Ivo vanopa nzira yekudzima makiyi eRSA-2048
Boka re vatsvakurudzi vanobva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzesainzi nemayunivhesiti chinese Ndakakumbiran nzira itsva yekugadzirisar iyo RSA kiyi paramende factorization maitiro mu quantum makomputa.
Sekureva kwevaongorori. nzira yavakagadzira inobvumira kushandiswa kwekombuta yequantum ine 372 qubits kudzima makiyi eRSA-2048. Kana tichienzanisa, iyo IBM Osprey, iyo yakanyanya simba quantum processor yakavakirwa parizvino, ine mazana mana nemakumi matatu nematatu, uye ne433 IBM inoronga kuvaka Kookaburra system ine zviuru zvina qubits.
Zvakakodzera kutaura izvozvo iyo nzira ichiri yedzidziso chete, haina kuedzwa mukuita uye inounza kusava nechokwadi pakati pevamwe vanonyora zvinyorwa.
RSA encryption yakavakirwa paexponentiation operation modulo nhamba huru. Kiyi yeruzhinji ine modulus uye degree. Iyo module inoumbwa zvichibva pane mbiri dzisina kurongeka nhamba dzinozivikanwa chete nemuridzi wekiyi yakavanzika. Quantum makomputa anoita kuti zvikwanise kugadzirisa zvinobudirira dambudziko rekuparadza nhamba kuita zvinhu zvakakosha, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa kugadzira kiyi yakavanzika kubva kune yeruzhinji.
Kusvika ikozvino zvaitendwa kuti, zvichibva pakukura kwazvino ye quantum makomputa, RSA makiyi ane saizi ye2048 bits haigone kutsemuka kwenguva yakareba, sezvo uchishandisa classical Shor algorithm, quantum komputa ine mamirioni equbits inoda nguva yakawanda yekuisa 2048-bit RSA kiyi.
Iyo nzira yakatsanangurwa nevatsvagiri veChinese inopokana pane iyi fungidziro. uye, kana yakasimbiswa, inoita kuti zvikwanise kutsemura RSA-2048 makiyi kwete muhurongwa hwenguva yemberi iri kure, asi mumakomputa agara aripo equantum.
Iyo nzira yakavakirwa paSchnorr nekukurumidza factorization algorithm. yakakurudzirwa muna 2021, iyo inoita kuti kuderedzwa kwakanyanya kwenhamba yekushanda pakusarudza pamakomputa akajairwa. Nekudaro, mukuita, iyo algorithm yakazove isingaite yekupaza makiyi chaiwo, sezvo yaingoshanda kuRSA makiyi ane madiki modulo values (inhamba iyo inofanirwa kuderedzwa kuita nhamba huru). Iyo algorithm yakawanikwa isina kukwana kuverengera nhamba huru. Vatsvagiri veChinese vanoti nerubatsiro rwehuwandu nzira vakakwanisa kutenderedza kudzikiswa kweSchnorr's algorithm.
Kusava nechokwadi kubva kune vamwe vanyori imhaka yekuti kuti chinyorwa chevaongorori veChinese chinoratidza kushandisa nzira yako chete kune nhamba diki, ingangoita kurongeka kwakafanana uko Schnorr's algorithm inoshandira. Kunyangwe paine zvikumbiro zvekuti chiyero chehukuru chapfuudzwa, hapana humbowo kana ruzivo rwakapihwa. Mukuita, iyo nzira inoratidzwa kuita 48-bit integers uchishandisa 10-qubit quantum komputa.
Shor's algorithm yakapokana zvakanyanya kuchengetedzwa kweruzivo rwakavakirwa paruzhinji kiyi cryptosystems. Nekudaro, kutyora iyo yakashandiswa zvakanyanya RSA-2048 chirongwa chinoda mamirioni emuviri qubits, iyo inopfuura yazvino tekinoroji kugona. Pano, isu tinoshuma yepasirese quantum algorithm ye integer factorization nekubatanidza classical lattice kuderedzwa ne quantum fuzzy optimization algorithm (QAOA).
Huwandu hwemaqubits anodiwa ndeye O(logN/loglogN), iri sublinear muinteger bit urefu N, zvichiita kuti ive yakanyanya qubit-saving factorization algorithm kusvika parizvino. Isu tinoratidza algorithm tichiyedza nekugadzira nhamba dzinosvika makumi mana nemasere mabhiti ane gumi epamusoro-soro qubits, iyo yakakura nhamba inoiswa muhuwandu hwechigadzirwa. Isu tinofungidzira kuti quantum circuit ine 48 physical qubits uye hudzamu hwezviuru hunodiwa kupikisa RSA-10 tichishandisa algorithm yedu. Chidzidzo chedu chinoratidza vimbiso huru yekumhanyisa mashandisirwo emazuva ano ane ruzha quantum makomputa uye inovhura nzira yekugadzira mahombe mahombe echokwadi checryptographic kukosha.
Zvinotaurwa kuti fungidziro yekuti 372 yemuviri qubits ichave yakakwana kuti iite kiyi yeRSA-2048 ndeye theoretical, saka zvinogoneka kuti iyo quantum nzira yakavakirwa paSchnorr's algorithm ine matambudziko akafanana ekuyera uye haashande kana factoring nhamba. .
Kana dambudziko rekuyera rakanyatsogadziriswa, saka kuchengetedzwa kwekrisptoalgorithms zvichienderana nekuoma kwekugadzirisa nhamba huru dzepamusoro kuchaderedzwa kwete munguva refu, sezvakatarisirwa, asi nhasi.
Chekupedzisira, kana iwe uchifarira kugona kuziva zvakawanda nezvazvo, unogona kutarisa ruzivo mu chinotevera chinongedzo.