Yakha iserveralization elula ngeKhompyuter enezixhobo ezisezantsi-Icandelo 1

Ngokuqinisekileyo lukhona uncwadi oluninzi malunga nalo Virtualbox ukwakha elula okanye eyomeleleyo Iinkonzo zoLwazi, kodwa amaxesha ngamaxesha azisikhokeleli ngqo kwinqanaba kwezona ndlela zinokusebenziseka kunye nokucaciswa kwazo kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa kokwenyani, oko kukuthi, sihlala sifumana ulwazi oluninzi kodwa singalungelelaniswanga neemfuno zabaninzi ngakumbi ii-novice okanye abaqalayo indawo.

Ngapha koko, ndikushiyela amava am kule posi ngesihloko:

Kuqala ndikushiya Iimpawu zobugcisa del Ikhompyuter enezixhobo eziphantsi isetyenzisiwe:

hardware:

• Ikhompyutha yeClone: Ijeneric
• Ibhodi yomama: I-AsRock Conroe 1333-D667 enesitishi esiBini
• Inkqubo: Intel (R) Pentium (R) Dual CPU E2140 @ 1.60GHz
• Imemori: 2 GB (I-Ramaxel 1GB 1RX8 PC2-6400U-666 LF / ICorsair VS1GB533D2)
• Eyona nto iphambili kwi-hard drive (320 GB): Isamsung HD322HJ
• I-hard drive yesibini (i-500 GB): Inkcazo: WDC WD5000AAKC-001CAD
• Ikhadi elingenantambo: D-Ikhonkco (RaLink RT2561 / RT61 Rev. B - 802.11g)
• Ikhadi lemifanekiso: INVIDIA GT218 [iGeForce 210]

Qaphela: Eyona nto ifanelekileyo kukuba nayo Umncedisi one-4GB ye-RAM Ngezi njongo, nangona kunjalo, kule meko ndiziqhelanisa ne (1) GB ye-RAM Singamenzela njalo Umncedisi womzimba y 1 GB ye RAM enye Umatshini oSebenzayo (MV) en I-VirtualBox (VBox) Ukulinganisa nayiphi na Inkqubo yokusebenza ye-GNU / Linux o MS yeWindows kwiinguqulelo ze 32 Bits Kwanele.

software:

• OS: Uvavanyo lwe-DEBIAN (9 / Stretch)

Iqonga lokusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo:

• Iplatifomu yokuQiniseka: VirtualBox 5.0.14

Okokuqala, kubachwephesha abambalwa esiza kuphonononga ngokufutshane malunga nomxholo woBuchule:

1.- Intshayelelo kubuGcisa:

Ixesha ledinga elingagqibekanga Umlawuli weServer / weNkqubo / weNethiwekhi (SysAdmin), iiNgcali zeNkxaso yeTekhnoloji ePhambili okanye uMdlamli weTekhnoloji, ngakumbi kwiSoftware yasimahla kunye neNdawo yeNkqubo yokuSebenza ye-GNU / Linux kufanele ukuba ihlaziywe kutshintsho ezahlukeneyo Iinkqubo zokusebenza kunye neenkqubo ziyafumaneka kwintengiso okanye kuluntu. Ngakumbi ukuba ube usesikhathini kunye ne ubuchule kunye / okanye iinkqubo ziyimfuneko kubo ukuze phucula umkhiqizo kwi Amaziko - Iinkampani (zikaRhulumente / zaBucala) apho enza khona imisebenzi yakhe kunye nokuququzelela ukwenziwa komsebenzi wakhe.

Enye yeetekhnoloji eziququzelela le njongo yile UkuSebenza kweeNkqubo eziSebenzayo, Esisiseko esivumela ukuba sabelane kwiKhompyuter / kwiSeva (Hardware) efanayo Iinkqubo zokusebenza isebenza ngokuzimeleyo. Konke oku kusetyenziswa Isoftware yokujonga izinto.

Emva koko siya kuqhuba Uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha yokusebenza kwale teknoloji. Amanye amanqaku ekuza kuxoxwa ngawo zezi izinto eziluncedo nezingalunganga usebenzisa le teknoloji, uhlalutyo lwe ezona zinto zibalaseleyo zomzuzu kubasebenzisi kunye neenkampani, phakathi kwabanye. Ukuqonda ngeziphumo, njengamandla e Inkqubo yokuSebenza eyiyo inokulingana okanye iphakame nangaphezulu kunaleyo Inkqubo yokusebenza Yinyani.

