Iziphumo: Yeyiphi eyona Linux yokuhambisa ngo-2012?

Ngo-2012, sasineLuxux yazo zonke izinto esizithandayo kunye neencasa. Sineenguqulelo ezintsha zolwabiwo oluqhelekileyo kwaye ezinye izibonelelo ezintsha zavela ezishiya ngaphezulu konwabe kakhulu. Kule nqaku, sihlalutya ngokweenkcukacha isiphumo se ukuvota siqale kwiveki ephelileyo. Enkosi kwi 2115 abantu ukuba bayishiyile eyabo kuvota!

Iziphumo

• Ubuntu 28.98% (613 iivoti)
• I-Linux Mint 27.75% (587 iivoti)
• I-Debian 11.16% (236 iivoti)
• IArch Linux 10.45% (221 iivoti)
• Okunye: 9.17% (194 iivoti)
• Fedora 7.94% (168 iivoti)
• I-OpenSUSE 3.45% (iivoti ezingama-73)
• UMageia 1.09% (23 iivoti)

Uhlalutyo

Ubuntu kunye neLinux Mint itshayelwe, ithatha indawo yokuqala neyesibini, kuloo nto yayiyintloko yokulwa ngentloko. Phakathi kwaba babini bathabathe ngaphezulu kwe-50% yeevoti. Kwindawo yesithathu ekude yiDebian, elandelwa ngokusondeleyo yiArch Linux.

Into enomdla kukuba lonke ulwabiwo olusekwe kwi-Debian longezwa kwi-68%. Ngokwenxalenye yayo, ukwehla okucacileyo kokuhanjiswa okwaziwayo okufana neFedora okanye i-OpenSUSE kusabetha.

Ngokwesicelo sikawonke-wonke, ezona ndawo zichaziweyo ngaphakathi kolunye udidi, ezingathathanga ngaphezulu nangaphantsi kweevoti ezili-194, zezi: Ubuntu ezahlukeneyo (Kubuntu, Xubuntu, Lubuntu), Manjaro, Crunchbang, Trisquel, SolusOS, I-Chakra Linux, iBodhi Linux, iGentoo, iSabayon, i-OS yokuqala, phakathi kwabanye.

Okokugqibela, ndothuswa nguMageia, kuba yindawo efanelekileyo kakhulu kwaye esemgangathweni "wabaqalayo" kwi-distro. Mhlawumbi abantu abaninzi basamdibanisa noMandriva kunye neengxaki zayo zemali, okanye mhlawumbi akanakho ukuthengisa okungako emva kwakhe. Ngapha koko, andazi, kodwa kuyahlekisa.

Ukhetho lwam

Inyani yile yokuba umbuzo wophando uyakhohlisa. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba akukho "sabelo" sokuhanjiswa kweLinux. Enkosi "kwinkululeko" yesoftware yasimahla, kunokwenzeka ukuba wenze uhlengahlengiso olulunge ngakumbi kwiimfuno kunye nokukwazi ukwenza nganye.

Ngale ndlela, ukuba kukho nantoni na, kukho "ezona distros zibalaseleyo" ze:

• ii-novices okanye abasebenzisi abaphambili
• Umsebenzi othile (i-desktop, iiseva, imfundo, imultimedia, ukhuseleko, njl.

Eyona rookie distro kunye neyona deso yedesktop ilungileyo: iLinux Mint 13

Ngokusekwe kwi-Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (olona hlobo "luzinzileyo" lwe-Ubuntu ngo-2012), iLinux Mint 13 ibonelela ngayo yonke into enokufunwa ngumsebenzisi we-novice:

• Inkxaso yehardware elungileyo, 
• ii-codecs zevidiyo ezizizo kunye nabaqhubi ababandakanywe ngokungagqibekanga, 
• ujongano lomsebenzisi olufana kakhulu neWindows (ngokuchasene noManyano okanye iGnome Shell esekwe kwi-distros), njl.
• Zininzi iinkqubo ezikhoyo (kuba isekwe Ubuntu kunye neDebian)

Eyona distro yabasebenzisi bamandla: Arch Linux

Ewe zikhona ezinye, zilunge kakhulu, njengeGentoo. Nangona kunjalo, iArch Linux ibikhula kancinci kodwa ngokuthe chu. Inoluntu olunomona ngokwenyani kunye ne-Wiki ejongeka njenge-Aleph: yonke into ikhona, igxile, akukho nto ibalekileyo.

