Nthawi zonse ndimaganiza kuti chitetezo sichimapweteka, ndipo sichokwanira (ndichifukwa chake achira Amanditcha kuti ndine wamisala wolimbikira komanso wotetezeka ...), kotero ngakhale ndikagwiritsa ntchito GNU / Linux, sindimanyalanyaza chitetezo cha makina anga, mapasiwedi (osinthidwa mwachisawawa ndi alireza), ndi zina.
Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale makina akayimira Unix ali otetezeka mosakayikira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mosakayikira mugwiritse ntchito Chiwombankhanga, ikonzekereni bwino, kuti mutetezedwe momwe mungathere 🙂
Apa ndikufotokozerani popanda zovuta zambiri, zovuta kapena zovuta kudziwa momwe mungadziwire zoyambira za iptables.
Koma… Kodi heck ndi iptables?
iptables Ndi gawo la Linux kernel (gawo) lomwe limafotokoza zosefera paketi. Izi zanenedwa mwanjira ina, zikutanthauza kuti iptables ndiye gawo la kernel lomwe ntchito yake ndikudziwa zomwe mukufuna / kompyuta / phukusi lomwe mukufuna kulowa mu kompyuta yanu, ndi chiyani osati (ndikupanga zinthu zambiri, koma tiyeni tiwone izi pakadali pano hehe).
Ndilongosola izi mwanjira ina 🙂
Ambiri pama distros awo amagwiritsa ntchito zotchingira moto, Woyimira moto o Moto, koma zowotchera moto kwenikweni 'kumbuyo' (kumbuyo) ntchito iptables, ndiye ... bwanji osagwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji iptables?
Ndipo ndi zomwe ndikufotokozera mwachidule apa 🙂
Pakadali pano pali kukayika kulikonse? 😀
Kugwira ntchito ndi iptables Ndikofunikira kukhala ndi zilolezo zoyang'anira, chifukwa chake ndidzagwiritsa ntchito sudo (koma ngati mulowa monga muzu, palibe chifukwa).
Kuti kompyuta yathu ikhale yotetezeka, timangofunika kuloleza zomwe tikufuna. Onani kompyuta yanu ngati ili yanu, m'nyumba mwanu inu osalola kuti aliyense alowe, ndi anthu enaake okha omwe mwawavomereza asanalowe, sichoncho? Ndi zotchingira moto zimachitika chimodzimodzi, mwachisawawa palibe amene angalowe mu kompyuta yathu, okhawo omwe akufuna kulowa ndi omwe angathe kulowa enter
Kuti ndikwaniritse izi ndikufotokozera, Nazi njira izi:
1. Tsegulani malo ogwiritsira, ikani izi ndikusindikiza [Lowani]:
sudo iptables -P INPUT DROP
Izi zikhala zokwanira kuti pasakhale aliyense, mwamtheradi amene sangalowe mu kompyuta yanu ... ndipo "palibe" ameneyu akuphatikizanso inunso
Kufotokozera kwa mzere wapitawu: Ndife timawonetsa ma iptables kuti mfundo zosasintha (-P) pazonse zomwe zikufuna kulowa pamakompyuta athu (INPUT) ndikuzinyalanyaza, kuzinyalanyaza (DROP)Palibe amene ali wamba, kwenikweni, ngakhale inu simudzatha kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kapena china chilichonse, ndichifukwa chake tiyenera kukhala munthawiyo kuti titsatire zotsatirazi ndikusindikiza [Lowani]:
sudo iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
... sindikumvetsa zoyipa, Kodi mizere iwiri yachilendo iyi ikuchita chiyani tsopano? ...
Zosavuta 🙂
Mzere woyamba zomwe akunena ndikuti kompyuta yokha (-i lo ... mwa njira, lo = localhost) akhoza kuchita chilichonse chomwe chingafune. China chake chodziwikiratu, chomwe chingawoneke ngati chosamveka ... koma ndikhulupirireni, ndikofunikira monga mpweya haha.
Mzere wachiwiri ndikufotokozera pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo / kufananizira / fanizo lomwe ndidagwiritsa ntchito kale, ndikutanthauza kuyerekezera kompyuta ndi nyumba 🙂 Mwachitsanzo, tiyerekeze kuti timakhala ndi anthu ambiri mnyumba mwathu (amayi, abambo, abale, bwenzi, ndi ena). Ngati aliyense mwa anthuwa atuluka m'nyumba, kodi zikuwonekeratu / zomveka kuti tidzawalola akabwerera, ayi?
