Funda ngeSoftware yasimahla kunye neGNU / Linux ngaphandle kokuyifaka

Kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo xa iFree Software Movement yavela kwaye kamva yamisela umanyano lwento ngoku eyaziwa ngokuba yi-GNU / LinuxOko kukuthi, iiNkqubo zokuSebenza ezisekwe kwiLinux kunye neenkqubo ezidityaniswe kwifilosofi yeGNU.

Kwaye namhlanje ukwenziwa, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokusasazwa kwesoftware yasimahla kunye ne-GNU / Linux kugcinwa yi «Techno-social» Movement, uluntu oluzimisele ukwanelisa isidingo sokwenza iiprojekthi zasimahla nezasimahla. phambi kophuhliso olukhulu kunye nesoftware yabucala, ukuphinda uphinde ubudala besoftware apho ukuphuculwa kweekhompyuter zokuqala kunye neenkqubo zekhompyuter kwakusebenzisana kakhulu kwaye kufundiswa.

Intshayelelo

Iminyaka elishumi yama-50 / 60s

Kwakumalunga nee-50s / 60s ukuba amalungu ecomputing yesayensi ngelo xesha zenziwe zizazinzulu ezifanayo zekhompyuter, izifundiswa kunye namaqela abaphandi abasebenza ngokubambisana phakathi kwabo bonke, Benza uninzi lwesoftware eyenziweyo njengoluntu.

Kwaye bahanjiswa (iiNkqubo zokuSebenza, iiNkqubo kunye neeKhowudi zoMthombo) ngoncedo lwamaqela abasebenzisi babo, konke ngenjongo yokuba zinokuhlengahlengiswa ukufezekisa amalungiselelo ayimfuneko kunye / okanye ukuphucula.

Iminyaka elishumi ye 70/90

Ngama-70s le meko yaqala ukubuyela umva, Ukusuka kwiikhompyuter ezinkulu nezixabisa kakhulu kumaziko eyunivesithi kunye namaziko karhulumente kunye namalungu asebenzisanayo kunye neeNkqubo zokuSebenza ezinamandla ezinzileyo ze-Unix (abasebenzisi abaninzi kunye nemisebenzi emininzi) kumaqela amancinci asebenza kumaziko ophando abucala ikakhulu aneeNkqubo zokuSebenza zokuthengisa.

IiNkqubo eziSebenzayo zaBucala eziya zisiba nemida ngakumbi yohloboIlungelo lokushicilela, ukuqeshisa, ukukhupha iilayisensi, phakathi kwezinye izinto ezininzi, ezithintela ukusetyenziswa kwazo simahla nangokukhulu.

Iindaba

Kodwa kule mihla kolu dabi lokulwa nesoftware yobunini kwaye ivaliwe, mihla le abantu abaninzi ngakumbi kwikhaya lobuqu (lasekhaya) kunye nelobungcali (lomsebenzi) bayaqala okanye baphinde baqalise ngamandla ukusebenzisa iSoftware yasimahla kunye neGNU / Linux.

Kodwa ngokushwankathela, iMbali yeSoftware yasimahla kwaye ngokukodwa i-GNU / Linux ihamba ngeziganeko ezaziwayo ze URichard Stallman ngo-1984 xa wayedala iprojekthi ye-GNU kunye neLinus Torvalds ngo-1991 xa wabhala i-kernel efana ne-Unix kwiikhomputha zelo xesha.

Ukunika njengesiphumo sokudityaniswa kwazo zombini iiprojekthi iNkqubo eSebenzayo ebizwa ngokuba yiGNU / Linux, ukuba yayiluhlobo lwe-Unix kwaye ikwaqhutywa nakwiikhompyuter zasekhaya zelo xesha. Kwaye ukufikelela kumhla wangoku apho uhlengahlengiswa kumakhaya amaninzi, uyilo lweshishini kunye nophando.

