Saqala uthotho lwezithuba malunga Uyifaka njani kwaye uyiqwalasele i-Master Primary DNS kunye ne-Cache kwi-Debian Squeeze?, Esizimisele ukunika i Indawo yokungena kwilizwe elinomdla kule nkonzo ibalulekileyo yokusebenza kwenethiwekhi yeeNethiwekhi ezikwi-Intanethi.
Onke amanqaku ayaphuhliswa ukuze asetyenziswe ngokulandelelana. Inkqubo ye- 1 y 2da Icandelo liqulathe ubuncinci bolwazi lwethiyori olufunekayo kwiNew okanye Newbie Unokuqonda kwaye uphuhlise ukufakwa kwe-DNS.
Sicebisa ukuba bangoyikiswa. Funda kwaye usebenzise okubhaliweyo kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo uya kufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo. Kwaye kuBarhanelwa abaqhelekileyo bokuwela ekuphelelweni lithemba, sicebisa ukuzola, ukuzola kakhulu ukuba ufuna ukuqonda ukuba ungayilungiselela njani le nkonzo ibalulekileyo.
Ndixolele ukusebenzisa amagama esiNgesi kunye ne-Anglicism engaqhelekanga. Yenzelwe ukufumana ukucaciswa kobuchwephesha ngokubhala.
Imiba esiza kuyiphuhlisa kweli Candelo Lokuqala yile ilandelayo:
- Intshayelelo
- Iinkcazo eziluncedo
- Uninzi lwezicwangciso zeDNS eziqhelekileyo
- Iindawo kunye neeRekhodi
- Amaxesha okuphelelwa yisikhathi
- Tips
Intshayelelo
Bathetha kwilali yeWWW ukuba i-DNS yenye yeendawo ezimnyama kakhulu zeenkonzo zenethiwekhi. Ngethamsanqa, oku akunjalo - ngakumbi i-LAN- njengoko siza kubonisa kula manqaku alandelayo. Ngangoko umntu engayifuni, phantse kunyanzelekile ukuba afunde icandelo elincinci lethiyori.
Inkcazo ngokwe-Wikipedia:
El DNS Iziko ledatha elisasazwayo kunye nelokuma ngokulandelelana eligcina ulwazi olunxulunyaniswa namagama esizinda kwinethiwekhi ezinje nge-Intanethi. Nangona njengesiseko sedatha i-DNS inako ukudibanisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zolwazi kwigama ngalinye, ezona zinto zisetyenziswayo kukunikezelwa kwamagama esizinda kwiidilesi ze-IP kunye nendawo yeeseva ze-imeyile zedomain nganye.
Ukubiza iidilesi ze-IP ngokuqinisekileyo yeyona nto yaziwayo kwiinkqubo ze-DNS. Umzekelo, ukuba idilesi ye-IP yesiza se-prox.mx FTP singama-200.64.128.4, uninzi lwabantu lufikelela kule khompyuter ngokuchaza i-ftp.prox.mx hayi idilesi ye-IP. Ukongeza ekulula ukukhumbula, igama lithembekile. Idilesi yamanani inokutshintsha ngezizathu ezininzi, ngaphandle kokuba utshintshe igama.
Ekuqaleni, i-DNS yazalwa ngaphandle kwesidingo sokukhumbula ngokulula amagama azo zonke iiseva ezixhumeke kwi-Intanethi. Ekuqaleni, i-SRI (ngoku eyi-SRI International) ibambe ifayile ebizwa ngokuba yi-HOSTS equle onke amagama ezizinda ezaziwayo (ubuchwepheshe, le fayile ikhona, kwaye uninzi lweenkqubo ezikhoyo zinokuqwalaselwa ukujonga ifayile yakho yemikhosi). Ukukhula okuqhubayo kwenethiwekhi kwenze ukuba inkqubo yokubizwa kwamagama ibe yeyokungasebenzi kwifayile yenginginya kwaye ngo-1983, uPaul Mockapetris wapapasha i-RFCs 882 kunye ne-883 echaza into esele iguqukile yanamhlanje yaba yi-DNS yanamhlanje. (Ezi RFCs zenziwe zaphelelwa lixesha ngo-1987 ezipapasho ze-RFC 1034 kunye ne-1035).
Iicompyuter ekuqhutywa kuzo le nkonzo zibizwa "Igama leeseva". I-Debian izisa koovimba bayo kwiinkqubo ezininzi ezinokuba ne-DNS esebenzayo kwaye phakathi kwayo yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-Intanethi: FUNDA o "Indawo ekuthiwa yiBerkley kwi-Intanethi".
BOPHELA yi umgangatho oqhelekileyo njengeseva ye-DNS. Isoftware yasimahla kwaye isasazwa uninzi lwamaqonga e-UNIX kunye neLinux. Bakwabhekisa ku-BOPHA njengo “ogama”(Igama daemon). Ungafumana apha (iWikipedia ngesiNgesi) uthelekiso lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseva ze-DNS.
