Bangaphi kuthi abaye banesidingo "sokunciphisa ukufikelela" kwiifayile eziqulathwe kwisikhombisi / kwifolda ethile okanye kufuneka sithintele abanye abantu ekujongeni, ukucima okanye ukuguqula umxholo wefayile ethile? Ngaphezulu kwesinye, akunjalo? Ngaba singayiphumeza kwiphengwini yethu ethandekayo? Impendulo yile: Ewe kunjalo : D.
Intshayelelo
Uninzi lwethu oluvela kwiWindows, belusetyenziselwa ukujongana nale "ngxaki" ngendlela eyahluke mpela, ukufezekisa le njongo kuye kwafuneka sisebenzise iindlela "ezingalunganga, ezinjengokufihla ifayile ngeempawu zayo, ukuhambisa ulwazi lwethu eyona ndawo ikude yeqela lethu (ngaphakathi kweefolda ezingama-20,000 XNUMX) ukuzama ukunqanda "utshaba" lwethu lwe-XD, ukutshintsha okanye ukuphelisa ulwandiso lwefayile, okanye eyona "iqhelekileyo" yezenzo, khuphela inkqubo esivumela ukuba "sivale" isikhombisi sethu ngasemva kwebhokisi yencoko entle esicela ukuba sibe negama lokugqitha. Sinendlela engcono ebhetele? Hayi.
Ndiyaxolisa kakhulu kubahlobo bam "Windoleros" (Ndiyitsho ngothando olukhulu ukuze kungabikho mntu ukhutyekiswayo, kulungile?;)), Kodwa namhlanje kufuneka ndizifundise kancinci ngeWindows: P, kuba ndiza kuchaza isizathu le OS ayikuvumeli okwendalo oku kusebenza.
Bangaphi kuni abaye baqaphela ukuba xa sihleli ngasemva kwi "Windows" ikhompyuter (nokuba ayiyiyo eyethu) ngokuzenzekelayo siye sibe ngabanini bayo yonke into enekhompyuter (imifanekiso, amaxwebhu, iinkqubo, njalo njalo)? Ndithetha ukuthini? Kulungile, ngokuthatha "ulawulo lweWindows", sinokukopa, sihambise, sicime, senze, sivule okanye siguqule iifolda kunye neefayile ezisekhohlo nasekunene, nokuba singabanini bezi nkcukacha okanye akunjalo. Oku kubonisa isiphako esikhulu sokhuseleko kwinkqubo yokusebenza, akunjalo? Ewe, konke oku kungenxa yokuba iinkqubo zokusebenza zikaMicrosoft bezingayenzelwanga ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya kubasebenzisi abaninzi. Xa iinguqulelo ze-MS-DOS kunye nezinye iinguqulelo zeWindows zikhutshiwe, bathembele ngokupheleleyo ukuba umsebenzisi wokugqibela uya kuba noxanduva "lokugada" ikhompyuter yabo ukuze kungabikho namnye umsebenzisi onokufikelela kulwazi olugcinwe kuyo. ¬ ¬. Ngoku zihlobo zeWinUsers, sele usazi ukuba kutheni kukho le "mfihlakalo": D.
Kwelinye icala, i-GNU / Linux, iyinkqubo eyilelwe uthungelwano, ukhuseleko lolwazi esilugcina kwiikhompyuter zethu (singasathethi ke ngeeseva) lubalulekile, kuba uninzi lwabasebenzisi luya kuba nakho ukufikelela kwinxalenye. izixhobo ze-software (zombini usetyenziso kunye nolwazi) kunye nezixhobo zekhompyutha ezilawulwa kwezi khompyutha.
Ngoku siyabona ukuba kutheni imfuneko yenkqubo yemvume? Masingene ngesihloko;).
Kwi-GNU / Linux, iimvume okanye amalungelo abasebenzisi abanokuba nawo ngaphezulu kweefayile ezithile eziqulethwe kuwo zimiselwe ngokwamanqanaba amathathu ahluke ngokucacileyo. La manqanaba mathathu ngala alandelayo:
<° Iimvume zoMnini.
<° Iimvume zeqela.
<° Iimvume zabanye abasebenzisi (okanye zikwabizwa ngokuba "ngabanye").
Ukucaca malunga nala magama, kwiinkqubo zenethiwekhi (ezinje ngephengwini) kusoloko kukho umlawuli, umphathi omkhulu okanye ingcambu. Lo mlawuli unoxanduva lokudala nokususa abasebenzisi, kunye nokuseka amalungelo awodwa aya kuba nawo kwinkqubo. La malungelo amiselwe zombini isikhombisi seKhaya somsebenzisi ngamnye kunye nemikhombandlela kunye neefayile umlawuli athe wagqiba ukuba umsebenzisi angafikelela kuzo.
