Re: Xa igama 'simahla' kwi 'software yasimahla' alinamsebenzi

Ngenye imini ndadibana eli nqaku linomdla isihloko esithi "Xa igama 'simahla' 'kwisoftware yasimahla' alinamsebenzi." Ibhalwe ngu UBenjamin Humphrey, omnye wabaseki be ohso, Inkampani ngasemva kwebhlog eyaziwayo OMG! ubuntu. Ndiqinisekile ukuba amazwi akhe ngawabasebenzisi abaninzi baka-Ubuntu, ngakumbi abo banobuthathaka kwi-Mac.Kodwa, ukongeza, kubonakala kum ukuba uBenjamin ukwazile ukuveza izimvo ezithile kakuhle, endifuna ukuziphikisa, ngokungathandabuzekiyo eziza kuvelisa impikiswano eshushu.

Inqaku liqala ngenkcazo yokuba isoftware yasimahla ithetha ntoni. Njengokuba kuhlala kunjalo ngakumbi kwilizwe elithetha isiNgesi, ikwachaza enkulu ukudideka phakathi kwesoftware yasimahla kunye nesoftware yasimahla. Kodwa ke, andicingi ukuba le yeyona nto inomdla ngeli nqaku.

Xa igama elithi "simahla" kwi "software yasimahla" alinamsebenzi

Ukuba wenze uphando oluncinci kwivenkile yendawo ohlala kuyo, ucinga ukuba bangaphi abantu abasebenzisa isoftware yasimahla? Bangaphi abantu, isoftware yokuthengisa?

Impendulo icacile kwiimeko ezininzi. Isoftware ephetheyo iphambili. Ngelixa abanye abantu besebenzisa isoftware yasimahla, bahlala bengazi ukuba isimahla okanye ayikhathali. Umzekelo obonisayo yiFirefox: inokukhutshelwa ngaphandle kweendleko, kodwa ngaba umsebenzisi ophakathi uyazi ukuba 'ikhululekile' njani? Okanye uyekile ukufunda iqhosha elithi "Khuphela ngoku"?

Kubalulekile ukuzibuza ukuba kutheni loo mntu esebenzisa iFirefox. Kungenxa yokuba isoftware esemgangathweni, enedumela elihle kwaye wakwazi ukuyifumana simahla. Kwiimeko ezininzi, yonke enye into ayinamsebenzi. Inkcazo "yesoftware esemgangathweni" inzima kakhulu, kodwa ukuthetha ngokubanzi, isoftware elungileyo yile:

• Unokuthenjwa
• Kulula ukuyisebenzisa
• Ngokuqinisekileyo
• Unedumela elihle
• Kwaye, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile, iyathandwa (*)

(*) Abantu ziigusha. Ukuba ubona umntu esenza into okanye esebenzisa imveliso ethile, ngokuqinisekileyo uza kwenza okufanayo. Esi sizathu sokuba iinkampani zisebenzise abantu abadumileyo ukubhengeza iimveliso zabo kwaye sisizathu sokuba iintengiso kuFacebook zinokusekwa kwizindululo zabahlobo bakho.

Ngenxa yezi ndlela zilandelayo, ucinga ukuba loluphi olunokwenzeka?

Umntu uhlawula isoftware esemgangathweni okanye uyikhuphele ngaphandle kweintanethi ngokungekho mthethweni.

o

Umntu usebenzisa isoftware yasimahla ekumgangatho ophantsi kunepropathi yokuthengisa.

Ndibheja phantse wonke umntu uza kukhetha 1 ukuba ixabiso lilungile. Khumbula, abantu bazimisele ukuhlawulela iimveliso ezisemgangathweni, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha akukho mfuneko yokuba bahlawule. Ekugqibeleni, abasebenzisi abacingi kakhulu malunga nokuba isoftware "isimahla" njani. Eyona miba mhle yomsebenzisi ophakathi yeyona nto banokufikelela kuyo kwisoftware ethi yona, isimahla kunye nomgangatho.

Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga yabaphuhlisi, abasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo abanamdla kwikhowudi njengathi. Banomdla kwinto abanokuyenza ngale khowudi kwaye baya kuhlawula malini ukufikelela kuyo. Ndisebenzisa uSkype kuba ndicinga ukuba kungcono kuneXMPP yengxoxo yelizwi, kwaye andiyi kuhlawula nto.

