Yakha iServer elula ngeKhompyutha enezixhobo ezisezantsi

Ngokuqinisekileyo lukhona uncwadi oluninzi malunga nalo Samba ukwakha elula okanye eyomeleleyo Iiseva zokugcina, kodwa amaxesha ngamaxesha azisikhokeleli ngqo kwinqanaba kwezona ndlela zinokusebenziseka kunye nokucaciswa kwazo kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa kokwenyani, oko kukuthi, sihlala sifumana ulwazi oluninzi kodwa singalungelelaniswanga neemfuno zabaninzi ngakumbi ii-novice okanye abaqalayo indawo.

Ngapha koko, ndikushiyela amava am kule posi ngesihloko:

Kuqala ndikushiyela iinkcukacha zobuchwephesha zekhompyuter enezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo:

hardware:

• Ikhompyutha yeClone: Ijeneric
• Ibhodi yomama: I-AsRock Conroe 1333-D667 enesitishi esiBini
• Inkqubo: Intel (R) Pentium (R) Dual CPU E2140 @ 1.60GHz
• Imemori: 2 GB (I-Ramaxel 1GB 1RX8 PC2-6400U-666 LF / ICorsair VS1GB533D2)
• Eyona nto iphambili kwi-hard drive (320 GB): Isamsung HD322HJ
• I-hard drive yesibini (i-500 GB): Inkcazo: WDC WD5000AAKC-001CAD
• Ikhadi elingenantambo: D-Ikhonkco (RaLink RT2561 / RT61 Rev. B - 802.11g)
• Ikhadi lemifanekiso: INVIDIA GT218 [iGeForce 210]

software:

• OS: Uvavanyo lwe-DEBIAN (9 / Stretch)
• Iplatifomu yokuQiniseka: VirtualBox 5.0.14

Ke ndiye ndaqhubeka nokufaka kunye nokumisela iphakheji ye-samba kwiServer yam encinci yentombazana Inethiwekhi ye-LAN zenziwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1- faka i-samba ngomyalelo wokuyalela:

aptitude install samba samba-common smbclient samba-doc smbfs winbind

2.- Ndiye ndaqhubeka nokuxhasa ubumbeko lwe-samba emiselweyo kwifayile yoqwalaselo smb.conf ngomyalelo wokuyalela:

cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.bck

1. Emva koko hlela ifayile yoqwalaselo kunye nomhleli wokhetho lwam ngomyalelo wokuyalela:

vi /etc/samba/smb.conf

Ukuyishiya ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

#======================= Global Settings =======================

[global]

## Browsing/Identification ###

workgroup = WORKGROUP
dns proxy = no
; wins support = no
; wins server = w.x.y.z
; server string = %h server
; name resolve order = lmhosts host wins bcast

#### Networking ####

; interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0
; bind interfaces only = yes

#### Debugging/Accounting ####

log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
max log size = 1000
syslog = 0
panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d
; syslog only = no

####### Authentication #######

server role = standalone server
passdb backend = tdbsam
obey pam restrictions = yes
unix password sync = yes
passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .
pam password change = yes
map to guest = bad user
security = user
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
; encrypt passwords = true

########## Domains ###########

; server role = primary classic domain controller
; server role = backup domain controller
; server role = domain logons
; logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U
; logon path = \\%N\%U\profile
; logon drive = H:
; logon home = \\%N\%U
; logon script = logon.cmd
; add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password --gecos "" %u
; add machine script  = /usr/sbin/useradd -g machines -c "%u machine account" -d /var/lib/samba -s /bin/false %u
; add group script = /usr/sbin/addgroup --force-badname %g
; domain logons = yes

############ Misc ############

usershare allow guests = yes
; usershare max shares = 100
; include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m
; domain master = auto
; idmap uid = 10000-20000
; idmap gid = 10000-20000
; template shell = /bin/bash
; winbind enum groups = yes
; winbind enum users = yes
; usershare max shares = 100
; SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192
; socket options = TCP_NODELAY
; message command = /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/linpopup "%f" "%m" %s; rm %s' &


#======================= Share Definitions =======================

[homes]

comment = Home Directories
browseable = no
read only = yes
create mask = 0700
directory mask = 0700
valid users = %S

; [netlogon]

; comment = Network Logon Service
; path = /home/samba/netlogon
; guest ok = yes
; read only = yes

; [profiles]

; comment = Users profiles
; path = /home/samba/profiles
; guest ok = no
; browseable = no
; create mask = 0600
; directory mask = 0700

[printers]

comment = All Printers
browseable = no
path = /var/spool/samba
printable = yes
guest ok = no
read only = yes
create mask = 0700

[print$]

comment = Printer Drivers
path = /var/lib/samba/printers
browseable = yes
read only = yes
guest ok = no
; write list = root, @lpadmin

; [cdrom]
; comment = Samba server's CD-ROM
; read only = yes
; locking = no
; path = /cdrom
; guest ok = yes
; /dev/scd0   /cdrom  iso9660 defaults,noauto,ro,user   0 0
; preexec = /bin/mount /cdrom
; postexec = /bin/umount /cdrom

