Iikhonsepthi, ukufundwa kunye neewebhusayithi ekufuneka zaziwe ngumntu wonke we-GNU / Linux

Namhlanje, kubalulekile nakweyiphi na ilungu kunye nomsebenzisi naziphi na uluntu okanye iteknoloji, ngaphezulu kwako konke okutsha, ndisazi ngokunzulu iziseko ezisisiseko Yonke into abayisebenzisayo, ababelana ngayo kunye nenkxaso.

Ke ngoko, kolu papasho siza kubhengeza ngokuqinisekileyo iikhonsepthi ezisisiseko uhlobene ne Isoftware yasimahla, uMthombo ovulekileyo, i-GNU, iLinux / i-BSD / iUnix, eziyinxalenye ye- ufundo olusisiseko de iiwebhusayithi ezibalulekileyoUkuba sonke siyinxalenye yolu luntu kufuneka sikwenze ngaxesha lithile, ngakumbi ukuba siqala kulo.

Ke ngoko ingcebiso xa ufunda iikhonsepthi ezisisiseko ezivezwe apha, kukuba ubunzulu obufanayo ufundo olusisiseko ukusuka apho bakhutshwa khona, Oko kukuthi, ezabo iziza zosasazo ezisemthethweni, ukuze batyebe ulwazi lwabo malunga noko sikuthanda kakhulu, okanye baqale ukuba nomdlandla ukuba bangabasebenzisi abatsha boLuntu.

Imiqondo, ukufundwa kunye neewebhusayithi eziluncedo

Iingcamango ezisisiseko zokufunda

Ngokutsho kwe Iprojekthi yeGNU iwebhusayithi esemthethweni, ezilandelayo iikhonsepthi ezisisiseko inokuchazwa ngokufutshane ngolu hlobo lulandelayo, nangona kunjalo nceda ukhumbule ukuyenza kucetyiswa ukuba kufundwe yamakhonkco ahambelana nokuqonda yonke imeko enxulumene nenkcazo emfutshane:

Yiyiphi intsingiselo ebandakanya iSoftware yasimahla?

"Yisoftware ehlonipha inkululeko yabasebenzisi kunye noluntu. Ukuthetha ngokubanzi, kuthetha ukuba abasebenzisi banenkululeko yokuqhuba, ukukopa, ukuhambisa, ukufunda, ukuguqula, kunye nokuphucula isoftware. Ngamanye amagama, "isoftware yasimahla" ngumbuzo wenkululeko, hayi ixabiso. Ukuqonda umxholo, cinga "ngokukhululekileyo" njengentetho yasimahla, hayi "ibha yasimahla." NgesiNgesi, ngamanye amaxesha endaweni yokuthi "isoftware yasimahla" sithi "isoftware yasimahla", sisebenzisa isichazi sesiFrentshi okanye iSpanish, esivela "kwinkululeko", ukubonisa ukuba asithethi ukuba isoftware isimahla." Ukufundwa okucetyiswayo.

Intsingiselo evulekileyo ibandakanya ntoni?

"Amagama "isoftware yasimahla" kunye "nomthombo ovulekileyo" abhekisa phantse kuseti lweenkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, bathetha izinto ezahlukeneyo kakhulu ngezi nkqubo, ngokusekwe kumaxabiso ahlukeneyo. Intshukumo yasimahla yesoftware ikhusela inkululeko yabasebenzisi bekhompyuter, kwintshukumo yenkululeko nobulungisa. Ngokuchaseneyo, umbono ovulekileyo wombono ikakhulu uxabisa izibonelelo ezifanelekileyo kwaye awuyikhuseli imigaqo. Zombini zichaza phantse udidi olufanayo lwesoftware, kodwa zimele izimvo ezisekwe kumaxabiso ahlukileyo ngokwahlukileyo." Ukufundwa okucetyiswayo.

Iyintoni intsingiselo yeGNU njengeNkqubo yokuSebenza?

