Ndụmọdụ: Ihe karịrị iwu 400 maka GNU / Linux ị kwesịrị ịma: D

Achọtala m onwe m na GUTL Wiki ndepụta a zuru ezu na karịa iwu 400 na GNU / Linux na nkọwa nke aka ha, achọrọ m ịkekọrịta ha na gị iji zuo ezu a magburu onwe ya isiokwu na onye otu m dere ka ọ mụta ka esi ebi na njikwa.

Ozi sistemụ

1. njiko: gosipụta akụrụngwa nke igwe (1).
2. enweghị aha -m: gosipụta akụrụngwa nke igwe (2).
3. ahaghị -r: gosiputa kernel eji.
4. dmidecode -q: gosiputa akụrụngwa (ngwaike) nke sistemụ ahụ.
5. hdparm -i / dev / hda: gosiputa njirimara nke diski ike.
6. hdparm -tT / dev / sda: Mee nyocha ule na diski ike.
7. pusi / proc / cpuinfo: gosiputa ihe omuma nke CPU.
8. pusi / proc / kwụsịtụrụ: gosiputa nkwụsị.
9. pusi / proc / meminfo: lelee ojiji ebe nchekwa.
10. pusi / proc / swaps: gosi faịlụ mgbanwe.
11. pusi / proc / mbipute: gosi ụdị kernel.
12. pusi / proc / net / dev: gosi ihe ntanetị ntanetị na ọnụ ọgụgụ.
13. pusi / proc / mounts: show n'ịnyịnya faịlụ.
14. lspci-TV: gosiputa ngwaọrụ PCI.
15. lssb -tv: gosi USB ngwaọrụ.
16. ụbọchị: gosi usoro sistemụ.
17. cal 2011: gosi 2011 almanac.
18. nke 07 2011: gosi almanac maka ọnwa Julaị 2011.
19. ụbọchị 041217002011.00: setịpụrụ (ikwupụta, ịtọ) ụbọchị na oge.
20. elekere -w: chekwaa ụbọchị mgbanwe na BIOS.

Shutdown (Reboot System ma ọ bụ pụọ)

1. mechie -h ugbu a: gbanyụọ sistemụ (1).
2. nke 0: gbanyụọ sistemụ (2).
3. nwuo 0: gbanyụọ sistemụ (3).
4. kwusi: gbanyụọ sistemụ (4).
5. emechi -h awa: nkeji &- Imechi usoro mmechi.
6. mmechi -c- Kagbuo ndokwa mmechi nke usoro.
7. mechie -r ugbu a: Malitegharịa ekwentị (1).
8. reboot: Malitegharịa ekwentị (2).
9. logout: Pụọ.

Faịlụ na ndekọ aha

1. cd / n'ụlọ: tinye ndekọ "ụlọ".
2. cd ..: laghachi otu larịị.
3. cd ../ ..: laghachi azụ 2 ọkwa.
4. CD: gaa mgbọrọgwụ ndekọ.
5. cd ~ onye ọrụ1: Gaa na ndekọ aha onye ọrụ 1.
6. cd -: gaa (laghachi) na aga na ndekọ na mbụ.
7. pwd: gosi ụzọ nke ndekọ ọrụ.
8. ls: lee faịlụ na ndekọ aha.
9. ls-F: lee faịlụ na ndekọ aha.
10. ls -l: gosi nkọwa nke faịlụ na folda dị na ndekọ.
11. ls –a: gosi faịlụ ezoro ezo.
12. Ls * [0-9]*: gosi faịlụ na folda nwere nọmba.
13. osisi: gosi faịlụ na folda dị ka osisi na-amalite site na mgbọrọgwụ. (1)
14. Osisi: gosi faịlụ na folda dị ka osisi na-amalite site na mgbọrọgwụ. (2)
15. mkdir dir1: mepụta folda ma ọ bụ ndekọ aha ya bụ 'dir1'.
16. mkdir dir1 dir2: mepụta folda abụọ ma ọ bụ ndekọ aha n'otu oge (Mepụta ndekọ abụọ n'otu oge).
17. mkdir -p / tmp / dir1 / dir2: mepụta osisi ndekọ.
18. rm -f faịlụ1: hichapụ faịlụ aha ya 'file1'.
19. rmdir dir1: hichapụ folda aha ya bụ 'dir1'.
20. rm -rf dir1: hichapụ folda aha ya bụ 'dir1' yana ọdịnaya ya recursively. (Ọ bụrụ na m ehichapụ ya recursively m na-ekwu na ọ bụ ya ọdịnaya).
21. rm -rf dir1 dir2: hichapụ folda abụọ (akwụkwọ ndekọ aha) na ọdịnaya ha recursively.
22. mv dir1 new_dir: nyegharịa ma ọ bụ bugharịa faịlụ ma ọ bụ folda (ndekọ).
23. cp faịlụ1: detuo otu faịlụ.
24. cp faịlụ1 faịlụ2: detuo faịlụ abuo n'otu.
25. cp dir / *.: detuo faịlụ niile site na ndekọ ndekọ n'ime ndekọ ndekọ ọrụ ugbu a.
26. cp -a / tmp / dir1.Detuo ndekọ n'ime ndekọ ndekọ ọrụ ugbu a.
27. cp -a dir1: Detuo ndekọ.
28. cp -a dir1 dir2: Detuo ederede abụọ n'otu.
29. ln -s faịlụ1 lnk1: mepụta njikọ ihe atụ na faịlụ ma ọ bụ ndekọ.
30. ln faịlụ1 lnk1: mepụta njikọ anụ ahụ na faịlụ ma ọ bụ ndekọ.
31. metụ -t 0712250000 faịlụ1: gbanwee oge (oge okike) nke faịlụ ma ọ bụ ndekọ.
32. faịlụ faịlụ1: Mbupute (ntanye na ihuenyo) nke ụdị mime nke faịlụ ederede.
33. akarav -l: ndepụta nke ndị ciphers mara.
34. iconv -f siEncoding -t kaEncoding inputFile> outputFile: mepụta ụdị ọhụụ nke faịlụ ntinye na-ewere ya na koodu ya sitere naEncoding ma gbanwee ya na ToEncoding.
35. chọta. -maxdepth 1 -name * .jpg -print -exec tọghatara ”{}” -chekwa 80 × 60 “isi mkpịsị aka / {}” \;: otu gbanwere faịlụ na ndekọ dị ugbu a ma zipụ ha na ndekọ aha na echiche thumbnail (chọrọ ịtụgharị site na ImagemagicK).