Kwaye ngoku ngoku kusebenza kwee-PC, ukuxinana kwabo kufikelele emakhaya ngenxa yexabiso elifikelelekayo le-Hardware, kunye nesidingo esikhulayo sokunciphisa iindleko zokusetyenziswa, ukugcinwa kunye nokuhlaziywa kwesoftware yabucala, ebanikile lithuba elihle leSoftware yasimahla kunye neGNU / Linux yokufumana indawo ebekekileyo kweli nqanaba litsha loluntu lolwazi.

Ukubaluleka

Kodwa, ngaphaya kokuqwalaselwa kweendleko okanye ukusebenza ngokubhekisele kwiSoftware yabucala, Isoftware yasimahla ihambelana ngakumbi nomdla wabemi kunemibutho yabasebenzi, iyahambelana nale mihla ngaphandle kokunciphisa inkululeko yendalo, ukusetyenziswa, ukusasazeka, ukufunda kunye nokulungelelaniswa kolwazi.

Kwaye kule ndawo apho Isoftware yasimahla ihambelana ngokugqibeleleyo nenkululeko yayo (4) okanye imigaqo kule mfuno ibalulekileyo yabemi. Masikhumbule ukuba inkululeko ezine (4) zeSoftware yasimahla zezi:

• Sebenzisa: Inkululeko yokusebenzisa isoftware ukuze ikwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngokukhululekileyo ngaphandle kwenjongo yayo.
• Isifundo: Inkululeko yokufunda ukuba isoftware yenzelwe njani ukubona ukuba isebenza njani.
• Yabelana: Inkululeko yokuhambisa isoftware ukuqinisekisa ukuba sinokunceda abanye ukuba nayo.
• Ukulunga: Inkululeko yokuguqula izinto zayo, ukuziphucula nokuzilungelelanisa neemfuno ezahlukeneyo.

Ke ngoko, ukufunda ukusebenzisa nokusebenzisa ngokuqinisekileyo isoftware yasimahla kangangoko kunokwenzeka kunika ithuba kunye nesidingo esixhaphakileyo. ukuze inxalenye enkulu yoLuntu engathandwa yiNkqubo yangoku ihlale ngokuzithoba kwitekhnoloji yale mihla ngaphandle kokungahoyi ukuphulukana namalungelo abo kwiMfihlo, uKhuseleko kunye neNkululeko yomntu ngamnye.

Umxholo

Ngokuqinisekileyo uninzi lwabakhwetha kunye ne-newbies kwindawo ye-SL kunye ne-GNU / Linux, mhlawumbi uninzi lwefashoni okanye ukwazi, Abasebenzisi bendabuko beeNkqubo zokuSebenza zaBucala (Windows / MacOS) baqala indlela yabo apha ngenxa yokufunda okuninzi okufumaneka kwi-SL kunye ne-GNU / Linux kumawaka okanye kwizigidi zewebhusayithi (iBhlog, iiMagazini, iiForam) ezikhethekileyo kumxholo, okanye ngenxa yokuba umhlobo okanye umntu osebenza naye ekuxelele ukuba bayisebenzisa ekhaya okanye emsebenzini.

Ukusuka kweli nyathelo lincinci, mhlawumbi abaninzi bakhuphele kwaye bafake i-GNU / Linux Distro njengeNkqubo enye okanye ezimbini eziSebenzayo koomatshini babo ukuze bangene ngokupheleleyo kwisifundo, esingalunganga okanye esibi. Kodwa kumava am eyona ilungileyo yokufezekisa inguqu egqwesileyo kunye nokufudukela kokuqinisekileyo ukuya kwi-SL kunye ne-GNU / Linux kuhamba ngamanqanaba ama-2 ngaphambi kokwamkelwa kokugqibela.