Izi ndizomwe mzere wachiwiriwu umachita. Maulalo onse omwe timayambitsa (omwe amatuluka pakompyuta yathu), tikadutsa kulumikizana komwe mukufuna kufotokoza zina, iptables alola kuti tsambalo lilowe. Kuyika chitsanzo chimodzi kuti tifotokoze, ngati tikugwiritsa ntchito msakatuli wathu kuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, popanda malamulo awiriwa sitingathe, inde ... osatsegula alumikizana ndi intaneti, koma ikayesa kutsitsa data (.html, .gif, ndi zina) pamakompyuta athu kutiwonetsa ife, simungathe iptables Idzakana kulowa kwa mapaketi (data), pomwe tili ndi malamulowa, pomwe timayambitsa kulumikizana kuchokera mkati (kuchokera pamakompyuta athu) ndipo kulumikizana komweku ndi komwe kumayesera kulowa deta, kulola kufikira.
Tili okonzeka, tanena kale kuti palibe amene angapeze ntchito iliyonse pamakompyuta athu, palibe wina kupatula makompyuta omwewo (127.0.0.1) komanso, kupatula kulumikizana komwe kumayambika pakompyuta yomwe.
Tsopano ndikufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane mwachangu, chifukwa gawo lachiwiri la phunziroli lifotokoza ndikufotokoza zambiri za hehe, sindikufuna kupita patsogolo kwambiri
Izi zimachitika kuti mwachitsanzo, ali ndi tsamba lofalitsidwa pamakompyuta awo, ndipo amafuna kuti webusayiti iwonedwe ndi aliyense, monga tisanalengezere kuti chilichonse sichingaloledwe, pokhapokha ngati tanena, palibe amene adzatha kuwona tsamba lathu. Tsopano tipanga aliyense kuti awone tsamba lawebusayiti kapena mawebusayiti omwe tili nawo pamakompyuta athu, chifukwa cha izi tayika:
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
Izi ndizosavuta kufotokoza 😀
Ndi mzerewu tikulengeza kuti mumavomereza kapena kulola (-j LandiraniMagalimoto onse kudoko 80 (-Kutumiza 80pangani TCP (-p ndi), ndikuti imabweretsanso anthu ambiri (-ZOPEREKA). Ndidayika doko 80, chifukwa ndiye doko la osungira masamba, ndiye kuti ... pomwe msakatuli amayesa kutsegula tsamba pa X kompyuta, imawoneka yosasinthika padoko limenelo.
Tsopano ... zomwe muyenera kuchita mukadziwa malamulo oyenera kukhazikitsa, koma tikayambanso kompyutayo tiwona kuti zosinthazo sizinasungidwe? ... chifukwa, ndachita kale maphunziro ena lero:
Momwe mungayambitsire iptables amalamulira zokha
Pamenepo ndimafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane 😀
Ndipo apa malekezero a 1 phunziro za iptables za newbies, chidwi komanso chidwi Don't… osadandaula, sudzakhala hehe womaliza, wotsatira athana ndi zomwezi, koma malamulo achindunji, kufotokoza chilichonse pang'ono ndikuwonjezera chitetezo. Sindikufuna kukulitsa izi, chifukwa kwenikweni ndikofunikira kuti zoyambira (zomwe mumawerenga pachiyambi) zimvetse bwino 🙂
Moni ndi… bwerani, ndikufotokozera kukayika, bola ngati mungadziwe yankho LOL !! (Sindine katswiri pa izi mpaka hahaha)
Ndemanga za 41, siyani anu
Zabwino kwambiri! Funso lokha? Kodi mukudziwa zomwe zosintha zosasintha ndi? Funso ndilopenga kuti ndingokhala: D.
Zikomo kwambiri.
Mwachikhazikitso, chabwino mwachisawawa chimavomereza chilichonse. Mwanjira ina, ntchito yomwe mumayika pakompyuta yanu ... ntchito yomwe izikhala pagulu kwa ena onse 😀
Ukundimvetsa?
Chifukwa chake ... mukamafuna kuti tsamba la X lisawone NDI mnzanu, kapena IP wina, pakubwera chowotcha moto, htaccess, kapena njira ina yokana mwayi.