2.- kwiNkqubo yokuSebenza (OS):

Njengakwezinye iinkalo zolwazi lomntu, Itekhnoloji yoLwazi (IT) iyanda ngokukhawuleza, kangangokuba amaxesha amaninzi akukho xesha lokwamkela zonke iikhonsepthi ezintsha ezinikezelwa mihla le. Ke imodeli ye Ulawulo lweNkqubo ngenxa Abalawuli be-IT ifikelela Abasebenzisi (iMedia / uPhuculo) kwisandla sikaYehova UkuSebenza kweeNkqubo eziSebenzayo. Ukunyanzeliswa ingathetha izinto ezininzi, kodwa inxulumene Iinkqubo zokusebenza, ngokusisiseko iquka ukukwazi yabelana ngezixhobo ezifanayo zehardware ezahlukeneyo Iinkqubo zokusebenza isebenza ngokupheleleyo ezizimeleyo. Oko kukuthi, ukuba neServer efanayo, ngokufanayo Ihard drive okanye izixhobo zokugcina, ezinye) Iprosesa (s) kunye nomthamo ofakiweyo we Imemori ye-RAM (umzekelo, kwaye ngaphandle kokukhankanya ezinye izinto zekhompyutha eziyenzileyo), sinokuba nofakelo oluninzi lwe IiNkqubo zokuSebenza zaBucala ze-MS Windows, iApple, okanye Mahala njengaye GNU / Linux okanye abanye, ebaleka ngokungqinelana, ezimeleyo ngokupheleleyo omnye komnye. Ukuba enye yazo iyema (iba ngumkhenkce) okanye inengxaki, ezinye aziyazi kwaye zinokuphinda zisebenzise izixhobo ezinesantya esiza kukhululwa.

3.- Izibonelelo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga ze-OS Virtualization

Ukusetyenziswa kunye nezibonelelo ezinikezelwa yi Ubuchule be-OS Zizo zilandelayo:

• Ukonga iindleko
• Ukuhambelana kwenkqubo
• Cloning kunye nenkqubo eshushu yokufuduka
• Iindawo zovavanyo
• Ukubekwa wedwa kunye nokhuseleko
• Ukuba bhetyebhetye kunye nokuqina

La Ubuchule be-OS Inamanqaku athathaka ukubalaselisa:

• Ukusebenza okuphantsi
• Ukusikelwa umda kwezixhobo
• Ukwanda koomatshini abasebenzayo
• Inkunkuma yezixhobo
• Ukubekwa koomatshini kwindawo enye
• Ukuphatheka ngokulinganiselweyo phakathi kwezinto ezibonakalayo

4.- Ihypervisor njengeqonga lokwenyani:

Isiphathamandla ó Ukujonga uMatshini oBonakalayo (VMM) liqonga lembonakalo evumela ukusebenzisa, ngaxeshanye, iiNkqubo eziSebenzayo kwiKhompyuter (iServer).

Abaxhasi Banokuhlelwa ngokweendidi ezimbini:

Uhlobo lwe-1 (yesiNtu, engenanto): Isoftware eqhuba ngokuthe ngqo kwizixhobo zokwenyani zekhompyuter yokulawula iiHardware kunye nokubeka iliso kwi-OS ebonakalayo. IiNkqubo eziNziweyo zibaleka kwelinye inqanaba ngaphezulu kweHypervisor

Umzobo wokumelwa kokuqinisekileyo wohlobo lwe-1 Hypervisor

Ezinye ze Chwetheza ii-hypervisors ezi-1 ezaziwa kakhulu zezi zilandelayo:

1. VMware: ESX / ESXi / ESXi Simahla.
2. Xen. 
3. ICitrix XenServer. 
4. IMicrosoft Hyper-V Server.

Chwetheza 2 (Ibanjiwe): Isicelo esisebenza kwi-OS yesiqhelo (iLinux, Windows, Mac OS) yokwenza iinkqubo zibe nokwenzeka. Ngale ndlela, ubuchule bokubonakalayo buvela kumaleko okude kude neHardware ukuba siyithelekisa nohlobo 1 lweehypervisors.

Umzobo wokumelwa kokuqinisekileyo wohlobo lwe-2 Hypervisor

Ezinye ze Chwetheza ii-hypervisors ezi-2 ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zezi zilandelayo:

1. Ilanga: I-VirtualBox, i-VirtualBox OSE.
2. VMware: Indawo yokusebenzela, iseva, umdlali.
3. IMicrosoft: I-PC eyiyo, iseva eyiyo.

Ikhompyuter kunye neNkqubo yokuSebenza eyiNdalo (Ngaphandle kokuNxibelelana)

Ikhompyuter eneNkqubo yokuSebenza kunye nokuNxibelelana nge Uhlobo lwe-1 Hypervisor

Ikhompyuter eneNkqubo yokuSebenza kunye nokuNxibelelana nge Uhlobo lwe-2 Hypervisor

5.- Imbali ye Ubuchule be-OS :

Ukunyanzelwa ayisososihloko sitsha kwikhompyuter, enyanisweni kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba bekukho malunga neminyaka emine okanye emihlanu. Ngelo xesha kude kube yiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo ibifakwa kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo, phantse kuphela kumaziko amakhulu ekhompyuter, kokubini okubhankisha, ezomkhosi kunye neyunivesithi.