Chọta faịlụ

1. chọta / aha faịlụ1: chọọ faịlụ na ndekọ na-amalite site na mgbọrọgwụ nke usoro.
2. chọta / onye ọrụ user1: Chọọ maka faịlụ na ndekọ aha ndị ọrụ 'user1'.
3. chọta / ụlọ / onye ọrụ1 -aha \ *. bin: chọọ faịlụ na ndọtị '. bin 'n'ime ndekọ' / home / user1 '.
4. chọta / usr / biini -ty ​​f f -oge +100: chọta faịlụ ọnụọgụ abụọ ejighị na 100 ikpeazụ.
5. chọta / usr / bin -type f -mtime -10: Chọọ maka faịlụ ndị emepụtara ma ọ bụ gbanwee n’ime abalị iri gara aga.
6. chọta / -aha \ *. rpm -exec chmod 755 '{}' \;: chọọ faịlụ nwere mgbatị '.rpm' ma gbanwee ikikere.
7. chọta / -xdev -name \ *. rpmChọọ maka faịlị na mgbatị '.rpm' na - eleghara ngwaọrụ ndị nwere ike ibugharị dd dị ka cdrom, pen-drive, wdg.
8. chọta \ *. ps: chọta faịlụ na ndọtị '.ps' nke mbụ e mere na iwu 'updatedb'.
9. kedu nkwụsị: gosipụta ebe ọnụọgụ abụọ, enyemaka ma ọ bụ faịlụ isi. Na nke a ọ na-ajụ ebe iwu 'nkwụsị' dị.
10. nke ịkwụsị: gosiputa uzo zuru oke (uzo dum) gaa na ọnụọgụ abụọ / executable.

Na-arịgo usoro faịlụ

1. ugwu / dev / hda2 / mnt / hda2: bulie diski aha ya bụ hda2. Buru ụzọ lelee ịdị adị nke ndekọ aha '/ mnt / hda2'; ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị, ị ga-emerịrị ya.
2. umount / dev / hda2: Wepu diski aha ya bụ hda2. Mbido ụzọ si ebe '/ mnt / hda2.
3. fuser -km / mnt / hda2- Mbanye iwepụ mgbe ngwaọrụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike.
4. umount -n / mnt / hda2: na-agbapụ ikike n’agụghị / wdg / mtab. Ọ bara uru mgbe faịlụ ahụ gụrụ-naanị ma ọ bụ draịvụ ike jupụtara.
5. ugwu / dev / fd0 / mnt / floppy: bulie diski diski.
6. ugwu / dev / cdrom / mnt / cdrom: bulie a cdrom / dvdrom.
7. ugwu / dev / hdc / mnt / cdrecorder: bulie a rewritable cd ma ọ bụ dvdrom.
8. ugwu / dev / hdb / mnt / cdrecorder: bulie ederede ederede cd / dvdrom (a dvd).
9. mount -o loop file.iso / mnt / cdrom: gbagoo faịlụ ma ọ bụ ihe oyiyi iso.
10. ugwu -t vfat / dev / hda5 / mnt / hda5: bulite usoro faịlụ FAT32.
11. ugwu / dev / sda1 / mnt / usbdisk: Mount a usb pen-drive ma ọ bụ ebe nchekwa (na-enweghị ịkọwapụta ụdị nke faịlụ sistemụ).

Ihe gbasara ya:

Iwu 4 mara data site na HDD ma ọ bụ nkebi anyị

Oghere disk

1. df -h: gosiputa ndepụta nke etinyere n’elu ya.
2. ls -lSr | ọzọ: gosi nha faịlị na ndekọ aha nke enyere site nha.
3. du -sh dir1: Kpee ohere nke ndekọ 'dir1' jiri.
4. du -sk * | ụdị -rn: gosi nha faịlị na ndekọ aha nke enyere site nha.
5. rpm -q -a –qf '% 10 {SIZE} t% {NAME} n' | ụdị -k1,1n: gosi oghere nke ihe ndenye rpm arụnyere nke haziri (Fedora, Redhat na ndị ọzọ).
6. dpkg-query -W -f = '$ {Awụnye-Size; 10} t $ {Ngwugwu} n' | ụdị -k1,1n: gosi oghere ejiri ngwugwu arụ ọrụ, nke edoziri (Ubuntu, Debian na ndị ọzọ).

