Tsarin tare da Sysvinit. Kuma Systemd-shim?

Systemd a halin yanzu shi ne mizanin da aka fi amfani dashi dangane da "Kernel Boot Systems" (Init) wanda za'a iya cimmawa a cikin kewayen Unix, kamar Linux. An ƙirƙira shi shekaru biyu da suka gabata ta Lenet Poettering (yafi) kusa da Kay sievers (tsohon Hat Hat). A halin yanzu yana da LGPL 2.1 lasisi (tare da keɓaɓɓun lasisi a ƙarƙashin GPL2). Kodayake akwai wasu zabi, kamar na da da na gargajiya SysVinit da Upstart, akwai kuma sababbin hanyoyin da ake gudanarwa kamar su Tsarin-shim.

Hakanan kasancewar shi wanda akafi amfani dashi, Systemd shima yana daga cikin masu takaddama kuma wani lokacin wani ɓangaren masu amfani yana ƙin shi, wanda ke da tsayayya ga rikitarwarsa da mamayar da ta wuce kima ko iko akan ayyukan Distros ɗinsa. Saboda wannan, tsoffin ko hanyoyin maye gurbin har yanzu suna ci gaba a cikin manyan sassa na GNU / Linux Community.

A halin yanzu an Gudanar da Systemd a matsayin Free Software aikin GitHub kuma yana da isassun takardu akan shafin yanar gizo na «Fidarinka.in". Kuma duk da cewa a wasu lokuta munyi magana sosai game da Tsarin akan blog, misali, a cikin gidan da aka kira «Rarraba SystemD« daga marubucin "Usemoslinux"A yau muna fatan fadada littlean abubuwa kaɗan ta hanyar kwatanta ɓangarorin abubuwan da muke bi yanzu.

Menene Tsarin?

Systemd tsarin Gudanarwa ne da Gudanar da Ayyuka don Tsarin Linux. Amma, a fili, ana iya bayyana shi azaman saitin tubali na asali don tsarin Linux, tunda yana samar da wani «Tsarin Gudanarwa da Ayyuka » wanda ke gudana azaman tsari (PID 1) kuma yana farawa sauran tsarin.

Systemd yana ba da damar daidaita daidaito, yana amfani da "kwasfa" da "kunna D-Bus" don fara sabis. Bugu da kari, yana bayarwa "farkon" bisa buƙatar daemons, yana biye da matakai ta amfani da ƙungiyoyin sarrafa Linux, kula da wuraren hawa da motoci, da aiwatar da cikakken sabis na tushen sabis na dogaro ma'ana.

A ƙarshe, kuma musamman, ana iya ƙara hakan Systemd ya dace da rubutun farawa na SysV da LSB kuma har zuwa yau ya yi aiki azaman nasarar maye gurbin SysVinit akan GNU / Linux Distros da yawa., ba tare da la'akari da ingantattun suka ko maganganu marasa kyau game da shi ba.

Kuma ya haɗa daemon rajista, abubuwan amfani don sarrafa saitunan tsarin asali kamar sunan mai masauki, kwanan wata, yanki, adana jerin abubuwan da aka shiga cikin masu amfani da kwantena da injunan kamala masu gudana, asusun tsarin, kundayen adireshi da saitunan lokacin aiki da kuma diman don gudanar da daidaitawar hanyar sadarwa mai sauki, daidaitawar lokacin hanyar sadarwa, turawa rajista da sunan aiki.

Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, wanda aka sanya shi mai nauyi, mai rikitarwa kuma mai mallaka a kan Distros inda aka aiwatar da shi, duk da gamsarwa ta cika manufofin ta wanda aka halicce ta. Da yawa sosai sanannun Distro BABU, uwar wasu GNU / Linux Distros da yawa, ta aiwatar da shi na ɗan lokaci, wanda ya ba da gudummawa wajen yawaita shi.

Menene sysvinit?

SysVinit yana ɗayan tsofaffi kuma na yanzu Masu gudanarwa na tsarin da sabis don Tsarin tushen Linux. Har yanzu ana amfani dashi sosai akan yawancin GNU / Linux Distros na trajectories, da sababbi, kamar Devuan.

Daga SysVinit a matsayin shiri za'a iya haskaka masu zuwa:

«Shi ne tsari na farko da zai gudana bayan an ɗora kwaya kuma wanda ya haifar da duk wasu matakai, yana gudana ne azaman inemon kuma yawanci yana da PID 1. Yana bayar da daidaitaccen tsari don sarrafa waɗanne shirye-shiryen gabatarwa ko tsayawa a kan wani matakin aiki ”. A cewar Ex-Debian.org Wiki

Ba kamar "Init" (Tsarin aiki da mai gudanarwa farkon tsarin Unix), wanda ya fara ayyukan ta amfani da rubutun guda ɗaya da ake kira "/ Etc / rc", SysVinit ya fara amfani da tsarin tsari a ciki "/Etc/rc.d/" wanda ya ƙunshi rubutun farawa / tsayawa na sabis daban-daban.