Eyokuqala kukusebenzisa uninzi lweSoftware yasimahla (yeeNkqubo zeGNU) kwiiNkqubo zokuSebenza zobunini kwaye emva koko uye kweyesibini ejongene nokuqhela kunye nokufaka iteknoloji yendawo ngaphandle kokufaka nantoni na ngendlela ecacileyo okanye eguqukayo, Oko kukuthi, ukuyisebenzisa ngaphandle kokuyifaka. Kwaye ngenxa yoko kukho iiwebhusayithi kunye neetekhnoloji eziluncedo ezinokusisebenzela ukulungiselela le njongo, phakathi kwazo kukho:

Iindawo zethiyori

Ezi webhusayithi zijolise ekuphononongeni i-GNU / Linux Distro nganye yangoku okanye endala, kwinqanaba lobuchwephesha elihamba kunye nohlalutyo olukhulu noluncedo kubo. Elungiselela ukufundwa kwangexesha malunga nokuba yeyiphi i-Distro oza kuyisebenzisa okanye ukuqala ukuyisebenzisa ngaphandle kweengxaki ezininzi okanye ukungaqiniseki.

• Indawo yogcino
• Isikhethi seDistro
• I-Distro Bukela
• Uluhlu loSasazo lweLinux

Iindawo ezisebenzayo

Ezi webhusayithi zijolise ekusivumeleni ukuba sinxibelelane kwi-intanethi kwaye ngendlela yokwenyani kunye ne-GNU / Linux Distros ezingenakubalwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo ngendlela efanayo ngokungathi siyifakile kwiikhompyuter zethu ukwandisa inqanaba lamava okwenyani omsebenzisi kunye neemveliso esele zenziwe.

• Irollapp
• Uvavanyo lwe-Distro

Iitekhnoloji eziluncedo

Zininzi iitekhnoloji zobuchwephesha ezifumanekayo kwiLizwe le-GNU / Linux kunye nezinye iiNkqubo zokuSebenza zaBucala ezinje ngeMS Windows okanye iMac OS, kodwa akukho nanye kulula ukuyifaka nokuyisebenzisa njengeVirtualBox. Obu bugcisa kunye nobunye obufanayo buvumela abasebenzisi ukuba baphinde (baphinde benze) ukufakwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweendlela ezahlukeneyo ze-GNU / Linux ngendlela eyi-100% yokwenyani ngaphandle kwesidingo sokutshintsha ngokukuko ukusebenza kweNkqubo yabo yokuSebenza yangoku.

• VirtualBox
• Ii-OSBoxes

Isiphelo

Itekhnoloji yangoku yeteknoloji ithanda ukuba yeyodwa ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu, ukusikelwa umda kunye nokusilela kusetyenziso lweSoftware yabucala, kongezwe ekusetyenzisweni gwenxa okufanayo ngooRhulumente okanye amaCandelo ezoQoqosho azama ukumodareyitha, ukubeka iliso okanye ukulawula inkitha yabemi ngazo.

Kodwa Isoftware yasimahla kunye ne-GNU / Linux zisinika ithuba lokuqhubeka nokuphila okunokwenzeka, enye into yokuba icandelo elibalulekileyo lesoftware yangoku iyaqhubeka nokuphuhliswa ngaphandle kolawulo lweshishini kunye nolawulo.Oko kukuthi, kuphuhliswa ngokukodwa kwaye ngokudibeneyo ngabemi ngaphandle kwemidla eyingozi.

Ukulungelelanisa ulwaneliseko kunye nokuthembeka okusetyenziswe yiSoftware akuwaphuli amalungelo ethu oBucala, oKhuseleko kunye neNkululeko yomntu ngamnye kunye neyonke, enokulungiswa ngabantu abaninzi kangangoko kwaye nangayiphi na injongo, kwaye ukuba ubuninzi beSoftware yasimahla kunye ne-GNU / Linux igcinwe ikhuselekile ngokuhamba kwexesha, oko kukuthi, ukuba iSoftware enokusetyenziswa, ifundwe, kwabelwane ngayo kwaye iphuculwe phakathi kwabo bonke.

Siyathemba ukuba amakhonkco anikezelwe kolu papasho anceda ekusasazeni ulwazi kunye nokusetyenziswa kweSoftware yasimahla kunye neGNU / Linux ngaphandle kweengxaki ezinkulu ezenza abo basebenzisi abatsha bayilahle.