Ọrụ na iche iche

1. groupaddname: mepụta otu ohuru.
2. otu_otu: hichapụ otu.
3. groupmod -n new_group_name old_group_name: nyegharịa otu aha.
4. useradd -c “Aha nna” -g admin -d / home / user1 -s / bin / bash user1: Mepụta onye ọrụ ọhụrụ nke otu "admin".
5. eji userdd1: mepụta onye ọrụ ọhụụ.
6. onye ọrụ -r onye ọrụ1: hichapụ onye ọrụ ('-r' na - ewepu ndekọ Home).
7. usermod -c "Onye ọrụ FTP”-G usoro -d / ftp / user1 -s / bin / nologin user1: gbanwee njirimara onye ọrụ.
8. passwd: gbanwee okwuntughe.
9. passwd onye ọrụ 1: gbanwee okwuntughe onye ọrụ (naanị mgbọrọgwụ).
10. chage -E 2011-12-31 onye ọrụ1: setịpụrụ okwu maka paswọọdụ onye ọrụ. Na nke a ọ na - ekwu na igodo ahụ kwụsịrị na December 31, 2011.
11. pwck: lelee ezigbo syntax faịlụ nke '/ etc / passwd' na ịdị adị nke ndị ọrụ.
12. Ibeegbo: lelee usoro ziri ezi na usoro nke faịlụ '/ wdg / otu' na ịdị adị nke otu.
13. newgrp otu_name: Debanye aha otu ohuru iji gbanwee otu ndabara nke faịlụ ọhụụ.

Ikike na faịlụ (Jiri "+" iji tinye ikikere yana "-" wepụ)

1. ls -lh: Gosi ikikere.
2. ls / tmp | pr -T5 -W $ AKWOLKWỌ: kewaa ọnụ n’ime ogidi 5.
3. chmod ugo + rwx directory1: tinye agụ ®, dee (w) ma mezuo (x) ikikere nye onye nwe (u), otu (g) ​​na ndị ọzọ (o) na ndekọ 'ndekọ ndekọ1'.
4. chmod go-rwx ndekọ1: wepu ikike iguta ®, dee (w) na (x) gbuo ndi ozo (g) na ndi ozo (o) na ndekọ aha 'ndekọ1'.
5. onye oru1 file1: gbanwee onye nwe faịlụ.
6. chown -R user1 ndekọ1: gbanwee onye nwe ndekọ na faịlụ niile na akwụkwọ ndekọ aha dị n'ime.
7. Otu chgrp1 file1: gbanwee otu faịlụ.
8. onye ọrụ cho1: otu1 file1: gbanwee onye ọrụ na otu nwere faịlụ.
9. chọta / -perm -u + s: lee faịlụ niile na sistemụ nke ahaziri SUID.
10. chmod ị + s / bin / file1: tinye SUID bit na faịlụ ọnụọgụ abụọ. Onye ọrụ na-agba ọsọ na faịlụ ahụ na-enweta otu ihe ùgwù dị ka onye nwe ya.
11. chmod anyị / bin / file1: gbanyụọ SUID bit na faịlụ ọnụọgụ abụọ.
12. chmod g + s / ụlọ / ọha: tinye SGID bit na ndekọ - Yiri ka SUID mana kwa ndekọ.
13. chmod gs / home / ọha: gbanyụọ ntakịrị SGID na ndekọ aha.
14. chmod o + t / ụlọ / ọha: tinye obere STIKY na ndekọ aha. Enye ohere nhichapụ faịlụ naanị ziri ezi nwe.
15. chmod ot / home / ọha: gbanyụọ ntakịrị ihe na ndekọ.

Njirimara pụrụ iche na faịlụ (Jiri "+" ịtọ ikikere na "-" iji wepụ)

1. chattr + ka faịlụ1: na-enye ohere ide ihe site na imeghe faịlụ naanị ngwa mgbakwunye.
2. chattr + c faịlụ1: na-enye ohere faịlụ ka abịakọ / decompressed na-akpaghị aka.
3. chattr + d faịlụ1: na-ekwenye na mmemme ahụ leghaara ihichapụ faịlụ n'oge ndabere.
4. chattr + m faịlụ1: na-eme ka faịlụ ahụ ghara ịgbanwe agbanwe, ya mere enweghị ike ihichapụ ya, gbanwee ya, megharịa ya, ma ọ bụ jikọọ ya.
5. Faịlụ + chattr + s: na-enye ohere faịlụ ka ehichapụ ya n'enweghị nsogbu.
6. chattr + S faịlụ 1: ana achi achi na a faịlụ gbanwetụrụ, mgbanwe e dere na synchronous mode dị ka mmekọrịta.
7. chattr + ị faịlụ1: -enye gị ohere iji naghachi ọdịnaya nke a file ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-kagbuo.
8. Nwachukwu: gosiputa ihe puru iche.

