Qokelela iKernel: Uyenza njani kwi-Debian base Distro?
Kwethu ungeno lwangaphambili, fowuni "I-Linux Kernel: i-Kernel Basics" sithetha ngezinye iziseko zethiyori ezibalulekileyo malunga IiKernels zeNkqubo yokuSebenza, ngokwesiqhelo; kwaye i I-Linux kernel, ngqo.
Kwaye njengoko sibonisile kuyo, kule, siya kube sigqibezela iziseko zethiyori ezibalulekileyo nabanye iikhonsepthi ezibalulekileyo kunye nolwazi, ngaphezu kokubonisa inkqubo yangoku yokufezekisa "qulunqa iLinux Kernel" ukusuka ekuqaleni, kwi a Debian GNU/Linux 11 ukuhanjiswa (Bullseye) okanye ngokusekelwe kuyo.
I-Linux Kernel: I-Kernel Basics
Kwaye, ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukufunda le post malunga "qokelela i-kernel" Linux Ngokubanzi, siya kushiya ezinye iilinki ukuya Izithuba zangaphambili ezinxulumene noko ukuze ufunde kamva:
Yakha iKernel: Yakha iSifundo
Kuthetha ukuthini ukuqulunqa inkqubo?
Ngokusisiseko oku inkqubo yobugcisa (ekwabizwa ngokuba kukupakishwa) ibandakanya ukuzuza uguqulelo lwekhowudi yemvelaphi yenkqubo okanye inxalenye yesoftware, isuka kumthombo wayo (ulwimi lwenkqubo olusetyenziselwa ukuzibhala ngokwalo) ukuya a imveliso efundekayo (ulwimi lwenkqubo olukwinqanaba eliphezulu olutolika) ngekhompyutha.
Oko kukuthi, ukufikelela guqula ikhowudi yakho yemvelaphi ide ibe ngu inkqubo ephunyeziweyo nesebenzayo, ngokusebenzisa a iprosesa (isoftware yomqokeleli) kuguqulelo lolwimi lwenkqubo olusetyenziswa kwikhowudi yokubini kunye nodidi lokuhlanganisa.
Kwaye xa kufika phuhlisa kwaye uqulunqe naluphi na uhlobo iphakheji, isicelo kunye neprogram, esisiseko kunye nemveli, njenge iinkozo malunga I-Debian GNU / Linux, ezi phakheji zilandelayo zifanelekile kwaye ziyimfuneko ukufumana okulungileyo isiseko senkxaso yophuhliso, kwaye zezi:
apt install autoconf automake autotools-dev build-essential dh-make debhelper debmake devscripts dpkg fakeroot file gfortran git gnupg fp-compiler lintian patch pbuilder perl python quilt xutils-dev
Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo zokuqulunqa iLinux Kernel ukusuka ekuqaleni
Xa siqokelela kwaye silungiselela, ukusuka ekuqaleni, iKernel ethile yekhompyuter ethile, sinokufumana ezi zibonelelo zilandelayo:
- Ukufezekisa ukusebenza okungcono kunye nokusetyenziswa okuphantsi kwe-CPU.
- Fumana ukuphuculwa okungcono kunye nokusetyenziswa okuphantsi kweMemori ye-RAM.
- Ukuphucula ukulungelelanisa kunye nokuhambelana kwenkqubo yokusebenza.
- Ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nemveliso yenkqubo yokusebenza.
Ngelixa, ngokuchaseneyo, sinokwenza ezi zinto zingalunganga zilandelayo:
- Ukusilela ekusebenzeni nokufumaneka yezibonelelo ezifunwayo kunye neenkonzo kwikhompyuter esetyenzisiweyo, ngenxa yolungelelwaniso olubi kunye neengxaki ezibangelwe ngexesha lokuqulunqwa.
- Umsebenzi oqhubekayo, omde kunye nodinayo ekuqaleni ukuwuvelisa, kwaye emva koko, ukuyigcina ihlaziywa ngesandla. Okunokuhamba ukusuka kwimizuzu ukuya kwiiyure, kuxhomekeke kwi-hardware esetyenzisiweyo.
- Iiyure ezinde zokufunda kunye neemvavanyo, ekubeni umgangatho ophezulu wolwazi ufunekayo zombini malunga neenketho zoqwalaselo ezikhoyo kwi-Kernel kunye nekhompyutheni (i-hardware yokugqibela), apho iya kuphunyezwa khona.
Iindidi zeKernel ezifumanekayo
ukuba qokelela ikernel, into yokuqala ekufuneka siyazi ukuba yeyiphi i-Kernel esinokuyikhetha. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka siye ku website esemthethweni yeenkozo, kwaye ukhethe enye phakathi koluhlu olukhoyo. Zeziphi ezi zilandelayo:
- Umgca ongundoqo wophuhliso (Umgca ongundoqo): Olu didi lubandakanya ezo Kernels kwinqanaba lophuhliso, ngoko ke, ziqulethe izinto ezintsha kunye nemisebenzi ekufuneka ivavanywe ngaphambi kokuba ifakwe kwinguqu ezinzileyo. Ezi zigcinwe kwaye zikhutshwe ngokuthe ngqo nguLinus Torvalds, kwaye zikhutshwe zonke iinyanga ze-2-3 ngokomndilili.