"I-GNU yinkqubo yokusebenza kwesoftware yasimahla, oko kukuthi, iyayihlonipha inkululeko yabasebenzisi. Inkqubo yokusebenza ye-GNU ineepakeji ze-GNU (iinkqubo ezipapashwe ngokukodwa yiprojekthi ye-GNU) kunye nesoftware yasimahla epapashwe ngabantu besithathu. Ukuphuhliswa kwe-GNU kuvumele ikhompyuter ukuba isetyenziswe ngaphandle kwesoftware enyathela inkululeko yethu. Ngapha koko, i-GNU yinkqubo yokusebenza efana ne-Unix, oko kuthetha ukuba yingqokelela yeenkqubo ezininzi: usetyenziso, amathala eencwadi, izixhobo zophuhliso, kunye nemidlalo." Ukufundwa okucetyiswayo.

Intsingiselo iquka iLinux njengeKernel yeNkqubo yokuSebenza?

"I-Linux yi-kernel: inkqubo yenkqubo ejongene nokwaba izixhobo zomatshini kwezinye iinkqubo ezenziwa ngumsebenzisi. I-kernel yinxalenye yenkqubo yokusebenza, kodwa ayinamsebenzi iyodwa, inokusebenza kuphela kwisakhelo senkqubo yokusebenza epheleleyo. I-Linux ihlala isetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo nenkqubo yokusebenza ye-GNU: inkqubo epheleleyo sisiseko se-GNU eyongezwe kuyo iLinux, oko kukuthi, i-GNU / Linux. Zonke izinto ezibizwa ngokuba "yiLinux" unikezelo lolwabiwo lweGNU / Linux." Ukufundwa okucetyiswayo.

Ezinye iziseko eziluncedo

Iyintoni intsingiselo ebandakanya i-BSD njengeKernel yeNkqubo yokuSebenza?

""I-BSD imele "ukuhanjiswa kwesoftware eBerkeley". Ligama lokusasazwa kwekhowudi yemithombo yeYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley, ezazilulwandiso lwenkqubo yokusebenza ye-UNIX® evela kuPhando lwe-AT & T. Iiprojekthi ezininzi zeenkqubo zomthombo ovulekileyo ezinemvelaphi yazo kusasazo lwale khowudi yaziwa ngokuba yi-4.4BSD-Lite. Ukongeza, baquka inani leephakeji ezivela kwezinye iiprojekthi zomthombo ovulekileyo, kubandakanya ngakumbi iprojekthi ye-GNU." Ukufundwa okucetyiswayo.

Ezinye iikhonsepthi ezibalulekileyo Esicebisa ukuba sazi, nzulu kwaye sicacise zezi:

• Unix
• IKernel

Iiwebhusayithi eziluncedo ukuze wazi kwaye uphonononge

1. DistroWatch
2. Isiseko seApache
3. Isiseko seLibreOffice
4. Isiseko seLinux
5. Isiseko seMozilla
6. Isiseko seSoftware yasimahla
7. Iqela elivulekileyo (Umgangatho we-Unix)
8. Umbutho oVulekileyo woMthombo
9. Umbutho weLinux Kernel
10. Umbutho weLinux
11. Iprojekthi ye-GNU
12. Indawo esemthethweni kaRichard Stallman

Isiphelo

Siyathemba ukuba oku "Uncedo oluncinci" malunga ezithile «Conceptos básicos», Iluncedo kwaye ibalulekile, kokubini kubasebenzisi abadala nabanamava kunye nakwintsha kunye nee-novice; Inomdla omkhulu kwaye iluncedo kuyo yonke «Comunidad de Software Libre y Código Abierto» kunye negalelo elikhulu ekusasazekeni kwendalo emangalisayo, enkulu kunye nokukhulayo kwezicelo ze «GNU/Linux».

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya, sukuhlala ungathandabuzi ukutyelela nayiphi na Ilayibrari ekwi-Intanethi njengaye VulaLibra y IJedIT ukufunda Iincwadi (iiPDF) kwesi sihloko okanye abanye iinkalo zolwazi. Okwangoku, ukuba uyithandile le «publicación», Sukuyeka ukwabelana ngayo nabanye, kwi Iiwebhusayithi ozithandayo, amajelo, amaqela, okanye uluntu zonxibelelwano zentlalo, ngokukhethekileyo zisimahla kwaye zivulekile njenge IMododon, okanye ukhuselekile kwaye uyimfihlo ngathi yocingo.