Ixesha elingaphezulu, itekhnoloji ephuculwe ngokuxhuma kunye nemida kwaye yasasazeka, yabangela ukusetyenziswa kweeSupercomputer kunye neeMainframes ukuba zinciphe ngenxa yokufika kweeSeva zoShishino kunye neeKhompyuter eziSebenza ngokuPhezulu ezenze ukuba umxholo wokufikelela ngaxeshanye izibonelelo zekhompyuter enye ziya kutshabalala, zinike isiphumo sokugqibela kwixesha elidlulileyo legolide lobuchwephesha.

Okwangoku, ubuchule bokubona bufikelele kumagumbi eSeva ngendlela ehlaziyiweyo enkosi kubuchwephesha obutsha beHardware kunye neSoftware Virtualization, kwaye iKhompyuter yeDesktop ifikile, ethe yaphinda yandisa ukuthandwa kwayo kwakhona, ibangela ukuba ibe obunye bobuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bomzuzu ngenxa yeenzuzo ezibonakalayo zesicelo sayo.

Kukho ii-teknoloji ezi-2 eziphambili kule ndawo:

INTEL: Itekhnoloji eyilelwe yaza yaphunyezwa yi-Intel, kwaye ibandakanyiwe phakathi kunye nakwiiprosesa zokugqibela eziphezulu yi-Intel VT (i-Virtualization Technology). I-Intel yazisa ngezincedisi kwiiprosesa zayo ze-x86 (VT-x) kunye ne-Itanium (VT-i).

AMD: Ngokwenxalenye yayo, i-AMD inetekhnoloji ehambelana naleyo ye-Intel ebizwa ngokuba yi-AMD-V okanye i-AMD-SVM (ekuqaleni phantsi kwegama lePacifica) ekwabandakanya iiprosesa eziphakathi kunye neeprosesa zokugqibela eziphezulu kwiinkqubo zayo.

Yomibini le migangatho iphantse yafana kwaye iyalingana ngokubhekisele ekusebenzeni okunikezelwa kwisisombululo seSoftware yokuSebenzisa efuna ukusebenzisa iimpawu zazo.

6.- Isishwankathelo:

La Ubunyani sisiphumo sokutsala izixhobo zekhompyuter, Oko kukuthi, ukubonelela ngokufikelelekayo kwezixhobo ezibonakalayoKe ngoko, ubunyani boqobo olusebenzayo bohlula isicelo senkonzo ethile kunye nezixhobo ezibonakalayo ezibonelela ngenkonzo. Kwaye kuxhomekeke kubutyebi obukhutshiweyo, nokuba kububutyebi bodwa (iCandelo lokuGcina, iCandelo leNethiwekhi) okanye iqonga (iServer, i-PC) kwaye ngubani osetyenziswayo, iya kuhambelana nemodeli ethile yokubona.

Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukubahlula ukuze baqonde ngokucacileyo ngakumbi kokubonakalayo phakathi kweekhonsepthi ezimbini ezinje ngesixhobo esibonisiweyo esitsalwayo kunye nequmrhu (usetyenziso, inkqubo yokusebenza, umatshini, phakathi kwabanye), kuba yile nto isinika imodeli yokufezekisa.

Ngayo yonke le nto engqondweni, sinako ukwahlula phakathi kweemodeli ezine eziphambili zokwenza izinto:

Ubume beplatform

• Iinkqubo zokusebenza kweendwendwe
• Ukulinganisa
• Ubungqina obupheleleyo
• Ukucwangciswa kweparavirtualization
• Inqanaba le-OS
• Inqanaba lenqanaba leKernel

Ukuboniswa kwezixhobo

• Encapsulation
• Inkumbulo esemagqabini
• Ukugcinwa kokubonakalayo
• Ukubonwa kwenethiwekhi
• Ujongano lweeNethiwekhi eziDibeneyo (i-Ethernet Bonding)
• Igalelo / Iziphumo zoGwenxa
• Ubungqina bememori

Ubungqina besicelo

• Ukusetyenziswa okulinganiselweyo
• Gcwalisa ukusetyenziswa kwesicelo

Ubungqina beDesktop

7.- Ukujuliswa kwesihloko kusebenziso lweeNkqubo eziSebenzayo:

Kwaye kuba akusoloko kwanele ukufunda iimakhishithi zedatha yemveliso, kukwayimfuneko ukuba sikwazi ukwenza uvavanyo kwifayile yethu «Indawo yokusebenzela u Ikhaya " Ukuzibonela ngokwakho ukuba izinto zisebenza njani malunga nokubona, kwinxalenye 2 yale post ndiza kukuxelela ngamava am obuqu Ukufakwa kunye nokucwangciswa kwesoftware yeVirtualBox 5.0.14 kwi-DEBIAN 9 kwikhompyuter enezixhobo eziphantsi.