Iinkcazo eziluncedo
I-NetBIOS: Inethiwekhi yokuNgenisa / yokuPhuma kweNkqubo (iNetBIOS): Ungeniso lwenethiwekhi olusisiseko kunye nenkqubo yokuphuma (iNetBIOS). Inkqubo yohlelo lokusebenza (API) enokusetyenziswa ziinkqubo kwinethiwekhi yendawo (i-LAN).
INetBIOS ibonelela ngenkqubo ngendlela yemiyalelo yokucela iinkonzo ezikumgangatho osezantsi ezifunekayo ukulawula amagama, iiseshoni ezithe ngqo, nokuthumela "idathagram”Phakathi kweendawo zomnatha womnatha.
Igama le-NetBIOS: Igama le-16-bit lenkqubo esebenzisa inkqubo yongeniso lwenethiwekhi kunye nenkqubo yokuphuma (NetBIOS). Igama elaziwa yi-WINS yeMicrosoft (Windows Internet Name System) inkonzo, edibanisa okanye "imephu" ikhompyuter okanye igama lomamkeli kwidilesi ethile ye-IP.
FQDN: "Igama leDomeyini eliFanelekileyo" o Igama loMmandla eliLingene ngokupheleleyo. Njengoko ukuguqulela amagama enziwe ngesiNgesi sobuchwephesha kuhlala kuyinto enkulu, ndincoma ukuba ufunde igama ngesiNgesi kwaye ngeenjongo zokusebenza ubhekise kulo njenge FQDN. Ayisiyonto yimbi ngaphandle kwegama leDomain Domain elisetelwe ukubonisa indawo yayo ngokupheleleyo kumthi wegama lesizinda.
Ngokuchasene namagama ahambelana nawo, a FQDN yandulelwa lixesha ukubonisa indawo yayo kwingcambu yendawo yesithuba. Umzekelo: freake.amigos.cu. Ingaba u FQDN Ukusuka kumamkeli ogama lakhe le-NetBIOS liyi-freake kwaye ikwisizinda se-amigos.cu.
umhlobo.cu. xo.amigos.cu. ikhatolube.amigos.cu. imeyile.amigos.cu.
Uninzi lwezicwangciso zeDNS eziqhelekileyo
Singacwangcisa i-DNS okanye i-Domain Name Server ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo. Ezona zisetyenziswayo zezi:
Iseva efihlakeleyo ("Indawo yokugcina i-Caching Nameserver"Izicelo okanye izicelo ezenziwe kwiseva ziya kusonjululwa ngaBagqithisi esibaxelayo kuqwalaselo lwakho. Iimpendulo ziya kugcinwa kwaye "zikhunjulwe" xa i-Cache Server ibuzwa kwakhona, eyonyusa kakhulu isantya sokuphendula.
Utitshala oPrayimari ("Umlawuli oyintloko"Izicelo okanye izicelo ezenziwe kwiseva ziya kusonjululwa ngokufunda idatha egcinwe kwiifayile zasekhaya zemimandla eyenziweyo. Njengoko igama layo libonisa, iya kuba ligunya leGama leSiza kuMmandla ekuboniswene nawo.
Utitshala weSekondari ("Mlawuli Oyintloko"Izicelo okanye izicelo ezenziwe kwiseva ziya kusonjululwa ngokubonisana ngqo neseva egunyazisiweyo yeNgcaciso yoMlawuli woMmandla ekuboniswene ngawo. Igcina ikopi esexesheni yeZones zeMfundo ePhakamileyo.
Singayilungiselela ukuze benze imisebenzi eliqela ngaxeshanye, enjengokuba yiPrimary Master kunye neCaché ngaxeshanye, exhaphake kakhulu kuthungelwano lwethu lweshishini.
Iindawo kunye neeRekhodi
Las Iindawo ziifayile zombhalo ezicacileyo ezisivumela ukuba siququzelele iifayile ze Iirekhodi zeDNS. Igama lendawo nganye lifana negama lesizinda, okanye uluhlu lweedilesi ze-IP ezinje ngomnatha omnye okanye nangaphezulu. Inayo, ukongeza kwenye idatha, eyahlukeneyo Iingxelo zeeklasi ezahlukeneyo okanye iintlobo, apho siza kuthi sikhankanye oku kulandelayo:
ezibalulekielyo: "Ukuqala Kwamagunya". Ukuqala kweGunya. Yirekhodi enyanzelekileyo kwiNdawo nganye, kwaye kufanele ukuba ibekho kwifayile nganye. Yintshayelelo kuzo zonke iifayile zommandla. Chaza ummandla ngokwawo; nguwuphi umatshini okanye umphathi ophuma kuwo; ngubani onoxanduva lomxholo wayo; Olu luhlobo lwefayile yendawo, kunye neminye imiba ngokubhekisele ekusebenzeni kakuhle kweseva ye-DNS. Ngaba kubalulekile ukuba kwifayile nganye yommandla kukho uhlobo lwerekhodi A echonga umatshini okanye umphathi apho i-DNS ihlala khona.