Nkhani,
M'bale, Wabwino !!!! Tsopano ndiwerenga yoyamba ...
Zikomo chifukwa chathandizo lanu…
Dila
Zikomo chifukwa cha phunziroli, limandithandiza kwambiri.
Chokhacho chomwe ndikufuna kudziwa kapena kutsimikiza ndikuti ngati ndi malangizowa sindikhala ndi vuto lililonse kusamutsa p2p, kutsitsa mafayilo kapena kuyimba kanema, mwachitsanzo. Kuchokera pazomwe ndawerenga ayi, sipayenera kukhala zovuta, koma ndimakonda kuwonetsetsa ndisanalowe m'mizere.
Zikomo kuyambira pano.
Zikomo.
Simuyenera kukhala ndi mavuto, komabe uku ndikofunikira, pamaphunziro otsatirawa ndikufotokozerani momwe mungawonjezere malamulo anu, kutengera kufunikira kwa aliyense, ndi zina zambiri 🙂
Koma ndikubwereza, simuyenera kukhala ndi mavuto, ngati muli nawo kungoyambiranso kompyuta ndipo ndi zomwezo, ngati kuti simunakonzekere iptables 😀
Yambitsaninso ? Zikumveka kwambiri windowsero. Zikakhala zovuta kwambiri, muyenera kungotsitsa malamulo a iptables ndikukhazikitsa njira zosavomerezeka kuti MULANDire ndipo nkhaniyi yakhazikika, ndiye rockandroleo, simudzakhala ndi mavuto.
Zikomo!
Ndipo, Pepani kupemphanso, koma popeza tili pamutu pa firewall, ndizotheka kuti mufotokozere momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito malamulo omwewo mu mawonekedwe olumikizana ndi zotchingira moto monga gufw kapena firestarter.
Choyamba, Zikomo.
Zikomo.
Ndikufotokozera Firestarter, gufw ndangoziwona ndipo sindinagwiritsepo ntchito, mwina ndingafotokozere mwachidule kapena mwina achira chitani ndekha 🙂
Ndiye ndikadzimva ngati ndikubera ngati ndiziwerenga, nthawi zonse ndimafuna kuphunzira za chitetezo
Phunziro labwino kwambiri, zimawoneka bwino kwa ine ndipo ndikamayenda pang'onopang'ono, monga anganene, kwa dummies.
Zikomo.
hahahaha zikomo 😀
Zabwino.
Zomveka bwino.
Padzakhala koyenera kuti muiwerenge ndikuwerenganso mpaka chidziwitsocho chitatha ndikupitiliza ndi maphunziro otsatirawa.
Zikomo chifukwa cha nkhaniyi.
Zikomo 😀
Ndayesera kuti ndifotokoze momwe ndimafunira kuti andifotokozere koyamba, LOL !!
Moni 🙂
Zabwino kwambiri, ndikuyesa ndipo imagwira ntchito molondola, zomwe zikufanana ndi kuyambitsa malamulowo koyambirira koyambirira ndisiyira pomwe mudzasindikiza gawo lachiwirilo, mpaka pamenepo ndidzakhala ndi ntchito yambiri yolemba malamulo nthawi iliyonse yomwe ndiyambitsanso PC, zikomo bwenzi la tuto komanso momwe mwatsatsira mwachangu.
zikomo chifukwa cha upangiri ndi mafotokozedwe.
Mutha kuwona zomwe zikugwira ntchito ndi iptables ndi:
sudo iptables -L
Zowona 😉
Ndikuwonjezera n kwenikweni:
iptables -nLZikomo phunziroli, ndikuyembekezera gawo lachiwiri, moni.
gawo lachiwiri lituluka liti
Ndili ndi proxy wokhala ndi squid pa Machine1, ipatsa intaneti kusakatula makina ena pa lan 192.168.137.0/24, ndipo ikumvetsera pa 192.168.137.22: 3128 (ndimatsegula doko 3128 kwa aliyense amene ali ndi chowotcha moto), kuchokera ku Machine1 ngati Ndidayika firefox kuti igwiritse ntchito proxy 192.168.137.22: 3128 imagwira ntchito. Ngati kuchokera pa pc ina yokhala ndi ip 192.168.137.10 mwachitsanzo, Machine2, ndimayiyika kuti igwiritse ntchito proxy 192.168.137.22: 3128 siyigwira ntchito, kupatula ngati pa Machine1 ndidayika poyatsira moto kuti ndigawane intaneti ndi lan, pamenepo ngati wothandizirayo imagwira ntchito, kutsata kwadutsa kudzera mwa proxy, koma ngati pa Machine2 amachotsa kugwiritsa ntchito proxy ndikuloza pachipata molondola, azitha kuyenda momasuka.
