ICron & crontab, icacisiwe

Ifoto: esidlangalaleni kwixa elidlulileyo Isifundo esifanelekileyo kwi-cron kunye ne-crontab endicinga ukuba kufanelekile ukuba kwabelwane ngayo. ICron luhlobo olulinganayo neMisebenzi eShedyuliweyo kwiWindows, Kuphela kokuphathwa ukusuka kwisiphelo sendlela. Abo bakhetha ujongano olubonakalayo ukufezekisa injongo efanayo, banokubona oku elinye inqaku.

Yintoni i-cron?

Igama cron livela kwi Greek chronos elithetha "ixesha" Kwinkqubo yokusebenza ye-Unix, i-cron ngumphathi wenkqubo yesiqhelo (daemon) eqhuba iinkqubo okanye izikripthi rhoqo (umzekelo, yonke iminithi, usuku, iveki, okanye inyanga). Iinkqubo ekufuneka zenziwe kunye nexesha ekufuneka zenziwe ngalo zichaziwe kwifayile ye-crontab.

I sebenza njani

I-cron daemon iqala ukusuka /etc/rc.d/ o / njl njl kuxhomekeke kunikezelo. ICron ibaleka ngasemva, itshekisha itafile yomsebenzi we-crontab umzuzu ngamnye / njl / crontab okanye ngaphakathi / var / spool / ikron kukhangelwa imisebenzi ekufuneka yenziwe. Njengomsebenzisi sinokongeza imiyalelo okanye izikripthi ezinemisebenzi yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo. Oku kuluncedo umzekelo ukuzenzekelayo ngokuhlaziya inkqubo okanye inkqubo elungileyo yogcino.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Isifundo: Faka .tar.gz kunye .tar.bz2 Iiphakheji

Yintoni iCrontab?

ICrontab yifayile yokubhaliweyo elula egcina uluhlu lwemiyalelo ekufuneka yenziwe ngexesha elichazwe ngumsebenzisi. ICrontab iya kujonga umhla kunye nexesha apho kufuneka kwenziwe iskripthi okanye umyalelo, imvume yokuphumeza kwaye iya kuyenza ngasemva. Umsebenzisi ngamnye unokuba nefayile yakhe ye-crontab, enyanisweni / njl / crontab Kucingelwa ukuba yingcambu yomsebenzisi we-crontab file, xa abasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo (kunye nengcambu) bafuna ukuvelisa eyabo ifayile ye-crontab emva koko siya kusebenzisa i-crontab command.

ICrontab yeyona ndlela ilula yokulawula imisebenzi yekron kwiinkqubo ezininzi zabasebenzisi, nokuba ngumsebenzisi wenkqubo elula okanye umsebenzisi wengcambu.

Sebenzisa crontab

Siqala ngomzekelo olula.

Siza kuzenzekelayo ngokuhlaziya inkqubo, ukuphelisa into ecaphukisayo "Ndihlala kufuneka ndihlaziye kwaye andiyithandi loo nto!"

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Imiyalelo yokwazi inkqubo (chonga izixhobo zekhompyuter kunye nolungelelwaniso lwesoftware)

Okokuqala siza kwenza iskripthi. Esi skripthi siza kubizwa ngekron kwaye iya kuba nayo yonke imiyalelo esifuna ukuba siyenze, ke ngoko kuyafuneka ukuba uyivavanye kwiimeko ezininzi kwaye ngeendlela ezininzi ngaphambi kokuyifaka kwikron, iskripthi sokuhlaziya esilula ngolu hlobo:

#! / bin / bash #script yokuhlaziya umzekelo #ukhetha ulwabiwo lwakho # debian-ubuntu # apt-fumana uhlaziyo kunye nokufumana-uphuculo #fedora #yum-uhlaziyo #Arch #pacman -noconfirm -Syu

Susa i # kumgca wakho we-distro. Kwimeko apho Ubuntu / Debian, iqala ngokufumana ngokufanelekileyo.

Sigcina iskripthi njengohlaziyo.sh (umzekelo isikhombisi solawulo kwikhaya lakho). Sitshintsha iimvume zokwenza iskripthi esichaziweyo nge:

chmod a + x ~ / izikripthi / uhlaziyo.sh

Sisebenzisa iskripthi amatyeli aliqela ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into ihamba kakuhle, siyiguqula into efunekayo (mayingabinazimpazamo, kungenjalo ikron iyakuphindaphinda impazamo kwakhona). Ngoku ukongeza umsebenzi kwi-crontab yethu.

Yongeza imisebenzi kwi-crontab

Senza ushicilelo lwe-crontab nge-crontab -e, kwezinye ii-distros (ezinje nge-Ubuntu) isinika ithuba lokukhetha umhleli wombhalo esiwufunayo, abanye esisele nabo vi. Ifayile ye-crontab iya kujongeka ngoluhlobo.