NS: Imephu igama eliseGameni loMncedisi. Isizinda ngasinye kufuneka okungenani sibe nerekhodi enye ye-NS. Olu rekhodi lukhomba kwiseva ye-DNS enokuthi iphendule imibuzo emalunga nesizinda. Ungakhomba kuMfundisi-ntsapho oPrayimari okanye kuMfundisi oPhakamileyo.
A: "Idilesi" - (Isikhokelo). Le rekhodi isetyenziselwa ukuguqulela amagama ehostele kwiidilesi ze-IPv4.
ÅÅÅÅ: "Idilesi" - (Isikhokelo). Le rekhodi isetyenziselwa ukuguqulela amagama ehostele kwiidilesi ze-IPv6.
CNAME: "Igama leCanonical" - (Igama leCanonical). Uhlobo lobhaliso esinokuthi sinike amagama aliqela kumamkeli omnye okanye ekudaleni ogama limbi ye. Masithi sine-web host.amigos.cu. apho sifake khona iseva yewebhu kwaye sifuna ukuba bayibhekise kuyo njengo www.amigos.cu. Ke kwiZowuni zabahlobo.cu kufuneka sibe phakathi kwezinye iirekhodi:
iwebhu KWI-192.168.10.20 www KWI-CNAME web.amigos.cu.
MX: "Utshintshiselwano ngemeyile" o Iseva yemeyile. Ulwazi olusetyenziswa zezinye iiseva zeposi ukwazi ukuba ungathumela phi i-imeyile enikwe idilesi ye-IP. Rekhodi nganye ye-MX ineyona nto iphambili kuyo, kwelona liphezulu liyirekhodi nenani eliphantsi. Imizekelo:
10 imeyile1.amigos.cu. 20 imeyile2.amigos.cu.
PTR: Imephu yedilesi ye-IP kwigama. Iindidi zeerekhodi ezigcinwe kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi "Reverse Zones". Umzekelo, iZone 10.168.192.in-addr.arpa yeyona iqulethe imephu yokubuyela umva yazo zonke iidilesi kwindawo ye-IP ye-192.168.10.0 / 24.
Ewe uluhlu lweentlobo zerekhodi luyaqhubeka ...
Indawo yokuphelelwa yisikhathi okanye amaxesha okuphelelwa
Xa sisenza iifayile zemimandla yeerekhodi ze-DNS, kufuneka siqwalasele amaXesha okuphelelwa lixesha ngemizuzwana. Nangona kunjalo, singazichaza ngendlela emfutshane ngokwale theyibhile ilandelayo:
Segundos Unidades Descripción 60 1M A un minuto 1800 30M A 30 minutos 3600 1H Una Hora 10800 3H 3 horas 21600 6H 6 horas 43200 12H 12 horas 86400 1D Un día 259200 3D 3 días 604800 1W Una semana
Tips
Kuya kufuneka silumke kakhulu xa sibhalela iifayile zommandla. Los FQDN kufuneka iphele ngo "." (yiyo i, indawo), kwaye asinakushiya iindawo ezingenanto ekupheleni komgca ngamnye. Ngeso sizathu sicebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe abahleli beConsole abanjengo vi okanye nano. Siza kusebenzisa i nano, ngokoluvo lwethu kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Ewe sinokusebenzisa abahleli beetekisi ezicacileyo kunye nomzobo okanye imeko ye-GUI.
Ndiyathemba ukuba khange udikwe kuba kusekho into encinci ezongena kulomba.
Eli nqaku libukeka lihle kwaye liphelele, ndiyathemba ukuba ndiza kulifunda kungekudala.
Kubi kakhulu ukuba ndisemsebenzini kuba ndingathanda ukuyifunda ngocoselelo ...
Igalelo elihle.
Kuhle ukuba ubeke la manqaku apha ... enkosi ngoncedo lwakho uFico 😀
Ogqwesileyo! Ukulinda amanye amalungu, ezi zithuba "zinento" zikuxabisile, enkosi
Inqaku elihle kakhulu umhlobo wam omkhulu uFICO
Ndiyabulela kuni nonke ngezimvo zenu .. 🙂
Molo, hee, ucinga ungandinika ezinye iingcebiso zokufaka inkonzo yeLinux DNs yenethiwekhi yam, ndisemtsha kuloo nto kwaye abandinikezi iinkonzo njengoko kulindelwe kubasebenzisi bam.
Phendula nge quote