Ihe gbasara ya:

Na Ọnụ: Nha na Iwu Ohere

Archives na abịakọrọ faịlụ

1. bunzip2 faịlụ 1.bz2: unzip faịlụ aha ya 'file1.bz2'.
2. faịlụ bzip2: mpikota onu faịlụ aha ya 'file1'.
3. gunzip faịlụ1.gz: wepụ ihe faịlụ a na - akpọ 'file1.gz'.
4. faịlụ gzip 1: mpikota onu faịlụ aha ya 'file1'.
5. gzip -9 faịlụ1: compresses na mkpakọ kachasị.
6. rar ka file1.rar test_file: mepụta faịlụ rar akpọ 'file1.rar'.
7. rar ka file1.rar file1 file2 dir1: mpikota onu 'file1', 'file2' na 'dir1' n'out oge.
8. rar x file1.rar: wepu faịlụ rar.
9. unrar x faịlụ1.rar: wepu faịlụ rar.
10. tar -cvf archive.tar faịlụ1: mepụta tarball na-emegheghị.
11. tar -cvf archive.tar faịlụ1 faịlụ2 dir1: mepụta faịlụ nwere 'file1', 'file2' na 'dir1'.
12. tar -tf Archive.tar: gosipụta ọdịnaya nke faịlụ.
13. tar -xvf Archive.tar: wepu tarball.
14. tar -xvf archive.tar -C / tmp: wepụ tarball na / tmp.
15. tar -cvfj Archive.tar.bz2 dir1: mepụta mpempe akwụkwọ mpịakọta n'ime bzip2.
16. taa -xvfj Archive.tar.bz2: decompress a tar archive abịakọrọ na bzip2
17. tar -cvfz Archive.tar.gz dir1: mepụta gzipped tarball.
18. tar -xvfz Archive.tar.gz- Wepụ ebe a na-edebe akwụkwọ gzipped.
19. zip faịlụ 1.zip faịlụ1: mepụta faịlụ zip.
20. zip -r file1.zip faịlụ1 faịlụ2 dir1: mpikota onu, na zip, ọtụtụ faịlụ na ndekọ aha n'out oge.
21. unzip faịlụ1.zip: wepụ faịlụ zip.

Ihe nchịkọta RPM (Red Hat, Fedora, na ihe ndị yiri ya)

1. Rpm -ivh ngwugwu.rpm: wụnye ngwugwu rpm.
2. rpm -ivh –nodeeps ngwugwu.rpm: wụnye ngwugwu rpm na-eleghara arịrịọ ndabere anya.
3. rpm -U ngwugwu.rpm: melite ngwugwu rpm na-agbanwe agbanwe nhazi nke faịlụ.
4. Rpm -F ngwugwu.rpm: melite ngwugwu rpm naanị ma ọ bụrụ na arụnyere.
5. rpm -e ngwugwu_name.rpm: wepu ngwungwu rpm.
6. rpm -ka: gosiputa ngwugwu rpm niile arụnyere na sistemụ.
7. rpm -qa | kelee httpd: gosi ngwugwu niile rpm nwere aha “httpd”.
8. rpm -qi ngwugwu_name- Nweta ozi na ngwungwu arụnyere.
9. rpm -qg "Usoro gburugburu ebe obibi / Daemons": gosi ngwugwu rpm nke otu ngwanrọ.
10. rpm -ql ngwugwu_name: show ndepụta nke faịlụ nyere site na ngwugwu rpm arụnyere.
11. rpm -qc ngwugwu_name: gosi nhazi ndepụta nke faịlụ enyere site na ngwugwu rpm arụnyere.
12. rpm -q ngwugwu_name -ma-acho: gosi ndepụta ndepụta nke ịdabere maka ngwugwu rpm.
13. rpm -q ngwugwu_name -ihe na-enye: gosiputa ikike enyere site na ngwugwu rpm.
14. rpm -q ngwugwu_name-akwukwọ: show n'ihendesịta malitere n'oge nwụnye / mwepụ.
15. rpm -q ngwugwu_name –gbanwe: gosiputa mmeghari akụkọ ihe ngwugwu rpm.
16. rpm -qf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf: lelee ngwugwu rpm bụ nke faịlụ enyere.
17. ngwugwu rpm -qp.rpm -l: show ndepụta nke faịlụ nyere site na ngwugwu rpm nke etinyebeghị.
18. rpm –import / media / cdrom / RPM-GPG-KEY: mbubata mbinye aka dijitalụ nke igodo ọha.
19. rpm –checksig ngwugwu.rpm: nyochaa njirimara nke ngwugwu rpm.
20. rpm -qa gpg -pubkey- Lelee iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke ngwugwu rpm niile.
21. aha njirimara rpm -V: lelee ogo faịlụ, ikikere, ụdị, onye nwe ya, otu, MD5 nchịkọta nyocha na mmezi ikpeazụ.
22. rpm -Va: lelee nchịkọta rpm niile arụnyere na sistemụ. Jiri nlezianya.
23. ngwugwu rpm -Vp.rpm: lelee ngwugwu rpm etinyebeghị.
24. ngwugwu rpm2cpio.rpm | cpio –extract -eme-ndekọ aha bin*: Wepu faịlụ a na-enweta site na ngwugwu rpm.
25. rpm -ivh /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/`arch`/package.rpm: wụnye ngwugwu wuru site na isi iyi rpm.
26. rpmbuild –rezie package_name.src.rpm: wuo ngwugwu rpm site na isi iyi rpm.