Kodi izi ndi ziti?
Ndi iptables malamulo ake angakhale otani?
"Ndimayesetsa kukhala kumbali yakuda yamphamvu, chifukwa ndipamene pamakhala chisangalalo cha moyo." komanso ndi delirium wa jedi hahahahaha
Zabwino kwambiri! Ndachedwa pang'ono eti? haha nkhaniyo ili pafupi zaka 2 koma ndinali wothandiza kwambiri .. Ndikukuthokozani chifukwa chofotokoza mwachidule kuti ndimveke haha ndikupitilizabe ndi magawo ena ..
Zikomo powerenga 🙂
Inde, uthengawu siwatsopano konse koma ndiwothandiza kwambiri, sunasinthe pafupifupi chilichonse chokhudza magwiridwe antchito amoto mzaka khumi zapitazi ndikuganiza
Moni ndikuthokoza chifukwa cha ndemanga
Malongosoledwe otani ndi maluwa ndi chilichonse. Ndine wogwiritsa ntchito "novice" koma ndikulakalaka kwambiri kuphunzira Linux, posachedwa ndimakhala ndikuwerenga zolemba za nmap script kuti ndiwone yemwe amalumikizana ndi netiweki yanga kuti asakutalikitseni, mu ndemanga patsamba lomweli wogwiritsa ntchito adati kuti Tigwiritsa ntchito mzere woyamba wotchuka womwe mudayika kuchokera ku iptables ndipo zinali zokwanira, ndipo popeza ndine noobster wopambana, ndidayigwiritsa ntchito koma monga momwe mwalembera apa, sizinalowe pa intaneti 🙁
Zikomo chifukwa cha positiyi yomwe ikufotokoza kugwiritsa ntchito iptables, ndikhulupilira kuti mukulikulitsa ndikufotokozera bwino momwe imagwirira ntchito. Limbikitsani!
Zikomo chifukwa chowerenga komanso kupereka ndemanga 🙂
iptables ndizodabwitsa, imagwira ntchito yotseka kotero, bwino kwambiri kuti ... sitingathe ngakhale kutuluka tokha, ndichowonadi, pokhapokha titadziwa momwe tingakonzekere. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndayesera kufotokoza iptables momwe ndingathere, chifukwa nthawi zina si aliyense amene amatha kumvetsetsa kena kake koyamba.
Zikomo chifukwa cha ndemanga, za ^ _ ^
PS: Pakukulitsa izi, nayi gawo lachiwiri: https://blog.desdelinux.net/iptables-para-novatos-curiosos-interesados-2da-parte/
Zikomo kwambiri, ngati nditawerenga gawo lachiwiri ndikuyamba kusewera nthawi yomweyo pa kontrakitala ndi kalozera wanu wopambana. Zikomo kwambiri, ndi momwe ndikhulupilira kuti mungandithandizire popeza ndili ndi kukayikira pang'ono ndipo monga mukudziwa kuti ndine newbie woyesera kuphunzira za pulogalamu yaulere iyi, mpaka pano, ndidakhala ndi distro ina pomwe ndidasintha fayilo ya dhcp.config ndikuisiya ngati iyi:
# tumizani dzina la alendo ""; Zinandigwirira ntchito mu distro ija ndipo zonse zinali bwino, dzina langa la pc silipezeka mu seva ya dhcp ya rauta yanga, chithunzi cha pc chokha, koma mu distro yatsopanoyi ndidasintha mzere womwewo kusiya womwewo koma sizinagwire ntchito. Kodi munganditsogolere pang'ono? Chonde ...
Tsopano ichi chitha kukhala china chovuta kwambiri kapena chachikulu, pangani mutu pamsonkhano wathu (forum.fromlinux.net) ndipo tonse tikuthandizani pamenepo
Zikomo powerenga komanso kupereka ndemanga
Takonzeka, zikomo chifukwa cha yankho. Mawa m'mawa ndimapanga mutuwo ndipo ndikhulupilira kuti mutha kundithandiza, moni komanso kukumbatirana.
