Khubazekile: i-kernel ebengekho

Ukhathazekile Yikernel yoqobo yenkqubo yokusebenza ye-GNU evela kwiprojekthi yegama elifanayo elasekwa nguRichard Stallman. Ukuphuhliswa kweHurd kwaqala ngo-1990, kodwa ingxelo yayo yokugqibela, eyayilindelwe ngo-2002, ayizange ikhutshwe.

Kodwa enyanisweni ukukhula kukaHurd akuyekanga, njengoko kunokubonwa kwividiyo eveliswe ngeekhowudi ezishushu ezithatha lonke igalelo elenziwe kwindawo yokugcina i-Hurd ukusuka ngo-1991 ukuya ku-2010 lize liziguqulele kwi-3D oopopayi, apho inqaku ngalinye limele utshintsho ku ifayile engqonge igama lomdwelisi oyenzileyo.

Ndifuna iinkcukacha ezithe kratya malunga neHurd

I-GNU Hurd iseti yeenkqubo zeseva ezilinganisa i-Unix kernel ebeka isiseko senkqubo yokusebenza ye-GNU. Iprojekthi ye-GNU iyiphuhlisa ukusukela ngo-1990 njengesoftware yasimahla, isasaza phantsi kwelayisensi yeGPL.

I-Hurd izama ukugqitha i-Unix-efana ne-kernels ekusebenzeni, ukhuseleko, kunye nozinzo, ngelixa ihambelana nazo. Oku kufezekisiwe ngenxa yenyani yokuba i-Hurd iphumeza imigaqo ye-POSIX (phakathi kwabanye), kodwa ishenxisa izithintelo kubasebenzisi.

Ngokungafaniyo ne-Unix cores-like cores, i-Hurd yakhiwe ngaphezulu kwe-microkernel (okwangoku yiMach kuphela exhaswa, nangona bekukho iprojekthi eyekisiweyo yokuqhuba i-Hurd kwisizukulwana sesibini se-L4 microkernel), inoxanduva lokubonelela ngeenkonzo zezona zinto zisisiseko i-kernel: ukulungelelanisa ukufikelela kwizixhobo zekhompyutha (kwi-CPU -kuqhubeka kwezinto ezininzi-, kwimemori ye-RAM -ukulawulwa kwememori-, nakwesinye isandi, imizobo, izixhobo zokugcina, njl.

Kukho ezinye iinkqubo ezinje nge-Unix ezisebenza ngaphezulu kweMach microkernel, ezinje nge-OSF / 1, NEXTSTEP, iMac OS X, iLites, neMkLinux. Zonke ziphunyezwa njengeseva enye. Ke, endaweni ye-monolithic kernel yeenkqubo zemveli ze-Unix ngezinto ezimbini, i-microkernel kunye neseva ye-Unix.

Endaweni yoko, uHurd uqukethe iiseva ezininzi ezisebenza ngaxeshanye. Endaweni yenkqubo enye enkulu elawula yonke into ukusuka kwewotshi ukuya kulawulo lwenethiwekhi, ngamnye wale misebenzi kwiHurd ilawulwa ngumncedisi owahlukileyo. Oku kwenza (ithiyori, ubuncinci) ukuphuhlisa i-Hurd ngokulula, kuba ukwenza utshintsho kwiseva enye akunakufane kube neziphumo ezingafunekiyo kwezinye iiseva. Ukusuka apha kuphindaphindwe isifinyezo esiphindaphindwayo: igama uHurd sisichazi seHird of Unix-Replacing Daemons (ngeSpanish: "Hird" yeedemon ezithatha indawo yeUnix). Kwelinye icala, igama elithi Hird lithetha Ukulimala kweziNdawo eziMeleyo eziBonisa ubunzulu ("Konzakele" kwezixhobo ezibonisa ubunzulu). Bobabini uHurd noHird kwisiNgesi saseMelika babizwa ngokuba ngumhlambi (ngeSpanish: umhlambi), ngoko ke iGNU Hurd inokuguqulelwa njengo "mhlambi we-wildebeest".

Kuyilo lwasekuqaleni lukaMach enye yeenjongo eziphambili yayilolu hlobo "lwefama yeseva", kodwa kubonakala ngathi uHurd ngowokuqala ukuphumeza oluyilo kwiMach microkernel (nangona i-QNX ifana, kodwa isekwe kwi-microkernel yayo). Akucaci ukuba kutheni kwakungekho ukuthunyelwa kweseva ezininzi ngaphambili, nangona kubonakala ngathi amaqela asebenza eMach ayexakeke kakhulu eMach ukuba azinikele kuyo yonke inkqubo yokusebenza. Ingozi ikwazama ukuphatheka phakathi kwe-micronuclei.

Usebenzisa njani i-Hurd?

Ukuhanjiswa okusebenzayo kakhulu kweHurd yile inikezelwe nguDebian. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya, ndicebisa ukuba ubone iphepha leprojekthi Debian GNU / Konzakele.

Kukho ezinye iindlela zokusebenzisa i-Hurd:

1.- Ukufaka ukuhanjiswa kwe-GNU / Hurd. Ngaphandle kweDebian GNU / Hurd, eyeyona izinzileyo nesebenzayo, kukho ezinye izabelo ze-GNU / Hurd: igophe, I-NixOS, Njl

2.- Ukuyiqhuba isezantsi xen. I-Xen ngumthombo ovulekileyo wokujonga umatshini. Injongo yoyilo kukwazi ukuqhuba imeko esebenzayo ngokupheleleyo yeenkqubo zokusebenza ngendlela esebenzayo ngokupheleleyo kwikhompyuter enye. IXen ibonelela ngokwahlulwa okukhuselekileyo, ulawulo lwezixhobo, iziqinisekiso zeQoS, kunye nokufuduka komatshini oshushu. Iinkqubo zokusebenza zinokuchazwa ngokucacileyo ukuze ziqhube i-Xen (ngelixa igcina ukungqinelana nokusetyenziswa komsebenzisi). Oku kwenza ukuba iXen ifezekise ukusebenza okuphezulu ngaphandle kwenkxaso ekhethekileyo yezixhobo.

3.- Ukuyiqhuba ukusuka kwi umfanekiso qemu okanye kwi I-LiveCD.

Kwaye la maphepha ewebhu abubungqina obuphathekayo bokusebenziseka kwe-Hurd, njengoko zinikezelwa kwinkqubo ye-Debian GNU / Hurd.

Imithombo: Ukhathazekile &  Wikipedia