Ubuchule: Iitekhnoloji ezifumanekayo zika-2019

UkuSebenziseka kweeNkqubo eziSebenzayo (i-OS) ngokusisiseko kubandakanya ukukwazi ukwabelana kwi-Hardware efanayo kwiinkqubo ezisebenzayo ezininzi ezisebenza ngendlela ezimeleyo. Oku kwenziwa kusetyenziswa isoftware yokwenziwa kwezinto, ekukho ezininzi kuzo kwintengiso yekhompyuter kwaye kukho iindlela ezininzi zasimahla nezobunini.

Zonke iitekhnoloji ezikhoyo ngoku zinamanqanaba ahlukeneyo obunzima ngokofakelo, ukumiselwa, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokufumaneka kunye nokufikeleleka kwamaxwebhu ayimfuneko ukuze ziwazi kakuhle. Kodwa konke kugxilwe ekuququzeleleni ngoMeyi okanye ngaphantsi kokubona phantse nayiphi na i-OS yabucala (undwendwe) okanye i-OS (umgcini), ukuze ukwazi ukuvavanya phantse nayiphi na i-OS ngaphandle kokuzinikela kwi-hard drive.

Ukubaluleka koBuchule

Nokuba kungumsebenzi opheleleyo we-OS okanye eyi-1 okanye yezicelo ezininzi, ubunyani yinto ebalulekileyo eyimfuneko, ekubeni ivumela ukuba sandise amathuba ethu kunye nobuchule kwiqonga lethu langoku (ikhompyutha / inethiwekhi).

Kubo bonke abo basebenzayo okanye bonwabela iTekhnoloji, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba babe semgangathweni kunye notshintsho olwenzekileyo kuyo., nokuba kukwandisa uphuhliso lwethu lobungcali, ukuphucula imveliso yethu yomsebenzi okanye ukuququzelela nje ukufundwa kunye / okanye ukufundiswa kwezinto zamva nje kwisayensi yekhompyuter.

Umthandi wekhompyuter, uhlala engumsebenzisi wasekhaya osebenzisa i-OS ethile ngesiqhelo ufuna ukufunda ukusebenzisa okanye ukusebenzisa izibonelelo zenye i-OS eyaziwayo okanye hayi, ngaphandle kokuya kwifomathi yekhompyuter yakho.

Kwaye iitekhnoloji ezenza oku kwenzeke yi-Virtualization of Operating Systems, ebandakanya ukubanakho ukwabelana kwi-HW efanayo yeeNkqubo eziSebenzayo ezisebenza ngendlela ezimeleyo ngokupheleleyo.

Itekhnoloji ye-HW yangoku yenze ukuba obu buchwephesha buguquke kakhulu, oko kukuthi, izicelo ezixhasayo, ethi namhlanje isivumele ukuba sisebenze enye okanye ezingakumbi iiNkqubo eziSebenzayo ezahlukileyo kwezethu nakwezethu, ngamandla afanayo okwenyani kwaye ngamanye amaxesha alingane okanye nangaphezulu kunokuba ibifakwe ngokuthe ngqo HW.

Izibonelelo zokwenza ubuchule

• Gcina iindleko zeendleko zesixhobo esitsha.
• Nciphisa imiba yokuhambelana kweNkqubo
• Ukugcinwa kweeyure / ukusebenza ngokuConing kweenkqubo ezishushu.
• Ukugcinwa kweeyure / zomsebenzi ngokufuduswa kweenkqubo ezishushu
• Uncedo lokuphunyezwa kweNdawo zoVavanyo
• Ukuphucula ukuhlukaniswa kwezixhobo, iiNkqubo kunye neeNkonzo
• Ukuphucula uKhuseleko kunye neeprofayili zonikezelo oluthile lwezixhobo kunye neeNkqubo
• Ukuba bhetyebhetye kunye nokukhawuleza ukubuyisela izixhobo, iZicelo kunye neeNkonzo.

Iingxaki zokuSebenzisa

• Iimbuyekezo ezinokubakho ezisezantsi
• Ukusikelwa umda kwezixhobo zeHardware
• Umsebenzi owandisiweyo ngenxa yokwanda kweMV
• Ukwanda komngcipheko ngenxa yokufakwa kwi-MV
• Umngcipheko wokungalingani okanye ukungabikho komgangatho weefom ze-VM

Ubuchwephesha bobuchwephesha

Ubuchwephesha bobuchwephesha obufumanekayo busebenzisa into eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Hypervisor" okanye "Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM)", ayikho enye into ngaphandle kweQonga lokuSebenzisa ngokwalo, oko kukuthi, itekhnoloji esivumela ukuba sisebenzise, ​​ngaxeshanye, ii-OS ezininzi kumamkeli wokubamba (iServer ebonakalayo).