Ihe ngwugwu YUM (Uhie okpu, Fedora na ihe ndị yiri ya)

1. yum wụnye package_name: budata ma tinye ngwugwu rpm.
2. yum localinstall ngwugwu_name.rpm: nke a ga - etinye RPM ma gbalịa idozi ihe niile ịdabere gị, na - eji ebe nchekwa gị.
3. yum melite ngwugwu_name.rpm: melite ngwugwu rpm niile arụnyere na sistemụ.
4. yum melite ngwugwu_name: imezi / melite ngwugwu rpm.
5. yum wepu ngwugwu_name: wepu ngwungwu rpm.
6. yum ndepụta: depụta nchịkọta niile awụnyere na sistemụ.
7. yum ọchụchọ ngwugwu aha: Chọta ngwugwu na ebe nchekwa rpm.
8. yum ọcha nchịkọta: hichaa oghere rpm site na ihichapụ ngwugwu ebudatara.
9. yum ọcha nkụnye ndị eji isi mee: wepu faịlụ niile nkụnye eji isi mee nke sistemụ iji dozie ndabere.
10. yum hichaa ihe niile: wepu ya na cache ngwugwu na nkụnye eji isi mee faịlụ.

Nkwụ ụgwọ Deb (Debian, Ubuntu na nkwekọrịta)

1. dpkg -i ngwugwu.deb: wụnye / melite a deb ngwugwu.
2. dpkg -r ngwugwu_name: wepụ ngwugwu ụgwọ site na sistemụ.
3. dpkg -l: gosiputa ugwo nile eji etinye na sistemụ.
4. dpkg -l | kelee httpd: gosi ngwugwu nile ji aha ya bu “httpd”
5. dpkg -s ngwugwu_name- Nweta ozi na otu ngwugwu arụnyere na sistemụ.
6. dpkg -L ngwugwu_name: show ndepụta nke faịlụ nyere site na ngwugwu arụnyere na sistemụ.
7. dpkg –njupụta ngwugwu.deb: show ndepụta nke faịlụ nyere site na ngwugwu etinyebeghị.
8. dpkg -S / biini / ping: lelee ngwugwu nke faịlụ a nyere.

APT ngwugwu ngwugwu (Debian, Ubuntu na nkwekọrịta)

1. apt-nweta wụnye ngwugwu_name: wụnye / melite a deb ngwugwu.
2. apt-cdrom wụnye ngwugwu_name: wụnye / melite ngwugwu ụgwọ site na cdrom.
3. Apt-nweta mmelite: melite ndepụta ngwugwu.
4. apt-nweta nweta nkwalite: melite ngwugwu niile arụnyere.
5. apt-wepu wepu ngwugwu_name: wepụ ngwugwu ụgwọ site na sistemụ.
6. apt-nweta ego: nyochaa nyocha ziri ezi nke ndị ịdabere.
7. apt-dị ọcha: kpochapụ oghere site na nchịkọta ndị ebudatara.
8. apt-cache nyocha ọchụchọ-ngwugwu: weghachite ndepụta nke nchịkọta dabara na usoro "nchịkọta nchịkọta".

Lelee ọdịnaya nke faịlụ

1. pusi faịlụ 1: lee ọdịnaya nke faịlụ malite na ahịrị mbụ.
2. tac faịlụ1: lee ọdịnaya nke faịlụ malite na akara ikpeazụ.
3. ọzọ file1: lelee ọdịnaya niile na faịlụ.
4. obere file1: yiri iwu 'ọzọ' mana ọ na-enye ohere ịchekwa mmegharị na faịlụ yana ijegharị azụ.
5. isi -2 faịlụ1: lee ahịrị abụọ mbụ nke otu faịlụ.
6. ọdụ -2 faịlụ1: lee ahịrị abụọ ikpeazụ nke otu faịlụ.
7. ọdụ -f / var / log / ozi: hụ na ozugbo ihe agbakwunyere na faịlụ ahụ.