IArch inento eyenzelwe mna ngoyena mphathi wephakheji ukude: akukho ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwePacman. Ukongeza ekubeni neendawo zokugcina ezikhulu ezisemthethweni, ivumela ukufakwa kweenkqubo ezongezelelweyo nge-AUR (into efana ne-Ubuntu PPA yokugcina izinto kodwa ingcono). Ukwenza iphakheji yeArch, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, kulula kakhulu kunokwenza enye yeDebian okanye Ubuntu. Ngesi sizathu, zininzi iiphakheji ezikhoyo kwi-AUR kunee-PPAs. Kwelinye icala, yakuba yongezwe i-AUR, ukukhangela kunye nokufakwa kweenkqubo kubumnandi (ngokungafaniyo no-Ubuntu apho ungenakho ukukhangela isiseko se-PPAs ezikhoyo nokuba ukufakelwa kwe-PPA kufuna imiyalelo emininzi. ).

Konke oku kwenza iArch ibe nomoya opholileyo. Ifilosofi yayo isekwe kwi-Keep it Simple, Stupid (KISS). Inyani yile yokuba nje ukuba ufikelele kwimixholo ethile esisiseko, iArch iphela ilula kakhulu, ikhululekile kwaye iguquguquke kuneBuntu kunye nokunye okunjalo.

Ibhaso leSityhilelo: Manjaro Linux

Ngokusekwe kwiArch Linux, iza nayo yonke into eyenza iArch ibe yi-GREAT distro. Kodwa inokongezwa uninzi lwethu oluxabisa kakhulu: ufakelo lwayo LUKHULU ngokukhawuleza, kuba luza, njengazo zonke i-distros, kwiincasa eziqhelekileyo ze-GNOME, KDE, LXDE, njl. KwiArch, nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka ufake yonke into ngesandla, eyenza ufakelo lokuqala lube lukhulu engo… Ucotha.

Ngelinye igama, iManjaro yindibaniselwano yezona zibalaseleyo zehlabathi.

Eyona distro ilaptops ilungileyo: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS

Ubuntu 12.04 inolawulo olugqwesileyo lwentsebenzo yamandla, izinzile, kwaye ine-graphical interface efanelekileyo kwezi ntlobo zezixhobo.

Kule ndawo, sinokongeza uLubuntu kwaye phantse naluphi na uhambiso olusekwe kwi-LXDE. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi ukuba badala kakhulu okanye azikho kangako izixhobo "ezinamandla" ezifuna "ukuvuswa."

Olona hlobo lubalaseleyo lwe desktop kwishishini: RHELD 6

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, laurels baye SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop (SLED). Nangona kunjalo, kulo nyaka iRed Hat Enterprise Linux Desktop 6 (RHELD) iwenze ngokufanelekileyo umsebenzi wasekhaya.

Kutheni etshintsha nje? Kuyavela ukuba iRed Hat yenza inkqubela phambili kwicandelo lobuchule kunye netekhnoloji entsha enxulumene "nelifu."

Ukuhanjiswa okugqwesileyo kweeseva zeshishini: RHEL & SLES

I-SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 6 kunye neRed Hat Enterprise Linux 6 ngabaphumeleleyo ngokucacileyo. Zombini zinenkxaso yehardware engaqhelekanga esele siqhelene nayo, ekhokelela kuzinzo olukhulu lwenkqubo. Ukongeza, kuzo zombini iimeko iinkonzo zoncedo lweoyile luphawu lwentengiso.

Ityala likaRed Hat liyakhanyisa: kulo nyaka inkampani idlulise uphawu lwe- $ XNUMX yezigidigidi kwimarike yemasheya. Kubonakala ngathi isoftware yasimahla inokuba lishishini elilungileyo.

Eyona LiveCD ilungileyo: IKNOPPIX kunye nePuppy Linux

Namhlanje phantse lonke ulwabiwo lunokusetyenziswa njenge-cd ephilayo. Ngale ndlela, olu didi luphulukana nokusebenza okuthile. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye izibonelelo ezenzelwe ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa kwaye zibandakanya izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zenjongo ngokubanzi kwisitayile se "Swiss Army knife" kwaye ezivumela ukubuyiswa kwedatha okanye amanye amaziko, i-backups, njl.

Zombini ezi Knoppix, ezisebenzisa i-LXDE, kunye nePuppy Linux, esebenzisa i-ultra-lightweight JWM, zibandakanya zonke ezi zixhobo. Zombini ezi zinto zisasaziweyo ziyacetyiswa kakhulu kwi-cd yeli nenekazi kunye nakwisambuku sendoda.

