I-Linux Kernel: I-Kernel Basics
Namhlanje, "I-Linux Kernel" Sele enayo ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala kwaye baqokelele phezu 30 million imigca ikhowudi. Kwaye njengoko sibhengeze apha nakwezinye iiwebhusayithi zeLinux, isandula ukushiya ngasemva uphuhliso lwayo I-serie 5, ukushiya yonke into, kude kube namhlanje, kwi ikernel 5.15.78 (Ixesha elide) ngenkxaso yexesha elide. Kwaye i ikernel 5.19.17 (EOL), ephawula isiphelo sobomi obuluncedo boluhlu, ngoko ayizukufumana naluphi na ukulungiswa kwebug.
Ngexesha, malunga neyakhe I-serie 6, ngoku Amasebe ama-2 aphuhliswa ngokupheleleyo. Enye, i uzinzile, emelwe yi ikernel 6.0.8 (Izinzile), kunye nezinye, i umgca ongundoqo wophuhliso, emelwe yi I-Kernel 6.1-RC4. Kwaye, kuba kuninzi ekufuneka ukwazi, namhlanje siza kuhlola kancinci kwizinto ezisisiseko neziyimfuneko ngokunxulumene neeKernels zeenkqubo zokusebenza, kunye neLinux Kernel. Kuba kwisithuba esilandelayo ukuziqhelanisa kuyo. Ngokukodwa ngakumbi, malunga indlela yokuqokelela enye ngokuthe ngqo kwi-GNU/Linux Distros yethu.
Ukudityaniswa kweRust kwiLinux kube nenqanaba eliphezulu lokumkelwa luluntu kunye nabaphuhlisi
Kwaye, ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukufunda le post malunga "iLinux Kernel" Ngokubanzi, siya kushiya ezinye iilinki ukuya Izithuba zangaphambili ezinxulumene noko ukuze ufunde kamva:
I-Linux Kernel: Undoqo weNkqubo yokuSebenza
Konke malunga neLinux Kernel
Malunga neKernel ngokubanzi
- Igama elithi "Kernel" Inemvelaphi yolwimi kwingcambu yemvelaphi yesiJamani ebhalwe njenge "Kern", eguqulelwe ngokuthembekileyo njengenucleus.
- I-"Kernel" yi-nucleus okanye iziko leeNdlela zokuSebenza zesiNtu, kwaye hayi zona ngokwazo. Ke ngoko, azifani kodwa zinxulumene okanye iikhonsepthi ezihambelanayo.
- Yiloo nxalenye yesoftware ngaphakathi kweNkqubo yokuSebenza esebenza kwimo eyamkelekileyo. Isizathu sokuba, yi-software yeNkqubo yokuSebenza eququzelela ukuba iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezifanayo okanye ezifakwe kuyo, zonwabele ukufikelela okukhuselekileyo kumacandelo omzimba (i-hardware) yesixhobo okanye isixhobo, ukuze kuphunyezwe ulawulo olusebenzayo nolusebenzayo. yezibonelelo ezikhoyo.
- Kwi-«Kernels, ngokuqhelekileyo kukho izinto okanye iinxalenye, njenge: i "Kernel Space", eyinxalenye ye-OS eqhuba ngamalungelo aphezulu; kunye ne "Isithuba soMsebenzisi", eqhuba ngamalungelo asezantsi ukuvumela izicelo zisebenze.
- "I-Kernel" inoxanduva lokufikelela kunye nokwabelana nge-hardware ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo ngezicelo zabasebenzisi abaninzi. Oku kungenxa yokuba inikezela ngeeseti ze "APIs", ezihlala zicela izicelo, ngento eyaziwa ngokuba yi "System Calls". Ngaphaya koko, ezi "APIs" zimele umda apho iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zitshintsha ukusuka "kwiNdlela yoMsebenzisi" ukuya kwi "Kernel Mode".
Iintlobo zeKernel ezaziwayo
- Phakathi Iintlobo ze-kernel ezaziwayo zezi zilandelayo:
- Monolithic: Ngaba ezo apho kungekho khuseleko lofikelelo phakathi kweNkqutyana ezahlukeneyo eziyiqambayo, kwaye apho imisebenzi yoluntu inokubizwa ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kweNkqutyana ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zihlala zikhulu kwaye zinzima, kwaye zama ukuqulatha zonke iinkonzo ze-OS, oko kukuthi, azikho iimodyuli. Ngenxa yoko, banomsebenzi ophezulu kunomnye wohlobo lweMicrokernel, kodwa banzima ngakumbi xa kuziwa ekulawuleni naluphi na utshintsho kuyo.