# EJEMPLO DE RECURSO COMPARTIDO

[RECURSO_COMPARTIDO]

comment = Servidor Disco Duro 500 GB
path = /media/usuario-sysadmin/RESPALDO
writeable = yes
browseable = yes
public = yes
valid users = usuario_samba
create mask = 0755
directory mask = 0755
guest ok = no
; read only = no
; write list = usuario_samba
; force group = usuario_samba
; hide dot files = yes
; guest only = yes
; guest account = nobody
; delete veto files = yes
; veto files = /*.exe/*.com/*.dll/*.mp3/*.avi/*.mkv/*.msi/*.mpg/*.wmv/*.wma

Njengoko bendikuxelele, kwi-Intanethi kukho ulwazi oluninzi malunga nesamba kwaye ukhetho ngalunye kufuneka luqwalaselwe ngaphakathi kwefayile ye-smb.conf, engeyiyo injongo yolu papasho. Nangona kunjalo, ndikushiyela la makhonkco ambalwa ngalo mbandela:

• IPHEPHA LASAMBA SAMBA Y ISAHLUKO KWI-SMB.CONF PARAMETERS
• Qhagamshela 1
• Qhagamshela 2
• Qhagamshela 3

Ndaye ke ndenza i samba umsebenzisi "samba_user" ngaphakathi kum Umncedisi weSamba, endandiqhele ukwenza njalo lawula (lawula) izixhobo ekwabelwana ngazo ngokude kwezinye iikhompyuter kunye I-GNU / Linux kunye neMS yeWindows.  Kwimeko yam ethile andizukusebenzela ukwabelana Iifolda kodwa ngokupheleleyo my Hard Disk yesibini ye 500 GB. Ngesi sizathu, ndifuna ukuba le diski inyuswe ngokuzenzekelayo xa iserver iqala, nangaphandle kokulayisha ujongano lomzobo, ndiye ke ndenza le nkqubo ilandelayo:

Ukunyusa isigxina Ihard drive enzima 500GB ngaphakathi Inkqubo yokusebenza Umncedisi

a) Qinisekisa (ndithathele ingqalelo) indawo yentaba kunye nefolda yendawo apho wam Inkqubo yokusebenza inyuse i-500GB yeDrayivu eNzima ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngaphandle koko, bekunokwenzeka ukuba wenze ifolda apho unganyusa khona izixhobo zasekhaya ukuze wabelane, ngomyalelo: mkdir -p / echongiweyo_indlela / echongiweyo_folder kwaye emva koko unike umsebenzisi imvume kum oyena msebenzisi ubalulekileyo weServer ebizwa ngokuba "Umsebenzisi-sysadmin".

b) Hlela ifayile fstab ngomyalelo wokuyalela "Nano / njl / fstab" kwaye ufake lo mgca wendibano ulandelayo:

/ dev / sdb1 / media / umsebenzisi-sysadmin / BACKUP / ntfs-3g rw, user_id = 1000, group_id = 1000

Qaphela: Sebenzisa "Ntfs-3g" kuba idiski yam ifomathiwe kwi NTFS. Unokongeza okanye hayi ukhetho auto yomgca wendibano kwi-fstab, kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho okanye kwiimfuno zakho. Kum ngokukodwa, olu khetho lwandibangela ukungazinzi (ukuphazamiseka) xa ndinyusa izixhobo ngexesha lokuqalisa Inkqubo yokusebenza. Ungaqalisa kwakhona iServer ukuqinisekisa ukunyuka okuzenzekelayo kweHard drive okanye uvavanyo ngokwenza umthetho wokuyalela "Ntaba -a" ukuvavanya inqaku lentaba. Ukuba yonke into ihamba kakuhle, qala kwakhona ukuzama ukukhwela intaba kwakhona kwasekuqaleni. Lo mgca unokuqwalaselwa ngeendlela ezininzi nangeendlela ezichanekileyo kodwa oko kukuphando lomntu, kuba akuyiyo into yokupapashwa. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokukhetha fstabCofa apha

Emva koku ndaqhubeka ndenza ifayile umsebenzisi wasekhaya Ndiza kusebenzisa ntoni kwi samba ukulawula izabelo zam ukude. Oku kunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezi-2 ezahlukeneyo:

1.- esisiseko:

1.1) Yenza umsebenzisi wasekhaya ukulawula isamba:

adduser yomsebenzisi_samba

2- phambili:

2.1) Yenza ifolda yasekhaya yomsebenzisi ukulawula isamba:

mkdir / path_path / samba_user

2.2) Yenza iqela lomsebenzisi we-samba:

iqela lomsebenzisi_ iqela

2.2) Yenza iprofayile yomsebenzisi we-samba:

yomsebenzisi -g umsebenzisi_samba -d / echongiweyo_path / samba_user -c "Ifolda yasekhaya yomsebenzisi" -s / bin / user_group

