela yonke into esinayo kwikhompyuter yethu xa ilahleko iyonke, kufuneka siphumeze. ezilandelayo:

tar cvpzf /backup-full.tar.gz –exclude=/proc –exclude=/ilahlekile+ifunyenwe –ngaphandle=/backup-full.tar.gz –exclude=/mnt –exclude=/sys –exclude=dev/pts/

"Okungabandakanyiyo" okungaphakathi komyalelo kukungabandakanyi abalawuli abangabalulekanga kwaye inkqubo ithatha iifayile eziguquguqukayo, eziza kubangela iingxaki kwaye zivelise iimpazamo xa sisenza i-backup.

Buyisela ii-backups:

Xa sisiya kubuyisela ugcino, siya kusebenzisa -x umyalelo

Ngalo myalelo imixholo kulawulo lwangoku iyakhutshelwa, igcina iimvume (-p).

tar -zxvpf /fullbackup.tar.gz

Ukuba asifuni ukugcina iimvume kodwa sikhuphe kuphela imixholo kuluhlu lwangoku siya kusebenzisa lo myalelo.

tar -zxvf backup-home.tar.gz

Ukukhupha iifayile eziqulethwe kwi /home

tar -zxvf backup-home.tar.gz /home