Iimvume zomnini
Umnini ngumsebenzisi ovelisa okanye odala ifayile / ifolda kulawulo olusebenzayo (EKHAYA), okanye kolunye ulawulo olunamalungelo. Umsebenzisi ngamnye unamandla okwenza, ngokungagqibekanga, iifayile abazifunayo kulawulo lwabo olusebenzayo. Ngokomgaqo, nguye yedwa kwaye uya kuba nguye onokufikelela kulwazi oluqulethwe kwiifayile kunye neenkcukacha kwi-HOME directory.
Iimvume zeqela
Eyona nto iqhelekileyo kukuba umsebenzisi ngamnye ungoweqela lomsebenzi. Ngale ndlela, xa iqela lilawulwa, bonke abasebenzisi abangabalo balawulwa. Ngamanye amagama, kulula ukudibanisa abasebenzisi abaliqela kwiqela elinikwa amalungelo athile kwinkqubo, kunokuba wabele amalungelo ngokuzimela kumsebenzisi ngamnye.
Iimvume zabanye abasebenzisi
Okokugqibela, amalungelo eefayile aqulethwe kuso nasiphi na isikhombisi esinokubanjwa nangabanye abasebenzisi abangabanini beqela lomsebenzi apho ifayile ekuthethwa ngayo idityanisiwe. Oko kukuthi, abasebenzisi abangengabo abamaqela okusebenza apho ikhoyo ifayile, kodwa abangabanye bamaqela omsebenzi, babizwa ngokuba ngabanye abasebenzisi benkqubo.
Kuhle kakhulu, kodwa ndingayichonga njani yonke le nto? Elula, vula itheminali kwaye wenze oku kulandelayo:
$ ls -l
Qaphela: ngoonobumba abancinci "L" 😉
Kuya kuvela into efana nale ilandelayo:
Njengoko ubona, lo myalelo ubonisa okanye "uluhlu" umxholo weKhaya lam, into esijongana nayo yimigca ebomvu neluhlaza. Ibhokisi ebomvu ibonisa ukuba ngubani umniniyo kwaye ibhokisi eluhlaza ibonisa ukuba leliphi na iqela lefayile kunye neefolda ezidweliswe apha ngasentla. Kule meko, bobabini umnini kunye neqela babizwa ngokuba "nguPerseus", kodwa banokudibana neqela elahlukileyo elinjenge "ntengiso". Ukuphumla, ungakhathazeki okwangoku, siza kubona kamva: D.
Iindidi zeemvume kwi-GNU / Linux
Phambi kokuba sifunde ukuba zisetwe njani iimvume kwi-GNU / Linux, kufuneka sazi ukuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeefayile ezinokuba nazo inkqubo zinokwahlulwa njani.
Ifayile nganye kwi-GNU / Linux ichongwa ngoonobumba abali-10 ababiziweyo imaski. Kwezi zimpawu zili-10, eyokuqala (ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene) ibhekisa kuhlobo lwefayile. Oku kulandelayo 9, ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene nakwiibhloko ezi-3, bhekisa kwiimvume ezinikezelweyo, ngokulandelelana, kumnini, iqela kunye nabanye okanye abanye. Isikrini sokubonisa zonke ezi zinto:
Uhlobo lokuqala lweefayile lunokuba zezi zilandelayo:
| Andivanga | Chonga |
| - | Oovimba |
| d | Ulawulo |
| b | Ifayile eBlock ekhethekileyo (Isixhobo seeFayile ezikhethekileyo) |
| c | Ifayile yoonobumba abakhethekileyo (isixhobo se-tty, umshicileli ...) |
| l | Qhagamshela ifayile okanye ikhonkco (ikhonkco elithambileyo / elingumfuziselo) |
| p | Ifayile ekhethekileyo yesitayile (umbhobho okanye umbhobho) |
Abalinganiswa abasithoba abalandelayo ziimvume ezinikezelwe kubasebenzisi benkqubo. Bonke oonobumba abathathu, umnini, iqela kunye nezinye iimvume zomsebenzisi zichaziwe.
Abalinganiswa abachaza ezi mvume zezi zilandelayo:
| Andivanga | Chonga |
| - | Ngaphandle kwemvume |
| r | Funda imvume |
| w | Bhala imvume |
| x | Imvume yokwenza |
Iimvume zefayile
<° Ukufunda: ngokusisiseko ikuvumela ukuba ujonge umxholo wefayile.
<° Bhala: ikuvumela ukuba uguqule umxholo wefayile.
<° Ukuphunyezwa: kuvumela ifayile ukuba yenziwe ngokungathi yinkqubo ephumelelayo.
Iimvume zesikhombisi
<° Funda: Ikuvumela ukuba wazi ukuba zeziphi iifayile kunye nemikhombandlela enolawulo enale mvume.
<° Bhala: ikuvumela ukuba wenze iifayile kulawulo, nokuba ziifayile eziqhelekileyo okanye imikhombandlela emitsha. Unokucima imikhombandlela, ukope iifayile kulawulo, ususe, unike igama kwakhona, njl.
<° Ukuphunyezwa: kukuvumela ukuba ugqithe kwisikhombisi ukuze ukwazi ukuvavanya imixholo yaso, ukope iifayile kuso okanye uye kuso. Ukuba ufundile kwaye ubhala iimvume, unokwenza yonke imisebenzi kwiifayile nakwikhombisi.
Qaphela: Ukuba awunayo imvume yokuphumeza, ngekhe sikwazi ukufikelela kulawulo (nokuba sisebenzisa "cd"), kuba esi senzo siyakwaliwa. Ikwavumela ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwesikhombisi njengenxalenye yendlela (njengaxa sidlula indlela yefayile efumaneka kulawulo olukhankanyiweyo njengereferensi. Masithi sifuna ukukopa ifayile "X.ogg" ekwincwadi eneenkcukacha. "/ ikhaya / perso / Z" - apho ifolda "Z" ingenayo imvume yokwenza-, siya kwenza oku kulandelayo:
$ cp /home/perseo/Z/X.ogg /home/perseo/Y/
Ngale nto sifumana umyalezo wempazamo esixelela ukuba asinayo imvume eyaneleyo yokufikelela kwifayile: D). Ukuba imvume yokuphumeza isikhombisi yenziwe yangasebenzi, uya kuba nakho ukubona umxholo wayo (ukuba ufunde imvume), kodwa awuyi kuba nakho ukufikelela nakweziphi na izinto eziqulathwe kuyo, kuba esi sikhombisi siyinxalenye yezinto eziyimfuneko indlela yokusombulula indawo yezinto zakho.
Ulawulo lwemvume kwi-GNU / Linux
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, sibonile ukuba zeziphi iimvume ezenzelwe i-GNU / Linux, apha ngezantsi siza kubona ukuba sinika njani okanye sithabathe njani imvume okanye amalungelo.
Ngaphambi kokuqala, kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba xa sibhalisa okanye sisebenzisa umsebenzisi kwinkqubo, ngokuzenzekelayo sibanika amalungelo. La malungelo, ewe, awasayi kuba lilonke, oko kukuthi, abasebenzisi ngekhe babe nemvume efanayo kunye namalungelo omgcini ophezulu. Xa umsebenzisi eyile, inkqubo ivelisa ngokwakhona amalungelo omsebenzisi kulawulo lwefayile kunye nolawulo lwemikhombandlela. Ngokucacileyo, ezi zinokuhlengahlengiswa ngumlawuli, kodwa inkqubo ivelisa ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi amalungelo asemthethweni kuninzi lwemisebenzi eza kwenziwa ngumsebenzisi ngamnye kulawulo lwabo, kwiifayile zabo, nakwikhombisi kunye neefayile zabanye abasebenzisi. Ezi ngokubanzi zezi mvume zilandelayo:
<° Kwiifayile: - rw-r-- r--
<° Kwimikhombandlela: - rwx rwx rwx
Qaphela: ayizizo iimvume ezifanayo kulo lonke unikezelo lwe-GNU / Linux.
La malungelo asivumela ukuba senze, sikope kwaye sicime iifayile, senze iirejista ezintsha, njl. Makhe sibone konke oku ngokwenza: D:
Masithathe ifayile ye "Advanced CSS.pdf" njengomzekelo. Masiqwalasele ukuba kubonakala ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: -rw-r--r-- … I-CSS ephucukileyo. Makhe sihlolisise.
| Uhlobo | Igama lomsebenzisi | Iqela | Abanye abasebenzisi (abanye) | Igama lefayile |
| - | rw - | r-- | r-- | I-CSS ephucukileyo |
Oku kuthetha ukuba:
<° Uhlobo: Oovimba
<° Umsebenzisi anga: Funda (jonga umxholo) kwaye ubhale (uguqule) ifayile.
<° Iqela akulo umsebenzisi linakho: Funda (kuphela) ifayile.
<° Abanye abasebenzisi banako: Funda (kuphela) ifayile.
Kulabo bafuna ukwazi abazibuza okwangoku ukuba zeziphi ezinye iinkalo zoluhlu ezifunyenwe ls -l zibhekisa kule, nantsi impendulo:
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nokuqina kunye nokuthamba / amakhonkco okomfuziselo, nantsi ingcaciso kunye neyazo mahluko.
Kulungile bahlobo, siza kweyona ndawo inomdla kwaye inzima kwesihloko kuthethwa ngaso ...
Ukunikezelwa kwemvume
Umyalelo chmod ("Guqula imo") ivumela ukulungisa imaski ukuze imisebenzi emininzi okanye embalwa yenziwe kwiifayile okanye kwizikhombisi, ngamanye amagama, nge-chmod ungasusa okanye ususe amalungelo kuhlobo ngalunye lomsebenzisi. Ukuba uhlobo lomsebenzisi esifuna ukususa, ukuseta okanye ukwabela amalungelo aluchazwanga, kuya kwenzeka ntoni xa kusenziwa lo msebenzi kukuchaphazela bonke abasebenzisi ngaxeshanye.
Into esisiseko ekufuneka siyikhumbule kukuba sinika okanye sisusa iimvume kula manqanaba:
| Ipharamitha | Inqanaba | Descripción |
| u | umnini | umnini wefayile okanye ulawulo |
| g | iqela | iqela ekule fayile |
| o | abanye | bonke abanye abasebenzisi abangabaniniyo okanye iqela |
Iindidi zemvume:
| Andivanga | Chonga |
| r | Funda imvume |
| w | Bhala imvume |
| x | Imvume yokwenza |
Nika umnini imvume yokwenza:
$ chmod u+x komodo.sh
Susa imvume yokwenza kubo bonke abasebenzisi:
$ chmod -x komodo.sh
Nika imvume yokufunda nokubhala kwabanye abasebenzisi:
$ chmod o+r+w komodo.sh
Shiya kuphela imvume yokufunda kwiqela elilelakhe:
$ chmod g+r-w-x komodo.sh
Imvume kwifomathi yamanani ye-octal
Kukho enye indlela yokusebenzisa umyalelo we-chmod othi, kubasebenzisi abaninzi, "bakhululeke ngakumbi", nangona i-priori inzima ngakumbi ukuyiqonda ¬¬.
Ukudityaniswa kwamaxabiso kwiqela ngalinye labasebenzisi kwenza inombolo ye-octal, isuntswana elithi "x" ngu-20 oko kukuthi ngu-1, u-w ngu-21 oko kukuthi ngu-2, lona u-bit ngu-22 oko kukuthi ngu-4, emva koko sino:
<° r = 4
<° w = 2
<° x = 1
Ukudityaniswa kweebits okanye ukucima kwiqela ngalinye kunika indibaniselwano yamaxabiso asibhozo, oko kukuthi, isixa seebits kwi:
| Andivanga | Ixabiso le-Octal | Descripción |
| - - - | 0 | awunayo imvume |
| - - x | 1 | yenza imvume kuphela |
| - w - | 2 | bhala imvume kuphela |
| - wx | 3 | bhala kwaye wenze iimvume |
| r - - | 4 | funda imvume kuphela |
| r - x | 5 | funda kwaye wenze iimvume |
| rw - | 6 | funda kwaye ubhale iimvume |
| rwx | 7 | Zonke iimvume zibekiwe, zifundwe, zibhalwe kwaye zenziwe |
Xa udibanisa umsebenzisi, iqela kunye nezinye iimvume, ufumana inombolo enamanani amathathu enza ifayile okanye iimvume zolawulo. Imizekelo:
| Andivanga | Ixabiso | Descripción |
| rw- --- -- | 600 | Umnini ufunde kwaye ubhale iimvume |
| rwx --x --x | 711 | Umnini ufunda, ubhale kwaye enze, iqela kunye nabanye baphumeze kuphela |
| rwx rx rx | 755 | Ukufunda, ukubhala kunye nokwenza umnini, iqela kunye nabanye banokufunda nokwenza ifayile |
| rwx rwx rwx | 777 | Ifayile inokufundwa, ibhalwe kwaye yenziwe ngumntu |
| r-- --- -- | 400 | Ngumnini kuphela onokufunda ifayile, kodwa engenakho ukuyiguqula okanye ukuyenza kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo akukho qela okanye abanye abanokwenza nantoni na kuyo. |
| rw-r-- --- | 640 | Umsebenzisi ongumnini uyakwazi ukufunda nokubhala, iqela lingafunda ifayile, kwaye abanye abanakwenza nto |
Iimvume ezizodwa
Zisekhona ezinye iintlobo zeemvume ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Ezi zi-SUID (Setha i-ID yomsebenzisi) yemvume encinci, i-SGID (Setha i-ID yeQela) isuntswana lemvume, kunye nesincamathelisi esincangathi.
iseti
Iseti esetyiweyo inikezelwe kwiifayile ezinokuphunyezwa, kwaye ivumela ukuba xa umsebenzisi esenza ifayile esele, inkqubo ifumana iimvume zomnini wefayile eyenziweyo. Umzekelo ocacileyo wefayile ephunyeziweyo eneseti encinci yile:
$ su
Siyabona ukuba isuntswana labelwe "s" kolu bambe lulandelayo:
Ukwabela oku kuncinci kwifayile iya kuba:
$ chmod u+s /bin/su
Ukuyisusa:
$ chmod u-s /bin/su
Qaphela: Kuya kufuneka sisebenzise le nto ngononophelo olukhulu kuba inokubangela ukunyuka kwamalungelo kwinkqubo yethu.
setgid
Iseti encinci ivumela ukufumana amalungelo eqela elinikezelwe kwifayile, ikwabelwe nakwabalawuli. Oku kuyakuba luncedo kakhulu xa abasebenzisi beqela elinye befuna ukusebenza ngezixhobo kulawulo olufanayo.
Ukunikezela eli nqanaba senza oku kulandelayo:
$ chmod g+s /carpeta_compartida
Ukuyisusa:
$ chmod g-s /carpeta_compartida
encangathi
Le nto ihlala inikezelwa kwimikhombandlela apho bonke abasebenzisi banokufikelela khona, kwaye ivumela ukuthintela umsebenzisi ekucimeni iifayile / izikhombisi zomnye umsebenzisi ngaphakathi kolo lawulo, kuba bonke banemvume yokubhala.
Siyabona ukuba isuntswana linikezelwe njenge "t" kolu xwebhu lulandelayo:
Ukunikezela eli nqanaba senza oku kulandelayo:
$ chmod o+t /tmp
Ukuyisusa:
$ chmod o-t /tmp
Kulungile bahlobo, ngoku uyayazi indlela yokukhusela ngcono ulwazi lwakho, ngale nto ndiyathemba ukuba uyeke ukukhangela ezinye iindlela Isitshixo sefolda o Ifolda Guard ukuba kwi-GNU / Linux asizidingi kwaphela i-XD.
P.S: Eli nqaku liceliwe ngummelwane we XD yomzala wakho, ndiyathemba ukuba ndiwasombulule amathandabuzo akho…
Inqaku elihle, licaciswe kakuhle.
Enkosi mhlobo 😀
Ukugqwesa uPerseus, bendingenalo nofifi malunga neemvume kwifomathi yenombolo ye-octal (into encinci enomdla kakhulu) okanye iimvume ezizodwa (setuid / setgid / sticky).
Bendifa bubuthongo kodwa le indiphakamisile kancinci, sendifuna ukubamba ikhonsoli 😀 +1000
Into elungileyo ibiluncedo kuwe, Imibuliso 😉
Ukugqwesa, iinkcazo zicacile, enkosi kakhulu.
setgid
Isuntswana iseti ikuvumela ukuba ufumane amalungelo
Kwelinxalenye kukho impazamo encinci.
Enkosi ngokuqwalaselwa kunye nokwenza amagqabantshintshi, ngamanye amaxesha iminwe yam "ibambene" i-XD ...
Ukubulisa 😉
Sele ndilungisiwe 😀
Inqaku elilunge kakhulu, uPerseus. Ngayiphi na imeko, ndingathanda ukwenza uqwalaselo ukuze ulwazi luphelele ngakumbi:
Lumka xa usebenzisa iimvume eziphindayo (chmod -R) kuba sinokugqibela ngokunika iifayile iimvume ezininzi. Enye indlela ejikeleze oku kukusebenzisa fumana umyalelo wokwahlula phakathi kweefayile okanye iifolda. Umzekelo:
find /var/www -type d -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 755find /var/www -type f -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 644
Enye into: ukusekwa kwamalungelo kwiirejista okanye kwiifayile akuyona indlela yokungaphumeleli yokukhusela ulwazi, kuba nge-LiveCD okanye ukubeka i-hard disk kwenye i-PC akunzima ukufikelela kwiifolda. Ukukhusela ulwazi olubuthathaka kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa izixhobo zofihlo. Umzekelo, i-TrueCrypt ilunge kakhulu kwaye ikwayiqonga lomnqamlezo.
Kwaye okokugqibela: ngenxa yokuba uninzi lwabasebenzisi alutshintshi amalungelo enkqubo yefayile kwiWindows oko akuthethi ukuba akunakwenzeka ukwenza njalo. Ubuncinci inkqubo yefayile ye-NTFS inokukhuseleka njenge-EXT, ndiyazi kuba emsebenzini wam ndineziqendu ezigqityiweyo ngaphandle kokwenza okanye ukubhala iimvume, njl. Oku kunokufezekiswa ngethebhu yokhuseleko (ehlala ifihliwe). Ingxaki ephambili kwiWindows kukuba useto olungagqibekanga luvumela yonke into.
Enkosi kakhulu ngokwandisa isihloko;). Ngoku:
[...] establecer privilegios sobre directorios o archivos no es un método infalible para proteger la información, ya que con un LiveCD o poniendo el disco duro en otra PC no es difícil acceder a las carpetas [...]Unyanisile, nokuba uphumelele into enye iyenzeka, mhlawumbi kamva siza kuthetha ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezisinceda ukuba sibhale ulwazi lwethu.
Ukubulisa 😀
Hugo mhlobo unjani 😀
Ingxaki nge-TrueCrypt ... ngaba ilayisenisi yinto "engaqhelekanga" enayo, ungasixelela ngakumbi ngayo? 🙂
Ikhonkco lokubulisa
Ilayisensi ye-TrueCrypt iya kuba yinto engaqhelekanga, kodwa ubuncinci inguqulelo 3.0 yelayisensi (yeyangoku) evumela ukusetyenziswa komntu kunye nokuthengisa kwiindawo zokusebenzela ezingenamda, kwaye ikwavumela ukukopa, ukuphonononga ikhowudi yemvelaphi, ukwenza uhlengahlengiso kunye nokusasaza imisebenzi evela ( ukuba ayithiyiwanga igama), ke ukuba ayingo-100% yasimahla, inyani isondele kakhulu.
Umdala uPerseus ushiya lonke iqela elibi ngamanqaku akhe ukuze agqibe.
Akukho mntu ulunge apha kungekho mntu huh? Kwaye ungcono kakhulu kunam HAHAHAJAJAJAJA
hahahaha, ulumke mhlobo, khumbula ukuba sikwisikhephe esinye 😀
Enkosi ngezimvo 😉
Imvume, yinto efundwa imihla ngemihla, hayi ukusuka kolunye usuku ukuya kolandelayo, ke masifunde hehehehe
Inqaku elihle kakhulu iPerseus.
Ingcebiso: akukho mfuneko yokuba ubhale uphawu ngalunye, kwanele ukubonisa oko kube kanye kuphela. Umzekelo:
$ chmod o + r + w komodo.sh
Ingabonakala ngathi
$ chmod o + rw komodo.sh
ngokufanayo
$ chmod g + rwx komodo.sh
inokubonakala ngathi
$ chmod g + r-wx komodo.sh
ukulandela le fomathi ungayenza le nto
$ a-rwx, u + rw, g + w + okanye example.txt
Qaphela: a = all.
Ukubulisa
Wow mhlobo, bendingayazi leyo, enkosi ngokwabelana 😀
Inqaku elilunge kakhulu, yonke into icaciswe kakuhle.
Kulunge ngakumbi kum ukutshintsha iimvume zeefayile nge-octally, ngokucacileyo ngakumbi. Ndiyifumana yanele ukuqonda enye indlela kodwa oku kudala kwakudala hahaha
Molweni bantu, persus; Ndilithandile iphepha. Ndingathanda ukusebenzisana nayo. Ngaba kunokwenzeka? Ngokucofa kwi-nick yam uneereferensi !! haha.
Ndihlala ndenza upapasho olwenzeka manqaphanqapha, kwaye ndiyintshatsheli ye-SL, into endingazukuyishiya ebomini bam ukuba nje ndiyafumaneka kwaye ndineminwe embalwa. Ewe, ndicinga ukuba bane-imeyile yam. ukwanga kunye namandla ngeprojekthi ebonakala kum «iibhlog ezibumbeneyo!», ACA ES LA TRENDENCIA !! Yile ndlela eyenziwe ngayo iwebhu yekamva.
Hahahahaha, kungavuya kakhulu kuwe ukuba usijoyine, vumela elav okanye gaara ubone isicelo sakho 😉
Khathalela kwaye ndiyathemba ukukubona apha kungekudala 😀
Ndikubhalela i-imeyile ngoku (kwidilesi oyibeke kwizimvo) 🙂
Andithandabuzi. Ungayifaka njani imvume kwiimikhombandlela kwaye ezi azitshintshi iimpawu zazo, nokuba umsebenzisi uzitshintsha njani, kubandakanya nengcambu.
Ukubulisa
Ingayiyo Oku kubhaliwe Ndicacisa kancinci ..
Libhalwe kakuhle eli nqaku, enkosi ngokwabelana ngolwazi
Kulunge kangakanani ukuba kube luncedo, siyathemba ukukubona apha kwakhona. Ukubulisa 😉
Inqaku elilunge kakhulu.
Ndinovuyo olukhulu ukuba iluncedo kuni, ukubulisa
Inyaniso andivumi kwi-linux yokuhambisa ifayile kwifolda Inkqubo yintloko. Kuya kufuneka unikeze imvume yayo yonke into kwaye ufake ipassword yakho. kwiifestile ezihambisa iifayile kulula, nakwifolda efanayo windows yonke inkqubo yokuhambisa ifayile kwifolda kwi-linux xa kwiifestile kulula ukukopa kunye nokuncamathisela. Ndisebenzisa zombini iinkqubo zokusebenza. I-mint 2 yesinamoni kunye neefestile 13
Kudala ndisebenzisa iLinux iminyaka embalwa ngoku, kwaye inyani andikabinazo ezi ngxaki ixesha elithile.
Ndingahambisa iifayile / iifolda ngaphandle kwengxaki, kwaye ndine-HDD yam ekwahlulelweni ngo-2. Ngokucacileyo, ukufikelela kwelinye isahlulelo ixesha loku-1 kufuneka ndibeke iphasiwedi, kodwa ndingaze ndiphinde.
Ukuba unengxaki enqabileyo, sixelele, siya kukunceda ngovuyo 😉
Inqaku elichanekileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwinxalenye yeLinux. Kwizimvo zakho kulawulo lweemvume kwiWindows: Awazi kwaphela ukuba zisetwa njani iimvume. Ukulawulwa kwala mandla aphezulu kakhulu (ngaphandle kweenguqulelo ezili-16, ii-Windows 95, 98, Me kunye neefowuni eziphathwayo) kwindlela ezilawulwa ngayo kwinkqubo yoonombombiya kunye nembewu etyebileyo, kunye nengxelo endijongana nazo zombini Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo akukho manias ngokuchasene nenye yazo.
Ingcebiso yam: yenza umba omncinci kwaye uyakuqonda, akukho nkqubo zangaphandle ziyafuneka konke konke. Konke okuhle kakhulu. 😉
Inqaku elilunge kakhulu. Umxholo wemvume yinto enomdla wokuyifunda. Kwenzekile kum kanye ukuba ndingabinakho ukufikelela kwifayile kwindlela ende, kuba bendingenazo iimvume kwenye yezikhombisi. Kulungile ukwazi ubuncinci ubukho beemvume ezizodwa ezifana ne-Sticky bit.
I-PS: Ndilandele ibhlog okwethutyana kodwa khange ndibhalise. Banamanqaku anomdla kakhulu kodwa eyona nto ibambe ingqalelo yam lunyango phakathi kwabasebenzisi. Ngaphandle kwenyani yokuba kunokubakho iyantlukwano, ngokubanzi, wonke umntu uzama ukuncedana ngokunikela ngamava abo. Yinto ebalulekileyo leyo, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iisayithi ezigcwele ii-troll kunye neelangatye 😉
Inomdla kakhulu, kodwa ndiyifunde ngokwahlukileyo malunga neemvume, endaweni ye-Octal, kwiBhinary, ukuze ukuba, umzekelo, "u-7" abe li-111, oko bekuthetha ukuba inazo zonke iimvume, ke ukuba ubeka i-777 oyinikayo Zonke iimvume kubo bonke abasebenzisi, amaqela ...
A ubingelele.
Inomdla, imfutshane, icacile kwaye inesihloko.
Elinjani inqaku elilungileyo, ukuvuyisana kunye nombulelo ngako konke ukucaciswa… ..
hi2.
Yeha ukuba ndifunde okuninzi ngezifundo zakho, ndiziva ngathi ndiyintethe encinci kule ntsimi inkulu eyiLinux, kodwa ndinomda ngento eyathethwa nguHugo apha, kulo mqolo wamagqabaza ukuba sibeka i-cd ephilayo kwaye ukuba iifayile zethu azifihlwanga ayisekho kangako ukukhusela, ukongeza kwiWindows ndicinga ukuba bekungekho ngxaki ingako yokwenza umsebenzisi womlawuli kunye neakhawunti encinci ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yokusebenza kunye nokuphepha idatha yeakhawunti yakho yomlawuli…. Kodwa eneneni, enkosi kakhulu ngeli nqaku, ndinolwazi ngakumbi ngalo mbulelo enkosi kuwe ... 😀
Inyani yile yokuba bendifuna ukuqhuba i-xD ephumezayo kwaye indixelele imvume eyaliwe xa kuvulwa kwaye kubhalwa iifayile ze-x kodwa ndifunde kancinci apha kwaye ndafunda into kwaye ndasebenza ukubona iimvume zokuba loo folda iqulethe iifayile kunye nokuphunyezwa Into yokugqibela endiyikhumbulayo endiyenzileyo kukuba bendifuna ukufikelela kwifolda kwaye njengoko igama lalilide ndiyitshintshile naphakathi kwe-xD elula, emva koko ndajonga iimvume ndakhangela into ethi malunga ne-adm.Ndaya kwifayile Ndibeka iipropathi ndaza ndakhetha into eyathi adm emva koko ngaphandle kokususa iipropathi Ngenisa ifolda emva koko usebenze enokuphunyezwa kwaye ingaqala ngaphandle kwengxaki ngoku into endingayaziyo yile ndiyenzileyo xD inyani yile, andazi ukuba yayiyiyo kuba nditshintshe igama lefolda kodwa andazi kwaye enkosi ndikwazile ukuyiphumeza Akukho ngxaki.
Molo ndinemibuzo,
Ndinenkqubo yewebhu ekufuneka ibhale umfanekiso kwiseva ye-linux,
iinkcukacha kukuba ayikuvumeli ukuyibhalisa, zama ukutshintsha iimvume kodwa ayikwazanga,
Ndimtsha koku, kuba ndingathanda ukuba undikhokele, enkosi.
Yiya ukuba indincedile, enkosi kakhulu ngegalelo.
Ngokwam, amaxwebhu andincedile ukuba ndifunde, neyathi yenziwa kwimisebenzi endiyenzayo.
Izenzo ezifanelekileyo endizenzileyo zazikwiDebian. Ndiyakuvuyela nemibuliso.
Ukufundisa okugqwesileyo kwiimvume kwi-GNU / Linux. Amava am njengomsebenzisi weLinux nanjengomphathi weeseva ngokusekwe kusasazo lwe-GNU / Linux kukuba uninzi lweengxaki zobuchwephesha ezinokuvela zixhomekeke kulawulo lweemvume zamaqela kunye nabasebenzisi. Le yinto ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. Ndivuyisana noPerseus ngebhlog yakhe kwaye ndinomdla wokujoyina imikhosi ye-GNU kule bhlog. Imibuliso evela eMexico, maqabane!
Molo, okokuqala ndiyakuvuyela kakhulu inqaku kwaye ndiyakucebisa ndineli tyala: 4 ———- 1 ingcambu ingcambu 2363 Feb 19 11:08 / njl / isithunzi nge-4 phambili ukuba ziya kufundwa njani ezi mvume.
Gracias
IWindows: Khetha ifolda, iqhosha lasekunene, iipropathi> Ukhuseleko kwithebhu, apho unokongeza okanye ucime abasebenzisi okanye amaqela, kwaye nganye nganye ibeke iimvume ozifunayo (funda, ubhale, ulawulo olupheleleyo, njl. Andazi ukuba uthetha ukuthini
Ngendlela, ndisebenzisa i-linux yonke imihla, ndisebenzisa i-elementary, esekwe kubuntu.
Hamba kakuhle
ngokumangalisayo lelona nqaku lichazwe ngcono
I gracias
umhlobo:
Igalelo elihle kakhulu, landinceda kakhulu.
mbulela
Nyana wenja, le ayisebenzi.
Bangaphi kuni abaye baqaphela ukuba xa sihleli emva kwe "Windows" ikhomputha Leyo nxalenye ayiyiyo yonke into, kuba ukususela kwiWindows NT, nangaphambi kweWindows 98 kwaye ingxaki ongenayo ukhuseleko ayiyiyo yonke into.
Ukhuseleko kwiWindows yinto iMicrosoft ethathe ngokungathí sina ngesizathu sokuba yeyona nkqubo yedesktop esetyenziswa kakhulu namhlanje.
Inqaku licacisiwe kakuhle malunga neemvume ze-GNU / Linux kodwa ujikeleze njengoko kusoloko kusenzeka kula manqaku athi lowo ubhalayo nokuba akasebenzisi Windows okanye akayazi indlela yokuyisebenzisa kuba abayithandi kwaye bayifumana kuphela uphononongo olubi.
Into ekufuneka igxininisiwe kukuba iWindows ikhuselekile kakhulu kwinkqubo yayo yefayile ene-ACL (uLuhlu loLawulo lokuFikelela) uphawu oluthwala kwiWindows kuzo zonke iiWindows NT ezenza ukuba inkqubo yefayile ikhuseleke kakhulu. Kwi-GNU / Linux bayizalisekisile.
Ukusukela Windows Vista iUAC (uLawulo lweAkhawunti yoMsebenzisi) iphunyeziwe kwaye yenze ukuba kube lula ukusebenzisa iWindows ngaphandle kokuba ibe ngumlawuli ukuyisebenzisa kakuhle.
Kum into elungileyo abayisebenzisileyo kuba ukusebenzisa iWindows XP njengomsebenzisi ngaphandle kwemvume yolawulo kunokwenzeka, kodwa ekhaya ngubani oyisebenzise ngoluhlobo? phantse akukho mntu ngenxa yokungakhululeki kokungabinanto efana ne-UAC.
Kuthekani ukuba kuye kwacaca kum ukuba nabani na obhale eli nqaku ukwenzile akubhalileyo nangona engakhange ayichaze i-ACU ye-GNU / Linux.
Molo mhlobo, ulwazi oluhle, bendifuna nje ukubuza
Ngaba kukho indlela yokwenza oku, ukuba kwi-metasploit, ngaphakathi kumatshini wexhoba?
Ngaba kunokwenziwa ngezi mvume ukwenza loo fayile ingafaneleki, okanye akunakwenzeka, ndithetha ukuba ngaphakathi kwe-metasploit?
Enkosi kakhulu ngale bhlog, ulwazi oluhle kakhulu.