Okwangoku, i-hypervisors inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini:

• Uhlobo lwe-1 (yesiNtu, ye-Bare-metal): Ezi Hypervisors sisisombululo seSoftware esiqhutywa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-HW yokwenyani ye-Host Host (ebonakalayo iServer) ukulawula i-HW kunye nokubeka iliso kwii-OSs ezininzi. Iinkqubo ezilungelelanisiweyo zibaleka kwelinye inqanaba ngaphezulu kweHypervisor

Olunye udidi olaziwa ngcono lwe-1 Hypervisors zezi zilandelayo:

1. ICitrix XenServer
2. ICitrix Hypervisor
3. IMicrosoft Hyper-V Server
4. Ukunyusa VE
5. VMware: ESX / ESXi / ESXi Simahla / vSphere Hypervisor
6. xen
7. Xtratum

Uhlobo lwe-1 Hypervisors lunokuba ziindidi ezimbini:

1. Monolithic
2. NguMicrokernel

• Chwetheza 2 (Ibanjiwe): Ezi Hypervisors sisisombululo seSofthiwe esisebenza kwi-OS eqhelekileyo (Linux, Windows, Mac OS) ukwenza ezinye iiNkqubo zokuSebenza. Ngale ndlela, i-virtualization iyenzeka kwinqanaba elikude kakhulu ne-HW ukuba siyithelekisa kunye noHlobo lwe-Hypervisors lwe-1. Ngokwengqiqo, oku kuthetha ukuba ukusebenza kuphantsi kwi-Type 2 Hypervisors.

Olunye lolona hlobo lusetyenzisiweyo lweeHypervisors zezi zilandelayo:

1. bhve
2. Iibhokisi zeGnome
3. Umatshini osekwe ngokuseKernel (KVM)
4. I-VMware: Indawo yokusebenzela, iServer, uMdlali kunye neFusion
5. IMicrosoft: I-PC eyiyo, iseva eyiyo
6. Desktop Desktop
7. IQEMU
8. UkuSebenza koShishino oluBomvu
9. Sandboxie
10. VM Lite
11. Umphathi weVirtual
12. VirtualBox
13. IVirtuozzo Hypervisor

Kwezinye iincwadi, ubuGcisa obuHlanganisiweyo buhlala bukhankanywa, njengoko igama lalo lisitsho, liquka ukumiliselwa kwindawo efanayo yokubamba iindidi ezi-2 zokuSebenza kweNkqubo yokuSebenza ekhankanywe apha ngasentla. Obunye ubuchwephesha obaziwa ngokuba yi-virtualization technology obufanele ukukhankanywa zezi zihlala zihambelana nelifu okanye iziqulatho. Phakathi kwazo kukho:

• Ukusebenza kweLifu

1. IiNkonzo zeWebhu zeWebhu (AWS)
2. IBM PowerVM
3. I-Oracle VM
4. Windows Azure

• Ukusebenza kwekhonteyina

1. Docker
2. Kubernetes
3. I-Linux-VServer
4. I-LXC
5. Vula
6. IPanamax
7. IPodman
8. Rancher Desktop
9. I-RKT
10. Ngamanye
11. Umphikisi
12. Isiqulatho seWindows

Isishwankathelo

Ukuchonga ukuba loluphi uhlobo lweTekhnoloji yoBuchwephesha eyiyeyona ixhomekeke kwiimfuno kunye nemodeli yeshishini yoMbutho kunye namandla oBasebenzi beIT abasebenza apho. Kodwa ngesishwankathelo kunokuqatshelwa ukuba uhlobo 1 lwe-hypervisor luyakhawuleza kunodidi 2 lwe-hypervisor, kuba eyokuqala inxibelelana ngqo ne-HW yeseva. Uhlobo lwe-1 I-Hypervisor akufuneki ijongane ne-OS kunye neendlela ezininzi ezinciphisa ukubanakho kwee-Hypervisors.

Ukuqukumbela ukuba ngohlobo lwe-1 Hypervisor siya kufumana ukusebenza okungcono, ukukhula kunye nokuzinza. Kodwa, ngokuchasene nayo, sinayo ngolu hlobo lwetekhnoloji ye-virtualization i-HW exhaswayo ilinganiselwe ngakumbi, kuba iqhele ukwakhiwa ngesethi elinganiselweyo yabaqhubi kwaye ukuphunyezwa kwayo kunzima kakhulu.

Ngelixa udidi 2 lweeHypervisors ezaziwa kakhulu kwaye zaziwa ngumntu wonke kwaye zikhawulezise intshukumo yokubonakalayo ufumana ukuhambelana okungakumbi ngenxa yokuba bane-matrix enkulu ye-HW, kuba basebenzisa i-software-based virtualization. Ngokomzekelo, i-Type 2 Hypervisor inokufakwa kwi-laptop kulula kakhulu kune-Type 1 Hypervisor. Kwakhona, uhlobo lwe-2 Hypervisors kulula ukuyiqwalasela kuba isebenza ngokuthe ngqo kunye ne-OS.

Ukuba unemibuzo emininzi malunga nesi sihloko, ndincoma ukuba ufunde iphepha lomsebenzi elihambelana nalo elifumaneka kule nto unxibelelwano.