Ungazifumana njani izibuko ezivulekileyo kwikhompyuter yethu okanye kwi-router

Urhwebo lomgculeli lubandakanya, phakathi komnye weyona misebenzi ixhaphakileyo, ukuxhaphaza (okanye ukuvelisa) kokungaphumeleli kwiinkonzo ezivulwa zizicelo ezahlukeneyo nge «ngaphandle». Ezi nkonzo zivula amazibuko apho kunokwenzeka ukuba kufikelelwe kwinkqubo. Kule mini-tutorial siza kufunda ngakumbi malunga namazibuko, indlela asebenza ngayo kunye nendlela yokufumanisa ukuba zeziphi (ezisengqiqweni) izibuko esivulekileyo.

Izibuko yindlela eqhelekileyo yokwenza igama ujongano apho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zedatha zinokuthunyelwa kwaye zamkelwe. Olu nxibelelaniso lunokuba luhlobo lomzimba, okanye lube kwinqanaba lesoftware (umzekelo, amazibuko avumela ukuhanjiswa kwedatha phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo) (jonga ngezantsi ngeenkcukacha ezithe kratya), kwimeko apho izibuko elinengqiqo lihlala lihleli isetyenzisiwe.

Amazibuko omzimba

Izibuko elibonakalayo lolonxibelelwano, okanye unxibelelwano phakathi kwezixhobo, ezikuvumela ukuba udibanise ngokwasemzimbeni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo ezinje ngeemonitha, iiprinta, izikena, iihard drive zangaphandle, iikhamera zedijithali, iipeni zokuqhuba, njl.

Uthotho lwezibuko kunye nezibuko elifanayo

Izibuko lezibuko yindawo yokunxibelelana phakathi kweekhompyuter kunye nemida apho ulwazi ludluliselwa khona kancinci ngendlela elandelelanayo, oko kukuthi, ukuthumela into enye ngexesha (ngokuchaseneyo ne-port3 efanayo ethumela ii-bits ezininzi ngaxeshanye).

Izibuko lePCI

I-PCI (iPheripheral Component Interconnect) izibuko ziindawo ezandisiweyo kwibhodi yomama yekhompyuter apho ungadibanisa khona amakhadi esandi, amakhadi evidiyo, amakhadi enethiwekhi, njl. ... Isakhiwo sePCI sisasetyenziswa namhlanje kwaye sinokufumana izinto ezimbalwa (uninzi) kwifomathi ye-PCI.

Izibuko lePCI Express

Izibuko le-PCI Express libandakanya izinto ezitsha ezincedisayo kwi-PCIe 3.0 echaza inani lezinto ezinokukhulisa uphawu kunye nedatha, kubandakanya ukuhanjiswa kwefayile kunye nolawulo lokwamkelwa, ukuphuculwa kwe-PLL, ukubuyiswa kwedatha yewotshi, kunye nokuphuculwa kwezitishi, ukuqinisekisa ukungqinelana neetopikhi zangoku.

Izibuko lememori

Amakhadi ememori ye-RAM aqhagamshelwe kwezi zibuko. Izibuko lememori zezo zibuko, okanye iibheyi, apho kunokufakwa khona iimemori khadi ezintsha, ukuze kwandiswe amandla afanayo.

Izibuko elingenazingcingo

Unxibelelwano kolu hlobo lwamazibuko lwenziwe, ngaphandle kwesidingo seentambo, ngonxibelelwano phakathi kwe-emitter kunye nomamkeli kusetyenziswa amaza ombane. Ukuba amaza ombane, asetyenziswa kunxibelelwano, akwimo ye-infrared spectrum, ibizwa ngokuba yi-infrared port. Ukuba amaza asetyenziswa kunxibelelwano yinto yesiqhelo kwiradio, iya kuba sisibuko seBluetooth.

Uncedo lolu nxibelelwano lokugqibela kukuba umthumeli kunye nomamkeli akufuneki ukuba babhekise ngokubhekisele komnye komnye ukuze uqhagamshelo lusekwe. Oku akunjalo ngezibuko le-infrared. Kule meko, izixhobo kufuneka "zibonane", kwaye akukho nto kufuneka idluliselwe phakathi kwabo njengoko unxibelelwano luya kuphazamiseka.

Izibuko le-USB

Yiplagi kunye nokudlala ngokupheleleyo, oko kukuthi, ngokudibanisa isixhobo kwaye "kushushu" (kunye nekhompyuter), isixhobo siyabonwa kwaye sifakwe kwangoko. Kuyimfuneko kuphela ukuba iNkqubo yokuSebenza ibandakanya umqhubi ohambelanayo okanye umqhubi. Inesantya esiphezulu sokudlulisa xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zamazibuko. Ngentambo ye-USB ayidluliseli idatha kuphela; Kuyenzeka ukuba ubanike amandla izixhobo zangaphandle. Ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwalo mlawuli yi-2.5 Watts.

Amachweba asengqiqweni

Eli ligama elinikezwe indawo, okanye indawo, yenkumbulo yekhompyuter enxulunyaniswa nezibuko lomzimba okanye ijelo lonxibelelwano, kwaye inikezela ngendawo yokugcina okwethutyana kolwazi oluza kugqithiselwa phakathi kwendawo.imemori kunye nonxibelelwano itshaneli.

Kwimeko ye-Intanethi, izibuko lixabiso elisetyenzisiweyo, kwimodeli yendlela yothutho, ukwahlula phakathi kwezicelo ezininzi ezinokudibanisa kumamkeli omnye, okanye isikhululo.

Nangona uninzi lwamazibuko lunikezelwa ngokungenasizathu, amazibuko athile abelwe, ngendibano, kwizicelo ezithile okanye iinkonzo zendalo iphela. Ngapha koko, i-IANA (i-Intanethi eyabelwe iNombolo yeGunya) ichaza ukunikezelwa kwazo zonke izibuko phakathi kwamaxabiso [0, 1023]. Umzekelo, inkonzo yonxibelelwano ekude telnet, esetyenziswa kwi-Intanethi, inxulunyaniswa nezibuko 23. Ke ngoko, kukho itafile yamazibuko abelwe kuluhlu lwamaxabiso. Iinkonzo kunye nokusetyenziswa zibandakanyiwe kuluhlu olubiziweyo Izabelo ezikhethiweyo zePort.

Ungazifumana njani izibuko ezivulekileyo ezinengqondo?

Kulula, kuya kufuneka ufake inkqubo ye-nmap, efakwe kwindawo yokugcina zonke ii-distros ezidumileyo.

Ku-Ubuntu, oku kuya kuba ngoluhlobo:

Sudo apt-fumana ukufaka nmap

Nje ukuba ufake, kufuneka uyisebenzise, ​​ucacisa i-IP okanye igama elikhohlisayo lekhompyuter okanye umzila esifuna ukuwuqinisekisa. Ke, umzekelo, ukujonga amazibuko avulekileyo kwikhompyuter yakho, ndibhale:

nmap yendawo yokuhlala

Uluhlu lodweliso lwamazibuko avulekileyo kwi-router yakho (ukuba usebenzisa enye), dlulisa i-IP yayo njengeparameter, endaweni ye- localhost. Kwimeko yam, kubonakala ngathi:

Iphepha le-192.168.0.1

Imithombo: Wikipedia