- i-kernel encinci: Ngaba ezo apho amacandelo amakhulu akhuselweyo omnye komnye, esebenza njengeenkonzo kwindawo yabasebenzisi. Ngenxa yoko, iindawo ezibalulekileyo zayo ziyenziwa kwiNdlela yoMsebenzisi, ngelixa ikhowudi eseleyo eyenziwa kwiNdlela yeKernel incinci kakhulu. Ukongeza, olu hlobo lweKernel, njengoko lunjalo, luqulethe kuphela ikhowudi eyaneleyo yokuvumela ukugqithiswa kwemiyalezo phakathi kweenkqubo ezisebenzayo ezahlukeneyo.
- Iingxube: Ngaba abo banalo, ngaxeshanye, ukukwazi ukukhetha kwaye ukhethe into ofuna ukuyenza kwiModi yoMsebenzisi kunye neModi yeKernel. Nto leyo ebavumela ukuba banikezele ngezona ntlobo zimbini zikhankanywe ngasentla. Nangona kunjalo, oku ngokuqhelekileyo kubangela umsebenzi omkhulu kubenzi be-hardware, ekubeni uxanduva lokusebenza kakuhle kwabaqhubi kuya kuxhomekeka kubo. Ukongeza, bahlala bebonisa iingxaki ze-latency, njengakwiMicrokernels.
Malunga neLinux Kernel
Ngokutsho inqaku nguRichard Stallman ngokwakhe kubizwa I-Linux kunye nenkqubo ye-GNU, i-Linux Kernel ichazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
"I-Linux yi-kernel: inkqubo yenkqubo enoxanduva lokwabela izixhobo zomatshini kwezinye iinkqubo eziqhutywa ngumsebenzisi. I-kernel yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokusebenza, kodwa ayinamsebenzi ngokwayo, inokusebenza kuphela kwisakhelo senkqubo epheleleyo yokusebenza. I-Linux iqhele ukusetyenziswa ngokudityaniswa nenkqubo yokusebenza ye-GNU: yonke inkqubo ngokwesiseko yi-GNU kunye ne-Linux eyongeziweyo, oko kukuthi, i-GNU/Linux. Lonke unikezelo olubizwa ngokuba yi "Linux" lusasazo lwe-GNU/Linux.".
abanye iinyani ezibalulekileyo malunga neLinux Kernel Zizo zilandelayo:
- Zonke iifayile kunye nolwazi malunga neLinux Kernel ilawulwa kuwe website esemthethweni. Kwaye ukusuka apho, unokufikelela kwezinye iiwebhusayithi ezibalulekileyo ezinxulumene nophuhliso lwayo.
- Ukuqala koPhuhliso olungekho sesikweni lweLinux (Uguqulelo 0.01), ngo-Agasti 25, 1991, nguLinus Torvalds (LT), umfundi (iminyaka eyi-23 ubudala) yeComputer Science kwiYunivesithi yaseHelsinki, eFinland.
- ILinux Kernel ibonakalise ukuba iyakwazi, namhlanje, ukukhula kunye nokuziqhelanisa neendlela ezintsha kunye nenkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe, kuwo onke amacandelo obomi beteknoloji yanamhlanje, ngokukhawuleza kunanoma yiyiphi enye into efanayo.
- Impumelelo yayo ibisoloko inxulunyaniswa nefilosofi ekhululekileyo nevulekileyo, ekubeni, ukususela ekudalweni kwayo ukuya ekuphuhlisweni kokugqibela komhla wayo wangoku, sele ilungelelaniswa nemiqathango ye-"Copyleft" ye-"Free Software Foundation (FSF)", kunye neenguqulelo ezilandelelanayo zeLayisensi yoLuntu Jikelele (GNU -GPL ).
- Okwangoku, ukuphuhliswa kwayo kwahlulahlulwe kwiindidi ezininzi, ezaziwa ngokuba: Ukuqaliswa kwangaphambili (Prepatch), i-Mainline (i-Mainline), i-Stable (Stable) kunye ne-Longterm (ixesha elide). Yiyiphi, esiza kuyichaza nzulu ngakumbi ekuqhubekeni kwesi sithuba, apho siya kufundisa nendlela yokuqokelela enye kwiDebian GNU/Linux.
Isishwankathelo
Ngamafutshane, ngokuqinisekileyo ngoku abaninzi baya kuba nombono ongcono wayo yonke into ejikelezayo IiKernels zeNkqubo yokuSebenza, kwaye "i-Linux kernel" ngakumbi. Nangona, ukuba nabani na uyazi naluphi na olunye ulwazi oluxabisekileyo lwembali okanye lobugcisa, okanye unayo nayiphi na idatha ecacisayo okanye ukulungiswa koko kunikwe apha, wamkelekile ukuba uyenze ngokusebenzisa izimvo.
Kwaye ewe, uluthande ngokulula olu papasho, ungayeki ukuphawula ngalo kwaye wabelane ngalo nabanye. Kwakhona, khumbula ukutyelela yethu «iphepha lasekhaya» ukuphonononga ezinye iindaba, kunye nokujoyina ijelo lethu elisemthethweni le- ITelegram ye DesdeLinux, Bucala ngasekunene iqela ngolwazi oluthe vetshe ngesihloko sanamhlanje.