Nkhani yabwino kwambiri.
Kodi mukuganiza kuti ndi izi nditha kugwiritsa ntchito zotchingira moto pogwiritsa ntchito iptables mnyumba mwanga kapena ndiyenera kudziwa zina? Kodi muli ndimaphunziro aliwonse osinthira kapena ndi izi zomwe zikutsalira?
zonse
Kwenikweni izi zakhala zofunikira komanso njira, ngati mukufuna china chake chotsogola (monga malire olumikizirana, ndi zina) mutha kuwona zolemba zonse zomwe zimayankhula za iptables apa - » https://blog.desdelinux.net/tag/iptables
Komabe, ndi izi ndili ndimalo anga onse ozimitsira moto local
Iwo samawoneka oyipa konse kuyamba pomwe.
Koma zimatha kusintha china chake.
Ndikadasiya cholowetsa ndikudutsa ndikuvomereza zotuluka
-P KULIMBIKITSA -m boma -BOMA Kukhazikitsidwa, Kogwirizana -j KULANDIRA
Zingakhale zokwanira kuti newbi mu iptables akhale "otetezeka"
Kenako, tsegulani madoko omwe tikufuna.
Ndimakonda kwambiri tsambalo, ali ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri. Zikomo pogawana!
Zikomo!
Madzulo abwino kwa onse omwe adayankhapo, koma tiwone ngati mungafotokozere chifukwa chomwe ndasokera kuposa nkhandwe mu sewer, ndine waku Cuba ndipo ndikuganiza kuti timapitilizabe pamutu uliwonse wabwino: mutuwo !!!
Ndili ndi seva ya UBUNTU Server 15 ndipo zimapezeka kuti ndili ndi ntchito yomwe ili mkati yomwe imaperekedwa ndi pulogalamu ina yomwe ikukhamukira TV koma ndimayesetsa kuyiyendetsa kudzera pa MAC Adilesi kotero kuti kuwongolera kwa doko mwachitsanzo 6500 yomwe imasankha mwachisawawa Palibe amene angadutse pa dokolo pokhapokha atakhala ndi MAC Adilesi yomwe ikuwonetsedwa muma iptables. Ndidachita masanjidwe a nambala waniyi ndipo imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, bwino kuposa momwe ndimafunira koma ndakhala ndikufufuza zambiri mu todooooooooooo ndipo sindinapeze kusangalala kosaloleza kuti adilesi ya mac ingogwiritsa ntchito doko lina osati china chilichonse.
tithokozeretu!
Moni, muli bwanji, ndawerenga nkhaniyo iptables za newbies, ndi zabwino kwambiri, ndikukuthokozani, sindikudziwa zambiri za linux, chifukwa chake ndikufuna kukufunsani funso, ndili ndi vuto, ngati mungathandize ine ndikukuthokozani, ndili ndi seva yokhala ndi ma IP angapo komanso masiku angapo, pamene seva ikutumiza maimelo kudzera pa ma IP omwe ali pa seva, imasiya kutumiza maimelo, kotero kuti itumizenso maimelo ndiyenera kuyika:
/etc/init.d/iptables amasiya
Ndikaika izi, imayambanso kutumiza maimelo, koma patatha masiku ochepa imabwerezanso, mungandiuze malamulo omwe ndiyenera kukhazikitsa kuti seva isatsekere ip? Ndinali kuwerenga komanso kuchokera pazomwe mumanena tsamba, ndi mizere iwiriyi iyenera kuthetsedwa:
zida za sudo -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -m state -state Kukhazikitsidwa, RELATED -j ACCEPT
koma popeza sindikudziwa ngati ndi zomwezo, ndisanayike malamulowo ndimafuna ndione ngati ma IPs a seva sadzatsekedwa, ndikuyembekezera yankho lanu mwachangu. Anayankha Nicholas.
Moni m'mawa wabwino, ndawerenga maphunziro anu pang'ono ndipo zimawoneka ngati zabwino kwambiri ndipo chifukwa chake ndikufuna ndikufunseni funso:
Kodi ndingatumize bwanji zopempha zomwe zimalowa mu lo interface (localhost) kupita ku kompyuta ina (IP ina) yokhala ndi doko lomwelo, ndikugwiritsa ntchito china chonga ichi
iptables -t nat -A KUWERENGA -p tcp-kutumiza 3306 -j DNAT -kufika 148.204.38.105: 3306
koma sikunditsogolera, ndikuwunika doko 3306 ndi tcpdump ndipo ngati ilandila mapaketi koma osawatumiza ku IP yatsopano, koma ndikapempha kuchokera ku kompyuta ina imawatumiza. Mwachidule, zimanditsogolera zomwe zimabwera kudzera -i eth0, koma osati zomwe zimabwera kudzera -i lo.