Olona lawulo lubalaseleyo kuhlalutyo lokhuseleko: BackTrack Linux 5

Akukho mbuzo, i-BackTrack iyaqhubeka nokubonelela ngothotho lwezixhobo ezikhuselekileyo zomnqwazi omhlophe zokuvavanya nayiphi na inkqubo okanye ukubona iingxaki zenethiwekhi.

Ibandakanya uluhlu olude lwezixhobo ezikhutshelwa ngaphandle kwebhokisi, kubandakanya izikena ezininzi kunye nokuskena ukuba semngciphekweni, ukuxhaphaza iifayile, isniffers, izixhobo zohlalutyo lwasenkundleni, kunye nezixhobo zokuphicotha ngaphandle kwamacingo.

Ukuhanjiswa okugqwesileyo ukuhlela kwemultimedia: Ubuntu Studio 12.04

Ubuntu Studio 12.04, esekwe kuhlobo oluhambelanayo lwe-Ubuntu, iphumelele kwimveliso yeaudiyo, yevidiyo kunye nemizobo, njengoko ineseti epheleleyo yezixhobo, kunye nenkxaso ebalulekileyo yeefomathi kunye neekhowudi zoluhlu olubanzi lweefomathi Imithombo yeendaba.

Xa kufikwa kuhlelo lokumamela, iMusix, ukuhanjiswa kwemvelaphi yaseArgentina, kufanelekile ukukhankanywa okhethekileyo, okundothusileyo ngomgangatho wayo omangalisayo. Kuza ne-kernel ye-low-latency ehambelanayo ukukhusela "ukutsiba" ekurekhodweni kwaye kubandakanya zonke ezona zixhobo ziphambili zokudala umsindo kunye nezixhobo zokuhlela. Elinye inqaku elibalulekileyo kukuba yenye yeendlela ezimbalwa eziqwalaselwa njenge-100% simahla yi-FSF.

Olona lwabiwo lwemfundo lubalaseleyo: Edubuntu 12.04

I-Edubuntu iphuhlisiwe ngokusebenzisana nootitshala kunye neetekhnoloji ezivela kumazwe amaninzi. I-Edubuntu yakhelwe kwi-Ubuntu kwaye ibandakanya uyilo lwabathengi be-LTSP, kunye nokusetyenziswa okuthe ngqo kwemfundo, kugxilwe kubemi abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-6 neli-18 ubudala.

Kwelinye icala, ndiyathanda ukuba ayinxulunyaniswa neprojekthi ethile yemfundo. Ndibhekisa ngqo kulwabiwo olwenziwe nguRhulumente okanye yi-NGO ukwenza isicwangciso semfundo esithile (Cwangcisa i-Conectar Igualdad okanye i-One Laptop ngomntwana ngamnye, umzekelo).

Okokugqibela kodwa kungaphelelanga apho, kukusasazwa kwezemfundo okunoluntu olukhulu.

Ukuhanjiswa kweyona mini ilungileyo: DSL 4.4.10 kunye neSlitaz 4

I-Damn Encinci yeLinux iyasasazeka kwaye isasazekile iLinux LiveCD yokuhanjiswa, esekwe kwiKnoppix, eyilelwe ukusebenza kwiikhompyuter ngezixhobo ezimbalwa kakhulu okanye ezindala, ezinje ngeeprosesa ze-Intel 80486. Ubungakanani bayo obucothisiweyo (50MB) buyakwazi ukugcina ubuncwane beKnoppix kwindawo epheleleyo idesika. Ngombulelo kubungakanani bayo obuncinci, inokufakwa ngaphakathi kweMemori ye-USB kwaye ikhutshwe nayo kuyo nayiphi na ikhompyuter.

I-SliTaz GNU / Linux sisibonelelo esincinci kunye ne-LiveCD yenkqubo yokusebenza ye-LinuxGNU / Linux eyilelwe ukuba isebenze kwi-Hardware ene-128 Mb yememori ye-RAM, yiyo loo nto ibe yeyona incinci kuyo yonke i-minus yokwabiwa kwe-GNU / Linux, ine-30 Mb yeCD kunye ne-80 Mb kwi-hard drive xa sele ifakiwe. Ukusuka kwi-16 Mb ye-RAM inomphathi wewindows JWM (kwinguqulelo yokupheka yi-LXDE).

Jonga uluhlu olupheleleyo lwe Ulwabiwo oluncinci lweLinux.