Okulandelayo, kwaye emva kokuba i-samba ifakiwe kwaye iqulunqiwe, inikwe amandla kwaye yanyusa isibonelelo sokwabelana, yenza umsebenzisi wasekhaya, kufuneka:

Yongeza uMsebenzisi wasekhaya al Iseva yeSamba (IiNkonzo) efakwe ngomyalelo wokuyalela:

adduser umsebenzisi_samba isambashare

Yenza iphasiwedi yokufikelela uzakuba nantoni Umsebenzisi wasekhaya kwiSamba ngomyalelo wokuyalela:

smbpasswd -a umsebenzisi_samba

Qala kabusha Inkonzo yeSamba:

a) Ukulayishwa kwakhona kwesamba

b) qala kwakhona inkonzo ye-smbd

c) inkonzo nmbd qala kwakhona

Ngoku kufuneka nje jonga ukufikelela kwikhompyuter kunethiwekhi ukuya kwisabelo. Ngenxa yoko kufuneka vula umhloli wefayile, ujonge imeko yenethiwekhi, kwaye ujonge isabelo kwiseva. Nangona kunjalo, ukubona ukubakho nge-terminal, ungenza le miyalelo ilandelayo, ngokwazi okanye ukungazi i-IP okanye igama leSamba Server:

1) ismbclient-uluhlu = 192.168.XX

2) smbclient-uluhlu = 192.168.XX –user = samba_user

3) i-nbtscan 192.168.0.0/24

4) nmblookup samba_server_name

Ukufikelela kwisabelo kwiKhompyuter kwinethiwekhi, vula ifayile yokuhlola, ujonge imeko yenethiwekhi, kwaye wenze cofa kabini kwisabelo ukusuka kwiseva, kwi ngenisa idatha yofikelelo (Umsebenzisi / Iphasiwedi / iDomain), okanye ubeke indlela ethe ngqo kule fomathi ilandelayo: smb: //192.168.xx/SHARED_RESOURCE. Ukuqhagamshela nge-terminal, sebenzisa lo mthetho ulandelayo: smbclient –user = samba_user //192.168.xx/SHARED_RESOURCE

Okokugqibela, kwaye ukuba kukho imfuneko, unokumisela ukuba esi sibonelelo ekwabelwana ngaso silayishwa ngokuzenzekelayo, kwizixhobo zakho zenethiwekhi usebenzisa le nkqubo ilandelayo:

a) Yenza ifolda yendawo apho izibonelelo ekwabelwana ngazo ziya kufakwa, ngomyalelo wokuyalela:

mkdir -p / echongiweyo_indlela / echongiweyo_folder

b) Hlela ifayile yefstab ngomyalelo wokuyalela "Nano / njl / fstab" kwaye ufake lo mgca wendibano ulandelayo:

//192.168.XX/SHARED_RESOURCE/ / selected_path / selected_folder cifs user, rw, username = samba_user, password = samba_user_password, gid = 100 ?, Uid = 100 ?, Iocharset = utf8, dir_mode = 0755, file_mode = 0755 0 2

Qaphela: Sebenzisa "IiCifs" kuba yinkqubo ye-samba yale mihla ethi samba ukunxibelelana nezixhobo zenethiwekhi, kwezinye iimeko kungafuneka usebenzise «smb » ngaphandle kwe «izipho ». Uhlobo lwemvume eyabelwe kwi- ifayile ye-dir_mode y ifayile_mode izakuxhomekeka kwinto oyityumbayo kunye / okanye yomsebenzisi kwifolda ekwabelwana ngayo efuna, nangona kufanelekile ukuba zifane nezo zichongwe kwifayile ye-smb.conf yezixhobo ezabiweyo. Kwaye amaxabiso ahambelanayo kwi id y uid Kuya kufuneka zilungele, oko kukuthi, ezo zomsebenzisi oya kuthi afake izixhobo kwikhompyuter ekude. Ukongeza ungongeza okanye hayi ukhetho auto yomgca wendibano kwi-fstab, kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho okanye kwiimfuno zakho. Kum ngokukodwa, olu khetho lwandibangela ukungazinzi (ukuphazamiseka) xa ndinyusa izixhobo ngexesha lokuqalisa Inkqubo yokusebenza. Ungaqalisa kwakhona iServer ukuqinisekisa ukunyuka okuzenzekelayo kweHard drive okanye uvavanyo ngokwenza umthetho wokuyalela "Ntaba -a" ukuvavanya inqaku lentaba. Ukuba yonke into ihamba kakuhle, qala kwakhona ukuzama ukukhwela intaba kwakhona kwasekuqaleni. Lo mgca unokuqwalaselwa ngeendlela ezininzi nangeendlela ezichanekileyo kodwa oko kukuphando lomntu, kuba akuyiyo into yokupapashwa. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokukhetha fstabCofa apha

Ewe, ndiyathemba ukuba uyayithanda le posi ngamanyathelo am athobekileyo kunye neengcebiso malunga nenjongo.