- Izinzile: Olu didi lubandakanya ezo Kernels ezithi, emva kokuphumelela iimvavanyo zenkqubo yophuhliso ende, zizinzile, ngoko ke zixhomekeke kuphela kwizilungiso ngokusebenzisa umlondolozi osemthethweni otyunjiweyo. Kwakhona, banezinto ezimbalwa zokukhupha ibug de kube kufumaneka umgca ongundoqo olandelayo.
- Ixesha elide: Olu didi lubandakanya ezo Kernels ezithi, emva kokuphumelela iimvavanyo zenkqubo ende yophuhliso, zizinzile, kodwa zixhaswa lulungiso lwebug nokugcinwa ixesha elide kakhulu (iminyaka). Isizathu sokuba, kulungiswe iziphene ezibalulekileyo, ezinokuthi ziqheleke kakhulu.
Uqulunqa njani iKernel kwi-GNU/Linux Debian Bullseye Distro?
Ukukhetha enye uhlobo oluthile lwekernel, kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni, kwaye sele ukwazi (ukukopa) yakho indlela yokukhuphela ngokusebenzisa iqhosha letarball okufanayo, kuhlala kuphela ukuphumeza le nkqubo ilandelayo, esiya kubonisa ukuthatha njengomzekelo, i Inguqulo ye-Linux kernel ezinzileyo 6.0.8:
Isigaba 1
cd /usr/src
wget -c https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v6.x/linux-6.0.8.tar.xz
sudo unxz linux-6.0.8.tar.xz
sudo tar xvf linux-6.0.8.tar
sudo ln -s linux-6.0.8 linux
cd /usr/src/linux
sudo make clean && make mrproper
sudo cp /boot/config-`uname -r`* .config
make menuconfigUkwenza lo myalelo wokugqibela kuqala i "Imenyu yoqwalaselo lweKernel", apho unako qwalasela (ukwenza) iiparamitha ukhetho lwakho okanye imfuno. Ukongeza, apha kubalulekile ukuba ungalibali ukuba kuyimfuneko khangela okanye ungakhangeli i-64-bit kernel ukhetho, kuxhomekeke kwinto efunwayo okanye efunekayo. Kwaye kwakhona, emva kokuba wenze zonke iinguqu ezenziweyo, kufuneka cofa i Gcina iqhosha kwaye ke Phuma iqhosha.
Isigaba 2
Ngeli xesha kukho Iindlela ezi-2 ezinokwenzeka Yise e:
Ufakelo lweKernel kuphela
sudo make
sudo make modules_install
sudo make install
sudo update-grub; sudo update-grub2; sudo update-initramfs -u
sudo apt clean; sudo apt autoclean; sudo apt autoremove; sudo apt remove; sudo apt purge
Ukufakwa kweKernel kunye nokuveliswa kweefayile ze-deb
Ukuphumeza eli nyathelo, kufanelekile ukuba ufakelo lomfakelo olubizwa i-kernel-package. Ke ngoko, inkqubo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo kwaye iqala ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
sudo wget -c http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/k/kernel-package/kernel-package_13.018+nmu1~bpo9+1_all.deb
sudo apt install ./kernel-package_13.018+nmu1~bpo9+1_all.deb
fakeroot make-kpkg --initrd --append-to-version=-custom kernel_image kernel_headers
cd /usr/src
sudo dpkg -i *.debKwimeko, ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhlanganiswa, ufumana i imposiso enxulumene nezatifikethi ze-kernel, ihlala ilukhetho ukukwazi ukuphumeza oku kulandelayo umyalelo wokuyilungisa ngokuzenzekelayo:
sed -i '/CONFIG_SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYS/s/^/#/g' .configEwe, yonke into iphelile kakuhle, konke okuseleyo kukuqalisa kwakhona ikhompyuter yethu kwaye sivavanye ukuba inkqubo yethu yokusebenza isebenza njani neKernel entsha. Njengoko eboniswa ngaphambi nasemva, kwezi sikrini zilandelayo:
Ngaphambi koFakelo lweKernel
Emva koFakelo lweKernel
Isishwankathelo
Isishwankathelo, sinethemba lokuba esi sifundo siya kuba luncedo kakhulu, zombini Abasebenzisi abaphambili njenge Abaphuhlisi beDistros okanye iiRespins. edla ngokufuna "qokelela i-kernel" ethile kwiGNU/Linux efakiweyo Inkqubo yokusebenza okanye leyo yenziwa ukusuka ekuqaleni, ukuze ibandakanywe ukusebenza ngcono kunye nokwenza ngcono kwihardware ethile. Ubukhulu becala, ngenjongo yokuzuza, a i-CPU ephantsi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-RAM.
Nangona, ukuba nabani na uyazi nayiphi na enye indlela eluncedo yokuphumeza inkqubo exeliweyo okanye ndazi nayiphi na ingcebiso, ingcebiso okanye isilungiso kule nto inikwe apha, wamkelekile ukuba wenze njalo ngezimvo. Kwaye ewe, uluthande ngokulula olu papasho, ungayeki ukuphawula ngalo kwaye wabelane ngalo nabanye. Kwakhona, khumbula ukutyelela yethu «iphepha lasekhaya» ukuphonononga ezinye iindaba, kunye nokujoyina ijelo lethu elisemthethweni le- ITelegram ye DesdeLinux, Bucala ngasekunene iqela ngolwazi oluthe vetshe ngesihloko sanamhlanje.