Uninzi lwabantu luyaliqonda igama elithi "isoftware yasimahla" ngokwahlukileyo kunabavangeli besoftware yasimahla. Ukushumayela ngesoftware yasimahla kunye nomthombo ovulekileyo yenye yeendlela ezininzi zokuguqula abantu ukuba babe sisoftware yasimahla, kwaye ngokungathandabuzekiyo yenze ukuba abaninzi babuyele kwisoftware yasimahla, kodwa ekugqibeleni ukukholisa uninzi konke kuyehla kumgangatho wesoftware. Ukuba isimahla sisibonelelo esongeziweyo.

Ukuqwalaselwa kunye nezimvo

Ukuqala, masithi ndibelana noBenjamin ngombono wokuba kubalulekile ukuphucula umgangatho wesoftware yasimahla. Yenze ibe lula, inomdla, intle, inamandla (inezinto ezininzi), izinto ezintsha, ezikhuselekileyo, ezihambelanayo, ezinokuqwalaseleka, njl. Akukho mntu kwingqondo yakhe efanelekileyo unokuphikisana noku. Oku mhlawumbi le nto kuphela endiyabelana ngayo noBenjamin.

Ngaba isoftware yasimahla yomgangatho osezantsi kunesoftware yobunini?

Kukho umbono (ongalunganga kwaphela) obaleka ngathi "ngumsonto obomvu" kulo lonke inqaku kwaye, mhlawumbi, yayisesona sizathu esikhuthaze uBenjamin ukuba abhale inqaku elinempikiswano: isoftware yasimahla ikumgangatho ophantsi kunepropathi yokuthengisa .

Akukho sizathu sakuxhasa ibango elinjalo. Ukusuka kwimbono eyinyani, iinyani zibonisa ukuba njengoko kukho isoftware elungileyo kakhulu, kukho isoftware ekumgangatho ophezulu yasimahla. Kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba uthethe oku ngokwemigaqo yethiyori: akukho nto yenza isoftware yasimahla ngokubanzi iphantsi kumgangatho kunesoftware yokuthengisa. Ngokuchasene noko, ukubanakho ukufikelela kwikhowudi yemvelaphi, ukuyiguqula kunye nokuyihambisa ngaphandle kwezithintelo ezisemthethweni kwaye simahla kuvelisa isiphumo sebhola ekhatywayo oko kuthetha ukuba iiprojekthi zesoftware ezahlukeneyo zinokuqhubeka ziphucula.

Umntu unokucinga ukuba kuba "akukho mali ibandakanyekayo," akukho sibonelelo sokwenza ngcono isoftware. Inyaniso ibonakalise okuchaseneyo: zininzi iiprojekthi ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nesoftware yasimahla (iFirefox, umzekelo). Kwelinye icala, musa ukulibala ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba wenze imali ngesoftware yasimahla (Isoftware, inkxaso, njl., Zingathengiswa). Kukho iinkampani ezinkulu ezenza imali kuyo: I-Red Hat, Canonical, njl. Okokugqibela, ukunqongophala kwabadwelisi benkqubo abazinikezela ngokusisigxina kwiprojekthi yesoftware yasimahla kuyahlawulwa yinto yokuba nayiphi na inkqubo kule planethi inokufikelela kwikhowudi kwaye incedise okwenziwe ngabanye. Ngamanye amagama, ukunqongophala kwexesha labanye kuyahlawulwa ngoncedo lwabanye. Ungayichazanga inyani ecacileyo: iyonke, singcono kakhulu kuyo sebenza kwizinto esizithandayo kwaye senza nje ukonwaba kunabo apho sinyanzelwa ukuba sizikhohlise ngento yokuba kufuneka sigoduke nesonka phantsi kwengalo yethu.

Ngaphaya koko, nangona isenokubonakala ngathi sisigqebelo esikhohlakeleyo, uninzi lwezizathu ezithi zivelise izikhalazo ezivela kubasebenzisi besoftware yasimahla zinemvelaphi yazo kuthintelo lwesoftware yobunini. ILibreOffice ayiwafundi kakuhle amaxwebhu am eLizwi! Ndifuna inkqubo yam ikwazi ukufunda iifayile zeMP3 "ngaphandle kwebhokisi"! Kutheni iFlash kunye ne-Skype imbi kangaka kwiLinux? Kutheni le nto ividiyo yam okanye ikhadi le-Wi-Fi lingasebenzi njengoko lisenza kwiWindows? Okokugqibela, obu "bunzima" bunento yokwenza nokwenziwa kwemigangatho yokuma kunye neefomathi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo sokubambisa (kunye nabaqhubi bazo, kwanobunini bazo). Ngokucacileyo, ukukholelwa ukuba isoftware yasimahla, iyodwa, iya kusombulula zonke iingxaki zethu yimpazamo. Ngokwenyani, sijamelene nesigebenga esikhulu ngakumbi, njengoko kuchaziwe koku elinye inqaku.

Ingxaki asikuko ukuba iLibreOffice ayinakho ukuvula ezona fayile zeLizwi zinzima ngaphandle kwengxaki, kodwa ukuba ifomathi yeLizwi yeyabanini kwaye iinkcukacha zayo zigcinwa zifihliwe, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kube nzima kakhulu ukumilisela kunye nokuyixhasa kwizicelo ezingezizo ezo IMicrosoft uqobo okanye abo iMicrosoft "ithengisa" kuyo imveliso. Ngapha koko, umntu unokuthi ingxaki ikwiLizwi ngokwalo, elingavumeli ukuvula iifayile ngeefomathi zasimahla, ngaphandle kwento yokuba Umbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe wokuBekwa emgangathweni (ISO) ukhethe ifomathi I-OpenDocument njengaye umgangatho wokutshintshana isicatshulwa esifomathiweyo. Ngendlela efanayo, singatsho ukuba ingxaki ayisiyiyo yokuba "ngesandla" sifake inkxaso ye-MP3 kwezinye ii-Linux distros (ayingomsebenzi onzima kakhulu, akunjalo?) Kodwa eyona nto iphosakeleyo kukuba Abadlali beaudiyo ephathekayo abazixhasi iifomati zasimahla (i-ogg, i-flac, njl. Njl.) Kwaye banyanzele ukuba usebenzise iMP3.

Into efanayo eyenzekayo nabaqhubi: inyani yokuba iLinux ixhasa isixa esikhulu sehardware yenye yezo mimangaliso esifanele ukubulela ngazo. Kwaye nditsho ukuba ngummangaliso kuba, ukuya kuthi ga kwiinkampani ezenza izixhobo zekhompyutha ezingabakhuphi abaqhubi bazo kunye nezixhobo, ukukhula kwabaqhubi basimahla beLinux yinkqubo enzima kakhulu kwaye inzima; Kufana nokuthetha isiTshayina ngaphandle kokuba nesichazi-magama saseTshayina-iSpanish-nesiTshayina. Sele usebenzisa isichazi-magama, izinto ziba nzima ... cinga ngokungakwazi ukufikelela kuzo. Ngokucacileyo, kuthatha ixesha ngaphambi kokuba umntu aqalise incoko ehambelanayo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, abo basebenzisa abaqhubi abavaliweyo baya kwenza ngcono (ubuncinci ekuqaleni) kude kube abo baphuhlisa abaqhubi basimahla baqonde ukuba zisebenza njani na ezi zixhobo. Yinkqubo ende ye zama kwaye usilele kunye neendlela ezintsonkothileyo ze ukubuyisela umva kubunjineli. Kwakhona, ungalibali ukuba abaqhubi basimahla baqala ukukhula kwabo emva ukubonakala kwehardware, ngelixa abaqhubi abavaliweyo bephuhliswa ngabavelisi behardware Ngelixa iziqwenga zehardware ngokwazo ziyaphuhliswa. Ukongeza kule nto kukuba abaqhubi baphuhliswa ngabantu abafanayo abenza izixhobo zekhompyuter, abathi ekugqibeleni babe ngabo abakwaziyo ukusebenza kwabo ngaphakathi. Ezi zimbini zinzima ukusombulula. Ukuphela "kokubuya" kukulwa ukuze abavelisi ngokwabo baqale ukuphuhlisa izixhobo zasimahla kunye nabaqhubi ... abanye sele beyenza.

Nangona kunjalo, inye inqaku kwinto ethi uBenjamin yinyani: abantu bakhetha umgangatho kunasimahla. Bambalwa abanokwamkela into engenamsebenzi, nokuba isimahla (kwaye oku kuyinyani ngokubanzi, hayi isoftware kuphela). Nangona kunjalo, ndicinga ukuba ingxaki ikukuba sicinga kuphela ngomgangatho okanye ngesisa sesoftware hayi ngenkululeko yethu. Inkululeko yethu njengabasebenzisi inxulumene ngokusisiseko nenkqubo yophuhliso lwesoftware. Ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba abasebenzisi baqale ukwazi okungakumbi malunga nokuba iinkqubo abazisebenzisayo zisebenza njani kunye nendlela eziphuhliswa ngayo, kunye nenqanaba lokuba ukuphuculwa kwesoftware kuvulelekile kwaye kungalingani ngokulinganayo, Abasebenzisi abanjengabaphuhlisi abenza loo software.

Isoftware ekumgangatho ophezulu nayo "ingalunganga"

Uluvo lokuba sifuna ukuba isoftware ibe namandla kwaye inokuthenjwa luvela ekucingeni ukuba isoftware yenzelwe ukukhonza abasebenzisi bayo. Ukuba inamandla kwaye ithembekile, oko kuthetha ukuba iyabanceda ngcono.

Kodwa unokuthi kuphela ukuba isoftware isebenza kubasebenzisi bayo ukuba iyayihlonipha inkululeko yabo. Kuthekani ukuba isoftware yenzelwe ukudibanisa abasebenzisi bayo? Ke amandla athetha kuphela ukuba amatyathanga athintele ngakumbi, kwaye ukuthembeka kuthetha ukuba kunzima ukususa. Imisebenzi enobungozi njengokuhlola abasebenzisi, ukuthintela abasebenzisi, ukusebenzisa iingcango zangasemva, kunye nohlaziyo olunyanzelisiweyo ziqhelekile kwisoftware yokuthengisa. Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ubuchwephesha banokuba ziingceba zesoftware, kodwa ngaba ziyanqweneleka?

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya, funda Oku kubhaliwe de la Isiseko seSoftware sasimahla.

Ngaba umgangatho owenza abasebenzisi basebenzise isoftware ethile?

UBenjamin ubonakala ekholelwa ukuba umgangatho uphela uyinto emiselweyo xa ukhetha isoftware. Inokuba yinyani kwilizwe elifanelekileyo, kodwa hayi kule.

Inyani yile yokuba uninzi lwabantu ALUKHETHI isoftware abayisebenzisayo, kuba oku kungenxa yemeko yentengiso (umatshini owuthengileyo kwivenkile ye-elektroniki esele iza neWindows efakiweyo, ifayile ekufuneka uyivulile inokufundwa kuphela nge-X program. , njl) okanye ngenxa yokungazi (ubungazi ngobukho bezinye iindlela okanye, okona kubi, woyika ikhompyuter yakho kwaye ungoyiki ukufaka okanye ukuchukumisa nantoni na, kungasafani nokuyifomatha kwaye ufake enye i-OS, njl. . Ezi ziindlela, ngelishwa, ezikhuthazwayo ngabo bavelisa isoftware yobunini. Kungoko ukubaluleka kokugxekwa kunye nokulwa kungekuphela nje ukusasazeka kodwa kunye nokuphuculwa kwesoftware yasimahla (hayi "isoftware evulelekileyo" bona umohluko).

Kananjalo amandla wefashoni kunye nokusasaza akufuneki ajongelwe phantsi. UBenjamin ngokwakhe usixelela ukuba "sonke siyizimvu," kodwa uyakulibala oku ngokuzenza ngathi "nzulu konke konke kuyehla kumgangatho wesoftware." Ndicinga ukuba "iimeko eziqhelekileyo" ziimveliso ze-Apple- i-iPhone, i-iPod, i-iPad, iMac. Baninzi ekuthandeni kwabo kwintengiso enomona, hayi umgangatho wayo obalaseleyo.

Abo basebenzisi banolwazi oluthe kratya kunye nokwazi abakwaziyo ukukhetha isoftware abayisebenzisayo, banokuthi bangene kwenye ingxaki ebalulekileyo: kuya kufuneka bahlawule amanani agqithisileyo okanye, abangazange bathi ngcono, amanani akhethekileyo ukuze bayifumane. Ityala eliqhelekileyo: Microsoft Office. Ngokuqinisekileyo, uBenjamin usikhumbuza ukuba ubuqhetseba yinto efanelekileyo kwaye ithandwa kakhulu kwezi meko. Nangona kunjalo, kude ne "fucking" monopolies, the ubugebenga bubaxhamla. Ngokubhekisele kwisoftware, ubuqhetseba banceda kuphela ekusasazeni ii-virus kunye ne-malware, kunye neendlela eziphosakeleyo nezingekho mthethweni, ezo, kude nokudala imeko efanelekileyo yophuhliso lwesoftware, ziyonakalisa.

Ayizizo izizathu zokuba uBill Gates aphikisane kwileta yakhe edumileyo (ukuba ubhatalela imoto oyisebenzisayo, kutheni ungahlawuli isoftware) kodwa kuba sikwi "Internet age", apho kuya kusiba lula ukuhambisa ulwazi kunye nokwabelana ngalo nabanye, izinto ezinje ukuthintela (ezinje ngophuhliso lwesoftware yobunini) azisenangqondo. Ngokuchasene noko, ukukhula kwe- software freeKananjalo nayo yonke intshukumo yasimahla yenkcubeko (kubandakanya iWikipedia), inokubakho kuphela kwi-Intanethi kuba ibisekwe kwimigangatho yasimahla. Oko ezi nkampani kufuneka ziqonde kukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba wenze ishishini ngokwenza isoftware yasimahla (i-Android ngumzekelo olunge kakhulu) kwaye ukwenziwa kwe-Intanethi kwenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukugcina iinkqubo ezihamba nesoftware yokuthengisa (nokuba kungenxa yobugqwetha, ukuvela kwezinye iindlela zasimahla, ukukhululeka ngakumbi kokuhambisa iikopi, ukungakwazi ukulawula bonke abasebenzisi kunye nokubeka isohlwayo, njl.).

Okokugqibela kodwa kungaphelelanga apho, ukusebenzisa isoftware yasimahla ayisiyombuzo nje womgangatho kodwa yenkululeko. Into esemngciphekweni ayisiyiyo into yokuba nezinto zokubhala ezintle, zibukeka emehlweni, kodwa inkululeko yakho. Kukho elona thuba likhulu lesoftware yasimahla ngaphezulu kwesoftware yobunini, ngaphaya koko izibonelelo zayo "zobugcisa" (ekwanazo nazo). Ngaba umsebenzisi wokugqibela akayikhathalelanga inkululeko yabo? Ewe, umlo wethu kukumkhathalela. Ukongeza, ndiyakuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzisi beemveliso zeApple, abathanda "ubuhle" kunye "nokulula" kweemveliso zabo kwaye "baziva kamnandi" ukuba "babe yinxalenye yeklabhu" yaseManzanita, ikwabanika ngokuzimeleyo kwiibhola Zonke izithintelo kunye nokusikelwa umda okubekwe kubo ... uhlobo "lwesandla esingabonakaliyo" esibathobela kwiminqweno yeApple.

Ukuhlala kunye nomsebenzisi wokugqibela

Inzame kaBenjamin iyasebenza: ufuna ukuzibeka ezicathulweni zabasebenzisi bokugqibela kwaye acinge ukuba kutheni bekhetha isoftware, ngokuchasene nabaphuhlisi. Ngokwenza njalo, uqukumbela ngelithi abasebenzisi bokuphela abanikisi mandla ukuba isoftware "isimahla", oko kukuthi, abayikhathalelanga indlela isoftware ephuhliswe ngayo kodwa intle kangakanani.

Injongo iyasebenza kuba, ekugqibeleni, baninzi abasebenzisi kunabaphuhlisi. Ingxaki kukuba, njengoko sele sibonile, umsebenzisi wokugqibela phantse akaze athathe isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi isoftware ayisebenzisayo kwaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, uyisebenzisa njani okanye nini (iilayisensi ezithintela isoftware ukuba isetyenziselwe wena kuphela, umzekelo). Nangona kunjalo, uBenjamin uchanekile xa esithi uninzi lwabasebenzisi luxhalabele kakhulu imveliso ngokwayo kunendlela eyiveliswe ngayo. Ngokwenyani, singakudlulisela oku kwezinye iindawo: abathengi "abazibulala" ngokuba nefashoni kaKosiuko abayicingi abaphambukeli ngokungekho semthethweni abayenzileyo bekwimeko engaphantsi kobuntu. Ngokwayo, yinto leyo, nangona isenokuba ngumgaqo, ekufuneka ixelwe kwaye izame ukuyitshintsha. Eso sisigqibo sokuziphatha esihamba ngaphaya kwemida yesoftware; lukhetho malunga nehlabathi ofuna ukuhlala kulo nendlela yokwakha. Ukuwuphepha loo mbuzo kukuba liqabane okanye ungazi.

Ucinga ntoni? Sishiyele izimvo zakho kwaye ujoyine ingxoxo. Ukuba ulithandile eli nqaku, ungalibali ukwabelana ngalo. Ndisasaze igama ukuze sonke sisebenzise iLinux.