Nhazi ederede

1. pusi faịlụ1 file2 .. | iwu <> file1_in.txt_or_file1_out.txt- Nchịkọta izugbe maka iji ihe ederede eji PIPE, STDIN, na STDOUT eme ihe.
2. pusi faịlụ1 | iwu (sed, grep, awk, grep, wdg ...)> result.txt: nchịkọta akụkọ izugbe iji dezie ederede na faịlụ ma dee nsonaazụ na faịlụ ọhụrụ.
3. pusi faịlụ1 | iwu (sed, grep, awk, grep, wdg ...) »result.txt: nchịkọta akụkọ izugbe iji dezie ederede na faịlụ ma tinye nsonaazụ na faịlụ dị.
4. grep Aug / var / log / messages: chọọ okwu “Aug” na faịlị '/ var / log / messages'.
5. grep ^ Aug / var / log / messages: chọta okwu malite na “Aug” na faịlị / var / log / messages '
6. grep [0-9] / var / log / ozi: họrọ ahịrị niile na faịlụ '/ var / log / messages' nke nwere ọnụọgụ.
7. grep Aug -R / var / log /*: chọọ eriri “Aug” na ndekọ aha '/ var / log' na n'okpuru.
8. sed 's / stringa1 / stringa2 / g' example.txt: ibughari "string1" na "string2" na example.txt
9. sed '/ ^ $ / d' ihe atụ.txt: wepu ahịrị niile oghere site na example.txt
10. sed '/ * # / d; / ^ $ / d 'ihe atụ.txt: wepu echiche na ahịrị oghere site na example.txt
11. nkuzi mgbamejije 'esempio' | tr '[: ala:]' '[: elu:]': gbanwee obere mkpụrụedemede ka elu.
12. sed -e '1d' n'ihi .txt: wepu akara mbụ nke faịlụ file.txt
13. sed -n '/ stringa1 / p': gosipụta naanị ahịrị nwere okwu ahụ bụ "string1".

Tọọ agwa na ntụgharị faịlụ

1. dos2unix fileos.txt fileunix.txt: gbanwee ederede faịlụ site na MSDOS ka UNIX.
2. unix2dos fileunix.txt fileos.txt: tọghata usoro faịlụ ederede site na UNIX ka MSDOS.
3. cheta ..HTML <peeji.txt> peeji nke.html: gbanwee faịlụ ederede ka ọ bụrụ html.
4. recode -l | Ọzọ- Gosi niile dị format tọghatara.

Nyocha usoro faịlụ

1. ihe mgbochi -v / dev / hda1: Lelee nkanka ọjọọ na diski hda1.
2. fsck / dev / hda1: Mmezi / lelee iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke sistemụ Linux na diski hda1.
3. fsck.ext2 / dev / hda1: mmezi / lelee iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke faịlụ 2 sistemụ na disk hda1.
4. e2fsck / dev / hda1: mmezi / lelee iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke faịlụ 2 sistemụ na disk hda1.
5. e2fsck -j / dev / hda1: mmezi / lelee iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke faịlụ 3 sistemụ na disk hda1.
6. fsck.ext3 / dev / hda1: mmezi / lelee iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke faịlụ 3 sistemụ na disk hda1.
7. fsck.vfat / dev / hda1: mmezi / lelee iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke faịlụ sistemu abụba na disk hda1.
8. fsck.msdos / dev / hda1: ịrụzi / lelee iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke faịlụ na usoro dos na disk hda1.
9. dosfsck / dev / hda1: ịrụzi / lelee iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke faịlụ na usoro dos na disk hda1.

Hazie sistemụ faịlụ

1. mkfs / dev / hda1: mepụta faịlụ Linux dị ka nkewa hda1.
2. mke2fs / dev / hda1: mepụta Linux ext 2 faịlụ sistemụ na hda1.
3. mke2fs -j / dev / hda1: mepụta Linux ext3 (nke oge) faịlụ sistemụ na nkebi hda1.
4. mkfs -t vfat 32 -F / dev / hda1: mepụta FAT32 sistemụ faịlụ na hda1.
5. fdformat -n / dev / fd0: usoro disk flooply.
6. Mkswap / dev / hda3: mepụta swap system file.

Ana m arụ ọrụ na SWAP

1. Mkswap / dev / hda3: mepụta swap usoro faịlụ.
2. swapon / dev / hda3: na-eme ka akụkụ swap ọhụrụ rụọ ọrụ.
3. swapon / dev / hda2 / dev / hdb3: mee ka akụkụ abụọ gbanwere.

Salvas (ndabere)