# mh dom mon dow umyalelo womsebenzisi

phi:

• m ingqamana nomzuzu wokukhutshelwa kweskripthi, amaxabiso ukusuka ku-0 kuye ku-59
• h Ixesha elichanekileyo, ifomathi yeeyure ezingama-24 iphethwe, amaxabiso aqala ku-0 ukuya ku-23, kunye no-0 ngo-12: 00 ezinzulwini zobusuku.
• dom ubhekisa kumhla wenyanga, umzekelo ungakhankanya i-15 ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa zonke iintsuku ezili-15
• dow Kuthetha usuku lweveki, linokuba linani (0 kuye ku-7, apho u-0 no-7 bangeCawa) okanye oonobumba abathathu bokuqala bosuku ngesiNgesi: mon, tue, wed, thu, fri, sat, sun.
• umsebenzisi ichaza umsebenzisi oza kwenza lo myalelo, inokuba yingcambu, okanye umsebenzisi owahlukileyo okoko benemvume yokwenza iskripthi.
• umyalelo ubhekisa kumyalelo okanye indlela eyiyo yeskripthi ekufuneka yenziwe, umzekelo: /home/usuario/script/actualizar.sh, ukuba ibiza iskripthi kufuneka senziwe

Ukucaca imizekelo embalwa yemisebenzi yekron echaziweyo:

15 10 * * * umsebenzisi / ikhaya/usuario/script/update.sh

Iya kuqhuba uhlaziyo lweskripthi.sh ngo-10: 15 kusasa yonke imihla

15 22 * * * umsebenzisi / ikhaya/usuario/script/update.sh

Iya kuqhuba uhlaziyo.sh script kwi-10: 15 yonke imihla

00 10 * * 0 ingcambu apt-ufumane-uhlaziye umsebenzisi wengcambu

Iya kuqhuba uhlaziyo rhoqo ngeCawa ngo-10: 00 ekuseni

45 10 * * ingcambu yelanga apt-fumana -ukuhlaziya

Umsebenzisi wengcambu uya kuqhuba uhlaziyo rhoqo ngeCawa (ngeLanga) ngo-10: 45 kusasa

30 7 20 11 * umsebenzisi / ikhaya /usuario/script/updata.sh

Nge-20 kaNovemba ngo-7: 30 umsebenzisi uza kuqhuba iskripthi

I-30 7 11 11 yomsebenzisi welanga /home/usuario/script/pastel_con_velitas.sh

Nge-11 ka-Novemba ngo-7: 30 kusasa kwaye ngeCawa, umsebenzisi uya kubhiyozela i-sysadmin yakhe (Oko kukuthi, ndim)

01 * * * * umsebenzisi / ikhaya/usuario/script/molestorecordatorio.sh

Isikhumbuzo esicaphukisayo umzuzu ngamnye weyure yonke imihla (AKUKHUTHIZWA).

Zingasaphathwa Uluhlu olukhethekileyo:

30 17 * * 1,2,3,4,5

Ngo-5: 30 emva kwemini yonke imihla ukususela ngoMvulo ukuya ngoLwesihlanu.

00 12 1,15,28 * *

Ngentsimbi ye-12 emini ngeyokuqala, ishumi elinesihlanu kunye ne-28th yenyanga nganye (efanelekileyo yokuhlawulwa)

Ukuba oku kuyabhidisa, ukuphatha i-crontab imitya ekhethekileyo yokuchaza ezi zigaba.

@reboot Qalisa kube kanye, ekuqaleni
@yearly isebenza kube kanye ngonyaka: 0 0 1 1 *
@ ngokufanayo no @yearly
@ inyanga ibaleka kube kanye ngenyanga, usuku lokuqala: 0 0 1 * *
@weekly ngeveki umzuzu wokuqala weyure yokuqala yeveki. 0 0 * * 0 ″.
@ imihla ngemihla, ngo-12: 00 AM 0 0 * * *
@midnight efanayo @daily
@ ngeyure kumzuzu wokuqala weyure nganye: 0 * * * *

Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kulula kakhulu.

@hourly user /home/user/script/molestorecordatorio.sh @monthly user /home/user/script/backup.sh @ngcambu yentsuku nganye ufumane uhlaziyo kunye ne-apt-ufumane-uphuculo

Eyokugqibela kodwa engancinananga:

Ulawulo lomsebenzi weCron

crontab ifayile

Faka endaweni yefayile ye-crontab ekhoyo nefayile echazwe ngumsebenzisi

i-crontab -e

Hlela ifayile ye-crontab yomsebenzisi, umgca ngamnye omtsha uya kuba ngumsebenzi omtsha we-crontab.

i-crontab -l

Dwelisa yonke imisebenzi ye-crontab yomsebenzisi

icrontab -d

Cima i-crontab yomsebenzisi

Ikhontrakthi -c dir

Ichaza isikhombisi somsebenzisi somsebenzisi (oku kufuneka kubhalwe kwaye kuphunyezwe iimvume)

crontab -umsebenzisi

isimaphambili sokuphatha i-crontab yomnye umsebenzisi, imizekelo:

$ sudo crontab -l -u ingcambu $ sudo crontab -e umsebenzisi2 #crontab -d -u umsebenzisi

Esi sixhobo, njengabanye abaninzi, sinokubonwa nzulu nangakumbi kwi:

• Incwadana yeCron
• Incwadana yeCrontab
• ICrontab kwi-wiki ye-ubuntu