Pasadakhale ndikuyamikira thandizo kapena zochepa zomwe mungandipatse. salu2.
Moni, muli bwanji, tsambalo ndi labwino kwambiri, lili ndi zambiri.
Ndili ndi vuto ndipo ndimafuna kuwona ngati mungandithandizire, ndili ndi PowerMta yoyikidwa mu Centos 6 ndi Cpanel, vuto ndikuti patatha masiku ochepa PowerMta yaleka kutumiza maimelo kunjaku, zili ngati ma IP atsekedwa, ndi Tsiku lililonse ndiyenera kuyika lamulo /etc/init.d/iptables kuyimitsa, ndikuti PowerMta iyamba kutumiza maimelo akunja, ndikuti vuto limathetsedwa masiku angapo, koma zimachitikanso.
Kodi mukudziwa momwe ndingathetsere vutoli? Kodi pali china chake chomwe ndingakonze pa seva kapena pa firewall kuti izi zisadzachitikenso? Popeza sindikudziwa chifukwa chake izi zikuchitika, ngati mungandithandizire ine zikomo, ndikuyembekeza yankho lanu posachedwa.
Zikomo.
Nicholas.
Ndimalongosola momveka bwino komanso momveka bwino, ndakhala ndikufufuza mabuku koma ndi ochuluka kwambiri ndipo Chingerezi changa sichabwino kwenikweni.
Kodi mukudziwa mabuku omwe mungalimbikitse m'Chisipanishi?
Nanga bwanji m'mawa wabwino, wofotokozedwa bwino, koma ndilibe khomo lolowera pa intaneti, ndikufotokozera, ndili ndi seva yokhala ndi Ubuntu, yomwe ili ndi makhadi awiri ochezera, imodzi yokhala ndi cholumikizira ichi Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr a0 : f3: c1: 10: 05: 93 inet addr: 192.168.3.64 Bcast: 192.168.3.255 Mask: 255.255.255.0 ndipo wachiwiri ndi cholumikizira china ichi: Ethernet HWaddr a0: f3: c1: 03: 73: 7b inet addr : 192.168.1.64 Bcast: 192.168.1.255 Mask: 255.255.255.0, pomwe chachiwiri ndi chomwe chipata changa chili nacho, chomwe ndi 192.168.1.64, koma khadi yoyamba ndiyomwe imayang'anira makamera anga ndipo ndikufuna kuwawona kuchokera intaneti kuchokera pa ip yanga yokhazikika ,,, Nditha kuwawona kuchokera ku lan koma osati pa intaneti, mungandithandizeko? , kapena ngati rauta yanga ndiyomwe idakonzedwa molakwika, ndi tp-link archer c2 ,,, zikomo
Moni, ndangochita izi pa seva yanga ndipo mukudziwa, ndingapezenso bwanji?
iptables -P INPUT DROP
Ndikukusiyirani imelo yanga ing.lcr.21@gmail.com
Ndakhala ndikufunafuna zolemba zapamwamba kapena zolemba pamabulogu pazomwe zili. Googling pamapeto pake ndidapeza tsamba ili. Powerenga nkhaniyi, ndikukhulupirira kuti ndapeza zomwe ndimafuna kapena ndikumva zachilendo, ndapeza zomwe ndimafunikira. Zachidziwikire ndikupangitsani kuti musayiwale tsambali ndikuchipangira izi, ndikufuna kupita kukuchezerani pafupipafupi.
zonse
Ndikukuthokozani kwambiri! Ndidawerenga masamba ambiri a iptables koma palibe omwe amangofotokozedwa ngati anu; kufotokoza bwino !!
Zikomo chifukwa chopangitsa moyo wanga kukhala wosavuta ndi mafotokozedwe awa!
Kwa kanthawi ndimamva Arab xD
Aphunzitsi anga amagwiritsa ntchito izi pophunzitsa, zikomo ndi moni. gulu