1. kpofu -0aj -f /tmp/home0.bak / ulo: chekwaa ndekọ aha '/ home'.
2. kpofu -1aj -f /tmp/home0.bak / ulo: mee ndokwa nke ndekọ ndekọ '/ home'.
3. weghachi -if /tmp/home0.bak: iweghachi salvo yana mmekọrịta.
4. rsync -rogpav –delete / ulo / tmp: mmekọrịta n'etiti ndekọ.
5. rsync -rogpav -e ssh –delete / home ip_address: / tmp: rsync site na ọwara SSH.
6. rsync -az -e ssh –delete ip_addr: / ulo / ọha / ulo / obodo: mekọrịta ndekọ mpaghara na ndekọ aha dịpụrụ adịpụ site na ssh na mkpakọ.
7. rsync -az -e ssh –delete / home / local ip_addr: / ulo / ọha- Mekọrịta ndekọ dị n'ime ime na ndekọ mpaghara site na ssh na mkpakọ.
8. dd bs = 1M ma ọ bụrụ = / dev / hda | gzip | ssh user @ ip_addr 'dd of = hda.gz': chekwaa draịvụ ike na onye ọbịa dịpụrụ adịpụ site na ssh.
9. dd ma ọ bụrụ = / dev / sda nke = / tmp / file1: chekwaa ọdịnaya nke diski ike na faịlụ. (N'okwu a diski ike bụ "sda" na faịlụ a bụ "file1").
10. tar -Puf backup.tar / ulo / onye ọrụ: mee nchekwa nke ndekọ '/ ụlọ / onye ọrụ'.
11. (cd / tmp / obodo / && tar c.) | ssh -C user @ ip_addr 'cd / home / share / && tar x -p'Detuo ọdịnaya nke ndekọ na ndekọ dị na ntanetị site na ssh.
12. (tar c / ụlọ) | ssh -C user @ ip_addr 'cd / home / backup-home && tar x -p': detuo ndekọ mpaghara mpaghara na ndekọ dị n'ime site na ssh.
13. tar cf -. | (cd / tmp / ndabere; tar xf -): oyiri nchekwa obodo na njikọ site n'otu ndekọ gaa na nke ọzọ.
14. chọta / ụlọ / onye ọrụ1-aha '* .txt' | xargs cp -av –target-directory = / ulo / ndabere / –parents: chọta ma detuo faịlụ niile na ndọtị '.txt' site na otu ndekọ gaa na nke ọzọ.
15. chọta / var / log -name '* .log' | tar cv –files-si = - | bzip2> log.tar.bz2: chọta faịlụ niile na ndọtị '.log' ma mee bzip Archive.
16. dd oburu = / dev / hda nke = / dev / fd0 bs = 512 count = 1: mee otu MRB (Master Boot Record) gaa na diski floppy.
17. dd oburu = / dev / fd0 nke = / dev / hda bs = 512 agu = 1: weghachite otu MBR (Master Boot Record) echekwara na floppy.

CD-ROM

1. cdrecord -v gracetime = 2 dev = / dev / cdrom -eject blank = ngwa-ngwa-ike: hichaa ma ọ bụ hichapụ a rewritable cd.
2. mkisofs / dev / cdrom> cd.iso: mepụta ihe oyiyi iso nke cdrom na diski.
3. mkisofs / dev / cdrom | gzip> cd_iso.gz: mepụta ihe oyiyi iso nke cdrom na diski.
4. mkisofs -J -igba-eduga-ntụpọ -R -V “Label CD” -iso-larịị 4 -o ./cd.iso data_cd: mepụta onyonyo iso nke akwukwo.
5. cdrecord -v dev = / dev / cdrom cd.iso: gbaa ihe oyiyi iso.
6. gzip -dc cd_iso.gz | cdrecord dev = / dev / cdrom - Ndia: ọkụ a abịakọrọ image.
7. mount -o loop cd.iso / mnt / iso: bulie ihe oyiyi iso.
8. cd -paranoia -B: were songs si a CD ka WAV faịlụ.
9. cd-paranoia - "-3": nyefee ndị mbụ 3 songs si a CD ka WAV faịlụ.
10. cdrecord-scanbus: i scanomi ụgbọ ala iji chọpụta ọwa scsi.
11. dd ma ọ bụrụ = / dev / hdc | md5sum: na-agba md5sum na ngwaọrụ, dị ka CD.

M na-arụ ọrụ na NETWORK ( LAN na Wi-Fi)

1. ifconfig eth0: gosi nhazi nke kaadi network Ethernet.
2. ifu eth0: mee ka interface 'eth0' rụọ ọrụ.
3. ọ bụrụ eth0: gbanyụọ interface 'eth0'.
4. ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0: hazie adreesị IP.
5. ifconfig eth0 promisc: hazie 'eth0' na ọnọdụ nkịtị iji nweta ngwugwu (sniffing).
6. cdị eth0: rụọ ọrụ interface 'eth0' na ọnọdụ dhcp.
7. ụzọ -n: gosi njem nleta.
8. okporo ụzọ tinye -net 0/0 gw IP_Gateway: setịpụ ndabara ndabara.
9. ụzọ tinye -net 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 gw 192.168.1.1: hazi static ụzọ ịchọ netwọk '192.168.0.0/16'.
10. uzo del 0/0 gw IP_gateway: wepu uzo ozo.
11. ikwughachi "1"> / proc / sys / net / ipv4 / ip_forward: rụọ ọrụ ip njegharị.
12. aha nnabata: gosiputa aha nnabata nke sistemụ.
13. usu www.example.com: chọta onye nwe ụlọ iji dozie aha ahụ na adreesị IP (1).
14. nlele www.example.com: chọọ aha onye nwe ụlọ iji dozie aha ahụ na adreesị IP na ntụgharị ihu (2).
15. ip njikọta gosi: gosi njikọ njikọ nke ihu niile.
16. mii-ngwá ọrụ eth0: gosi ọkwa njikọ nke 'eth0'.
17. ezi eth0: gosi onu ogugu nke kaadi network ‘eth0’.
18. netstat-tup- Gosi njikọ netwọkụ nọ n’ọrụ na PID ha niile.
19. netstat-tupl: na-egosi ndị niile na-ege ntị na netwọk na sistemụ na PID ha.
20. tcpdump tcp n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 80: gosi ahia niile Http.
21. iwlist nyocha: gosi netwọk ikuku.
22. iwconfig eth1: gosi nhazi nke kaadị ikuku ikuku.
23. onye www.example.com: chọọ ebe nchekwa data Whois.

