Guqula iRaspberry Pi yakho ibe yindawo yokungena ngaphandle kwamacingo

En Inqaku langaphambili lithetha ngeDietPi inkqubo yeRaspberry Pi yethu ukuba ukongeza ekubeni noluntu olukhulu luneenkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye neeprojekthi.

Phakathi kwayo unokuguqula i-Raspberry Pi yakho ibe liziko lemultimedia, ikhonsoli yomdlalo we-retro, iseva ye-NAS phakathi kwezinye izinto.

Ngoku ngeli xesha siza kubona indlela yokusebenzisa iRaspberry Pi yethu njengendawo yokufikelela engenazingcingo.

Ukuguqula iRaspberry Pi ibe yindawo yokungena ngaphandle kwamacingo

Ukuphumeza oku, Kuyimfuneko ukuba nenkqubo yokusebenza kwiRaspberry yethu, ke inkqubo esemthethweni igqibelele kuyo.

Into yokuqala ekufuneka siyenzile kukuhlaziya inkqubo yethu, kuba oku kwisiphelo siza kuchwetheza le miyalelo ilandelayo:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

Nje ukuba kwenziwe oku, siza kuqala isixhobo sethu, ukuze naluphi na utshintsho olwenziwe lugcinwe.

Buyela kwinkqubo, masiqhubeke ukufaka i-hostapd, i-dnsmasq kunye neebhulorho, Ezi ziinkqubo ezimbini esiya kuzisebenzisa ukuguqula iRaspberry Pi yethu ibe yindawo yokungena ngaphandle kwamacingo.

Ke ngoko ukuyifaka, vula nje i-terminal kwaye siza kuchwetheza le miyalelo ilandelayo.

sudo apt-get install hostapd
sudo apt-get install dnsmasq
sudo apt-get install bridge-utils

Cwangcisa

Nje ukuba ukufakwa kwezi kwenziwe, siza kuhlenga iifayile zoqwalaselo zeenkqubo ukuze simise iinkonzo zazo nge:

sudo systemctl stop hostapd
sudo systemctl stop dnsmasq

Ngoku siqhubeka nokuhlela le fayile ilandelayo:

sudo nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf

Ngoku ikule fayile, yongeza le migca ilandelayo ekugqibeleni:

interfaz wlan0
static ip_address = 192.168.0.10/24
denyinterfaces eth0
denyinterfaces wlan0

Apha kule nto siyibeka kuyo, Sicinga ukuba sineedilesi ze-IP zasekhayaNgaphandle koko, inethiwekhi yethu inamagama aqhelekileyo kwaye ayinawo amanye.

Emva koko, cinezela Ctrl + O, emva koko Ctrl + X ukugcina ifayile kunye nokuphuma kumhleli.

Qwalasela iseva ye-DHCP (dnsmasq)

Siza kusebenzisa i-dnsmasq njengeseva yethu ye-DHCP. Umbono weserver ye-DHCP kukusasaza ngamandla iparameter yoqwalaselo lwenethiwekhi, ezinje ngeedilesi ze-IP, iindlela zonxibelelwano kunye neenkonzo.

Masinike igama kwakhona kwifayile yoqwalaselo emiselweyo kwaye sibhale entsha:

sudo mv /etc/dnsmasq.conf /etc/dnsmasq.conf.back
sudo nano /etc/dnsmasq.conf

Kwifayile entsha siza kubhala le migca yoqwalaselo:

interface=wlan0
dhcp-range=192.168.0.11,192.168.0.30,255.255.255.0,24h

Imigca esiyongezayo ithetha ukuba siza kubonelela ngeedilesi ze-IP phakathi 192.168.0.11 kunye ne192.168.0.30 ujongano lwe-wlan0. Siyavala kwaye sigcine ifayile.

Y ngoku siza kwenza enye ifayile entsha yokumisela, sikwenza oku ngokuchwetheza lo myalelo ulandelayo:

sudo nano /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf

Ngaphakathi kuyo siza kubeka oku kulandelayo:

interface=wlan0
bridge=br0
hw_mode=g
channel=5
wmm_enabled=0
macaddr_acl=0
auth_algs=1
ignore_broadcast_ssid=0
wpa=2
wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
wpa_pairwise=TKIP
rsn_pairwise=CCMP
ssid=”Nombre-que-le-daras-a-tu-punto-de-acceso”
wpa_passphrase=”La-contraseña”

Apho baya kuhlela kuphela imigca emibini yokugqibela, kuba apha baya kubeka igama abaya kulinika indawo yabo yokufikelela kunye negama lokugqitha, ngaphandle kwe "".

Nje ukuba kuhlelwe siza kugcina kwaye sivale utshintsho. Kwaye ngoku masivule le fayile ilandelayo:

sudo nano /etc/default/hostapd

Kule fayile, jonga umgca othi # DAEMON_CONF = ”” - susa lo # kwaye ubeke indlela kwifayile yethu yoqwalaselo kwizicaphuli, ke kujongeka njengoku:

DAEMON_CONF = "/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf"

Qwalasela ukuhanjiswa kwezithuthi

Uluvo apha kukuba xa bedibanisa, izithuthi ziya kugqithiselwa ngaphezulu kwekhebula le-Ethernet. Ke ngoko, kuya kufuneka sithumele i-WLAN ngentambo ye-Ethernet kwimodem yakho. Oku kubandakanya ukuhlela enye ifayile yoqwalaselo:

sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf

Ngoku fumana lo mgca:

# net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

Kwaye ususe "#", gcina kwaye usondele kwifayile.

Inyathelo elilandelayo kukongeza umthetho omtsha we-iptables, emva koko nge:

sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
sudo sh -c "iptables-save > /etc/iptables.ipv4.nat"
iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.ipv4.nat

Nika amandla uqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi

Ngoku i-Raspberry Pi isebenza njengendawo yokufikelela enokuthi ezinye izixhobo zinxibelelane nayo. Nangona kunjalo, ezo zixhobo azinakho ukusebenzisa iPi ukufikelela kwi-intanethi. Ukwenza ukuba kwenzeke, kufuneka sakhe ibhulorho edlula kuyo yonke indlela phakathi kwe-wlan0 kunye ne-eth0 ujongano.

Sikulungele ukongeza ibhulorho entsha (ebizwa ngokuba yi-br0):

sudo brctl addbr br0

Okulandelayo, siya kudibanisa ujongano lwe-eth0 kwibhulorho yethu:

sudo brctl addif br0 eth0

Okokugqibela, masihlele iifayile zangaphakathi kwaye songeze le migca ilandelayo esiphelweni sefayile:

sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces
auto br0
iface br0 inet manual
bridge_ports eth0 wlan0

Siqala kwakhona i-Raspberry Pi yethu kwaye yiyo.