Kuma a matakin fakitoci da ayyuka SysVinit yana ƙunshe da shirye-shirye don sarrafa farawa, aiwatarwa da saukar da dukkan sauran shirye-shiryen. Waɗannan sun haɗa da: dakatar, init, killall5, na ƙarshe, lastb, mesg, pidof, poweroff, sake yi, runlevel, kashewa, sulogin, telinit, utmpdump, da bango. Mahimmin bayani ga waɗanda suke son girka da amfani sysvinit.

Har wala yau, fada tsakanin Tsarin y sysvinit ya kasance mai tsauri, kuma ya cancanci kwatankwacin na WhatsApp y sakon waya. Kuma yayin da yake da gaskiya cewa mai girma sysvinit yana da kasawa ko gazawa (ya danganta da mahangar kowane mutum), wanda watakila za'a iya warware shi ta wata hanyar, magoya bayan Tsarin galibi cikin ƙarfin hali nace hakan Tsarin shine mafi kyawun duka a halin yanzu Tsarin tsarin da masu kula da sabis farkon tsarin Unix na yanzu.

Daga wannan gaskiyar, kuma daga wannan gwagwarmaya aka haife shi Gangamin «'Yancin Yanci» (IF) tsara don musanta waccan hujja. 'Yancin Init yana neman dawo da tsarin lafiya ga PID1, wanda ke mutunta bambancin ra'ayi da 'yancin zaɓi. Idan kuna son ƙarin bayani, zaku iya samun sa ta ziyartar mahaɗin mai zuwa: Gangamin «'Yancin Yanci» (IF), bayanai kamar su GNU / Linux distros waɗanda suke amfani da madadin zuwa Systemd.

Menene Tsarin-shim?

Na ƙarshe amma ba kalla ba, mun hadu madaidaicin madadin zuwa Systemd-shim. Wanne bisa lafazin shafin DEBIAN kunshin shine:

"Ya kwaikwayi aikin Systemd wanda ake buƙata don tafiyar da masu taimakawa tsarin ba tare da amfani da sabis ɗin init ba."

Don fahimtar abin da ya iya "Tsarin-shim" ko yadda yake aiki, yana da kyau a ganshi a aikace akan Distro wanda yafi amfanar shi, ma'ana, MX-Linux. Wanne bisa ga mahaliccinsa shine MX-Linux yana da sifa ta musamman:

“Bawa mai amfani damar zaɓi tsakanin Systemd da SysVinit akan tsarin da aka girka. Haɗin sihiri wanda ya yiwu ta hanyar fakiti da ake kira Systemd-shim. Koyaya, cigaba akan systemd-shim ya tsaya wani lokaci da ya wuce, kuma kwanan nan DEBIAN ya cire kunshin daga wuraren ajiyar Buster. Mun fahimci cewa tsarin systemd-shim na yanzu baya aiki yadda yakamata tare da sigar Systemd a cikin DEBIAN Buster, saboda haka muna bincika zaɓuɓɓuka don makomar MX. A karshen wannan, abu daya da muke son ganowa shine yiwuwar ci gaba da cigaban shimfida-shim (kuma duk wani facin tsarin da zai zama dole domin tsarin-shim yayi aiki yadda ya kamata).

Systemd-shim ya ba da kyakkyawan sakamako ga MX-Linux, ban da sauran kyawawan ayyuka da fa'idodin faɗin Distro, MX-Linux shine saman kan Distrowatch kuma yana da shirye-shirye na gaba don ci gaba da amfani dashi Tsarin-shim akan sabon sigar MX-Linux 19 mai zuwa ƙaddamarwa bisa DEBIYA 10 (Buster).

Ni da kaina na ba da shawarar MX-Linux 18.X tare da Systemd-shimkamar yadda yake da haske da sauri kuma yana aiki sosai. Kuma a halin da nake ciki ya ba ni damar ƙirƙirar kaina Distro bisa ga abin da na kira: MilagrOS GNU / Linux.

Sauran hanyoyin?

A takaice, gami da waɗanda aka ambata, muna da cikin hanyoyin yanzu na «Masu Gudanar da Ayyuka da Sabis don Tsarin Mulki »(tsarin init) don Linux a:

• amsar
• gudu
• s6
• makiyayi
• laifi
• tsarin tsarin
• tsarin-shim
• sysvinit

ƙarshe

Ina fatan wannan sakon yana da matukar amfani a gare ku, dangane da sanin ɗan ƙarami game da kowane Init da aka ambata, kuma hakan yana taimaka musu su zaɓi GNU / Linux Distro tare da takamaiman «Mai gudanarwa da sabis don Tsarin tsarin ». Kuma shafiko ƙarshe, ga waɗanda suka ɗan karkata ga son amfani da Tsarin, Ina ba da shawarar karanta mahaɗin mai zuwa: Manyan tatsuniyoyi na Tsarin.