Netwọk Microsoft Windows (SAMBA)

1. nbtscan ip_addr: bios network aha mkpebi.
2. nmblookup -A ip_addr: bios network aha mkpebi.
3. smbclient -L ip_addr / hostname: gosipụta omume dịpụrụ adịpụ nke onye ọbịa na windo.

IP tebụl (FIREWALL)

1. iptables -t nyo -L: Gosi eriri niile na tebụl nzacha.
2. iptables -t nat -L: show all strings from nat okpokoro.
3. iptables -t nyo -F: hichapụ iwu niile na tebụl nzacha.
4. iptables -t nat -F: hichapụ iwu niile na nat table.
5. iptables -t nyo -X: hichapụ eriri ọ bụla nke onye ọrụ ahụ mepụtara.
6. iptables -t filter -A ntinye -p tcp –dport telnet -j ACCEPT: kwe ka njikọ telnet banye.
7. iptables -t iyo -Ọzọpụta -p tcp –dport http -j DROP: igbochi njikọ Http ịpụ apụ.
8. iptables -t filter-FORWARD -p tcp –dport pop3 -j ACCEPT: kwe njikọ POP ka a n'ihu yinye.
9. iptables -t filter-INPUT -j LOG –log-prefix “DRP INPUT”: ịdenye eriri ntinye.
10. iptables -t nat -APOSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE: hazie PAT (Adreesị Ntụgharị Port) na eth0, na-ezo ngwugwu na-apụ apụ.
11. iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 192.168.0.1 -p tcp -m tcp –dport 22 -j DNAT –to-ebe 10.0.0.2:22: redirect ngwugwu eduzi site na otu ọbịa ọzọ.

Nlekota na nchapu

1. n'elu: gosi ngwa oru Linux jiri otutu cpu.
2. ps -egwu: na-egosi Linux aga-eme.
3. ps -e -o pid, args – igbo- Egosiputa Linux aga-eme na a hierarchical mode.
4. osisi: gosipụta usoro usoro osisi.
5. igbu -9 Process_ID- Force mechie usoro na kwụsị ya.
6. igbu -1 Process_ID: mee ka usoro iji bulite nhazi ahụ.
7. lsof -p $ $: gosi ndepụta faịlụ nke usoro mepere.
8. lsof / ulo / onye ọrụ 1: na-egosi ndepụta nke emeghe faịlụ na a nyere ụzọ nke usoro.
9. strace -c ls> / dev / null: gosipụta usoro oku mere ma nata site na usoro.
10. strace -f -e mepee ls> / dev / null: gosipụta oku na ọba akwụkwọ.
11. nche -n1 'cat / proc / interrupts': gosiputa nkwụsịtụ na oge.
12. ikpeazụ reboot: show reboot akụkọ ihe mere eme.
13. Umuoji: gosi kernel eburu.
14. enwere onwe -m- Egosiputa ọnọdụ RAM na megabytes.
15. smartctl -A / dev / hda- Nyochaa ntụkwasị obi nke draịvụ ike site na Smart.
16. smartctl -i / dev / hda: lelee ma ọ bụrụ na agbanyere SMART na diski ike.
17. ọdụ / var / log / dmesg: gosipụta ihe omume dị na kernel loading usoro.
18. ọdụ / var / log / ozi: gosi usoro ihe omume.

Iwu ndị ọzọ bara uru

1. apropos ... isiokwu: gosipụta ndepụta nke iwu nke isiokwu ya; Ha bara uru mgbe ị maara ihe mmemme gị na-eme, mana ị maghị aha iwu ahụ.
2. nwoke ping: gosi akwukwo ntuziaka na ntanetị; Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na iwu ping, jiri nhọrọ '-k' chọta iwu ọ bụla metụtara ya.
3. gini bụ isiokwu: na-egosi nkowa nke ihe mmemme a.
4. mkbootdisk –device / dev / fd0 `uname -r`: mepụta ite mmiri.
5. gpg -c faịlụ1: encode faịlụ na GNU nche.
6. gpg faịlụ1.gpg: itapia faịlụ na GNU Security Guard.
7. wut -r www.example.com: budata ebe nrụọrụ weebụ zuru ezu.
8. wget -c www.example.com/file.iso: budata faịlụ nwere ike ịkwụsị nbudata ma malitegharịa ma emechaa.
9. nkuzi mgbamejije 'wget -c www.example.com/files.iso'| na 09:00: Bido nbudata n’oge obula. Na nke a ọ ga-ebido n'elekere itoolu.
10. ldd / usr / bin / ssh: gosiputa ọba akwukwo ndi choro ka usoro ssh choro.
11. utu aha hh = 'akụkọ ihe mere eme': tinye aha maka iwu –hh = Akụkọ.
12. chsh: gbanwee iwu Shell.
13. chsh-ndepụta-shells: bụ iwu kwesịrị ekwesị ịmara ma ọ bụrụ na ị ga-eme ime na ọdụ ọzọ.
14. onye -a: gosipụta onye debanyere aha, na oge mbipụta nke usoro mbubata ikpeazụ, usoro nwụrụ anwụ, usoro ndekọ usoro, usoro ọrụ na-arụ site na init, ọrụ ugbu a na mgbanwe ikpeazụ nke elekere sistemụ.