Ungachinja sei faira system kubva "/" uye usafe uchiedza

Nezuro ndakawana nzira yakaoma imwe ye "Zvimiro" faira system btrfs. Izvo ndezve izvo zvikonzero zvandisingazive nezvekushanda kwayo, btrfs inowanzo zadza diski kupfuura izvo zvinoraira senge dd kana iyo diski yekuzadza gaji evanowanzo maneja mafaera.

Maitiro ekuziva kuti yakawanda sei nzvimbo yako fairaystem iri kutora ne btrfs

Chero ani ane faira system ne btrfs Iwe unozogona kuziva kuti yakawanda sei nzvimbo dhata rako rairi kutora nekutaipa mukoni (semudzi wandinotenda):

btrfs faira system inoratidza /

(Tsiva / neimwe gomo poindi kana iwe uchida kuziva nzvimbo inogarwa mune imwe btrfs chikamu)

Muchikamu chakakura iyi yekuwedzera yekuzadza harisi dambudziko hombe, nekuti inzvimbo diki kwazvo kana ichienzaniswa neiyo yakazara. Asi mune yangu kesi, kupi / ine 22GB (inobata ssd cache), yangu hard drive yakazadzwa ne8 GB yemahara, ichityora rpm dhatabhesi uye nekudaro ichiremadza maneja wepakeji. Saka ini ndakamanikidzwa kufomati neimwe faira system.

Asi ini ndanga ndisingade kuisazve. Zviripachena, iyo data kubva / kumba inogona kuchengetedzwa zviri nyore, asi imwe ine akawanda mapurogiramu akaiswa mukati / uye akawanda marongero anogarawo imomo, saka ndakafunga kungo chengeta iyo yekuisa asi shandura iyo faira system.

Chikonzero ini ndiri kunyora izvi ndechekuti ini handina kuwana chero zvinyorwa zvekuti ndoita sei mune idzi kesi. Ini ndinofungidzira vanhu vazhinji vanogadzirirazve kudzorera.

Ini ndaifanira kupedza maawa angangoita manomwe ndichitsvaga nekutsvaga ruzivo mumabhuku echirungu ayo aitoita nezve nezvimwe zvinhu uye intuitively kuisa zvidimbu pamwechete kuyedza uye kukanganisa nguva dzese, kudzorerazve kakawanda kuti uone kuti chinhu chimwe nechimwe chandakaedza chakundikana imwe mushure meimwe. Kana maitiro acho muchokwadi angadai asina kuve akawanda ekuve aine bhuku rakatsaurirwa kwariri.

Kufunga kwekuchengeta mundangariro kuchinja iyo faira system ye "/"

Kutanga: Ndakaita maitiro aya pa Fedora. Ini ndinofungidzira zvakafanana kune zvese zvinogoverwa izvo zvinonyanya kugovana kuva nazvo sebhootloader GRUB2.

Chechipiri: Maitiro aya difícil kune mushandisi wakajairika (avo vanoverenga izvi uye vachifunga kuti izvi ndezvekuziva kuti hamusi vashandisi vakajairika) Vanhu vanowanzove nezvinhu zviri nani zvekuita pane kuchinja iyo faira sisitimu yemidziyo. Kana iwe usinga zive kutevedzera bhuku rino, unoisa njodzi yekurasikirwa nekumisikidzwa, uye kana ukakwanisa kuzviita, uchaona kuti shanduko mukuita haina kushamisa (Zvakanaka, kune vamwe ndizvo, asi hausi vashandisiwo zvavo) Ini ndakanyatsozviita kunze kwekudikanwa , kunyangwe ndichifanira kubvuma kuti ndiri mumwe wevaya vanoita kuti komputa yako itange yechipiri nekukurumidza.

Yechitatu: Sezvo maitiro aya asiri evashandisiwo zvavo, ini ndichafungidzira kuti muverengi ane ruzivo rweGNU / Linux uye kuti haazove nungo yekutsvaga rumwe ruzivo.

Maitiro ekuchinja iyo faira system ye "/"

Kunyangwe iwe uchida kushandura iyo faira system kunze kwekukosha kana kunze kwekunetseka, iyi ndiyo nzira:

1.- Zviripachena kuti kuti yedu nyowani faira system ishande isu tinofanirwa kuve nematurusi ekuti tibatsire kuzvibata, saka ichi ndicho chinhu chekutanga chatichaita. Iyo faira system yandakasarudza nenzira, yaive xfs, saka ndaifanira kuisa "Xfsprogs" y "Xfsdump". Iwe uchaisa chero chaunoda zvichienderana nefaira system yaunoda kushandisa.

2.- Bhuti kubva kune livecd / usb uye teedzera zvese zvirimo zvemidzi yekuparadzanisa kune imwe chikamu kana diski. Maitiro aunosarudza haana basa, asi chinhu chake kuzviita nerombo rombo, kuitira kuti usatsvage mafaera kana madhairekitori ane mvumo dzakakosha.

3.- Nhanho iyo "/" yakarongedzwa zvakanaka neiyo faira system yatinoda. Kune nzira dzakawanda, sarudza iyo yaunoda zvakanyanya.

4.- Iko kopi yatakaita yemidzi yekuparadzanisa yakadzoreredzwa kune ichangobva kuumbwa chikamu.

5.- Inguva iyo mushandisi anofanira kutanga kuita chikamu chake. Kugadzira kugovera kunoshandura chinongedzo chinoshandiswa nehurongwa hwekushandisa kuziva kuti ndechipi chikamu chekukwirisa. Uyu ndiye \ It \ iye UUID, uye isu tinofanirwa kuziva iyo kodhi.

Kune nzira dzakawanda, asi semuenzaniso, mu "Gparted", tichazviziva nekudzvanya kurudyi pachikamu chitsva "/" nekudzvanya pa "Ruzivo". