Ukulungiswa kwenkqubo: Njani kwi-chroot

Amaxesha amaninzi, ngakumbi xa siphambuka, siye sazifumana sisebunzimeni bokungakwazi ukufikelela kwinkqubo ukuyilungisa, kodwa isisombululo silula: sebenzisa lo myalelo chroot kuyo nayiphi na i-LiveCD / yokulungisa iCD.

Kwiindawo ezininzi (iiforamu, iibhlog ...) lo myalelo ukhankanyiwe kwaye "ikopi / uncamathisela" ikhowudi inikiwe, kodwa injongo yam ngale post kukuchaza la manyathelo kancinci, ukuze usisebenzise kakuhle esi sixhobo, ngolwazi yesizathu.

Intshayelelo

Umyalelo chroot Yaziwa njenge CHangeROOT, Oko kukuthi, umyalelo ekuvumela ukuba utshintshe ingcambu yenkqubo osebenza kuyo. Ngamanye amagama: ukuba uvela kwi-LiveCD kwaye ufuna yonke into osebenza kuyo kwikhonsoli ukuba nefuthe kwinkqubo efakiweyo, kufuneka uqale usebenzise chroot.

Ingxaki kukuba ayonelanga ukuyisebenzisa chroot Kananjalo, kufuneka siqale ngokufaka ngokufanelekileyo izahlulelo ezithile.

KWENZIWA KANJANI

Kuqala kufuneka siqale i-terminal, nokuba ivela kwenye inkqubo efakiweyo (kolunye ukwahlula / idiski) okanye kwi-LiveCD. OKUBALULEKILEYO: uyilo lwe-LiveCD kufuneka lungqamane nenkqubo eza kulungiswa (ama-32 okanye ama-64 amasuntswana).
Nje ukuba sibekho kwisiphelo sendlela siza kuqala ukufumanisa izahlulelo zethu:
fdisk -l

• Ngalo myalelo siza kudwelisa zonke izahlulelo / iidiski zethu. Kuya kufuneka sichonge ukuba leliphi isahlulelo ekujoliswe kuso, apho inkqubo yethu yokulungisa ifakwe khona, ukusukela ngoku siza kuyibiza inkqubo eyaphukileyo.

Kulo mzekelo siya kuqaphela ukuba inkqubo yethu eyaphukileyo ikwi / dev / sda1 .

Siyaqhubeka nokudibanisa inkqubo. Kuqala siza kwenza ifolda apho siza kusebenza khona kwaye kamva sibeka isahlulelo apho inkqubo yethu eyaphukileyo ikule folda
mkdir /mnt/my_linux
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/my_linux
Ukuba unayo ifolda / ikhaya o / var okanye enye into kwenye isahlulelo, kuya kufuneka uyinyuse / s ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/my_linux/var

• QAPHELA: Ndithathe njengomzekelo ukwahlula / i-dev / sda2 yolawulo lwe / var, umntu ngamnye makalungelelanise ikhowudi kwiimpawu zazo.

Ngokwesiqhelo oku kuya kwanela ukuba ufuna ukuhlela iifayile ngesandla, kodwa ukuba sifuna ukwenza eminye imiyalelo emisela inkqubo, kufuneka sonyuse iifolda ezithile zenkqubo: / dev, / Inkqubo y  / ii-sys.
mount -t proc proc /mnt/my_linux/proc
mount -t sysfs sys /mnt/my_linux/sys
mount -o bind /dev /mnt/my_linux/dev

• Ngokukhetha -t sixelela Ukunyuka uhlobo "lwenkqubo yefayile" esifuna ukuyinyusa. Kuyimfuneko ukuyichaza ngenxa yohlobo olukhethekileyo lweefolda / Inkqubo y / ii-sys.

• Ngokukhetha -o sichaza ukhetho lwe Ukunyuka. Inketho bopha isebenza "ikhonkco". Kwi-UNIX zonke izixhobo zekhompyutha ziyafikeleleka kwifolda / dev, Kungenxa yoko le nto kufuneka sinyuse okwangoku / dev kwifolda apho inkqubo yethu eyaphukileyo ikhoyo ngoku. Njengoko le folda sele inyusiwe, kufuneka uxelele kuphela Ukunyuka apho ibifakwe khona ekuqaleni.

Yenziwe ngale ndlela ukuze chroot babe nokufikelela kwezi folda ngokungathi yinkqubo eyaphukileyo, nangona kufuneka ukuba zivela kwinkqubo yangoku (ex: Iseshoni ye-LiveCD) kuba zinxulumene nemeko yenkqubo, iinkqubo kunye nezixhobo.

Ngoku lixesha lokusebenzisa chroot:
chroot /mnt/my_linux/ /bin/bash

• Umyalelo udlulisiwe njengempikiswano indlela yengcambu entsha «/» (kwimeko yethu / mnt / yam_linux) kunye nekhonsoli ofuna ukuyisebenzisa (kule meko sikhethe i-bash eyaziwayo, efumaneka kwi / ibin / ibash). Ukuba asiyichazanga ikhonsoli esiya kuzifumana ngayo ngaphambi kwetoliki yomyalelo othile (ayizalisi xa ucofa i-tab, njl.

Ngoku singasebenzisa ikhonsoli ngokungathi sineseshoni yengcambu eqale kwinkqubo yethu eyaphukileyo (hlela iifayile, jonga izikripthi, faka / khipha iipakeji ...). ISILUMKISO! Ukuze utshintsho olwenziwe luqale ukusebenza, kufuneka ususe inkqubo emva kokuphuma chrootJonga umzekelo ongezantsi.

Ulwazi oluninzi kwi https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Change_Root (ngaphezu kokufunda okucetyiswayo).

Umzekelo wokusebenzisa: buyisela GRUB2

Enye yezona zinto zisetyenziswayo chroot Isisixhobo sokulungisa iGRUB. Ukusukela ukuba igrub iyaphuka, akunakwenzeka ukuba iqalise inkqubo yethu ukuyilungisa.

ISAZISO: esi sifundo sincinci ngumzekelo nje, sisebenza kunikezelo olwahlukeneyo oluvela kwi-Debian, Ubuntu kunye ne-openSUSE phakathi kwabanye. Nangona kunjalo, jonga amaxwebhu osasazo lwakho, kuba kumyalelo omninzi akafumaneki uhlaziyo-lwegrub.
# QAPHELA: le miyalelo isebenza kanye ngaphakathi kwe-chroot.update-grub
grub-install /dev/sda

• Con uhlaziyo-lwegrub Sihlaziya imenyu yegalelo le-GRUB2, ngaloo ndlela songeza naziphi na izinto ezikhoyo. Emva kwexesha sifaka i-GRUB kwidiski yethu, kuba yonakele.

Kule meko ndithathile / dev / sda Njengediski apho sinenkqubo yethu, oku kufuneka kulungiselelwe imeko yakho.

I-GRUB yethu kufanele ukuba sele ilungisiwe, ke kufuneka siphume chroot, yehlisa inkqubo yefayile (EBALULEKILEYO) kwaye uqalise kwakhona ukuze utshintsho luqale ukusebenza. Ukuba siyalibala ukwehlisa isixokelelwano sefayile, kunokwenzeka ukuba xa uqala kwakhona abayi kwehla ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ngenxa yoko ezinye iinguqu zingazukusebenza.
# sishiye umqalaexit
# yehlisa inkqubo yefayile kunye nokuqalisa kwakhonaumount /mnt/my_linux/dev
umount /mnt/my_linux/sys
umount /mnt/my_linux/proc
umount /mnt/my_linux
reboot
Kwaye konke oko. Ndiyathemba ukuba uyayonwabela kwaye iyakunceda. Umbuliso!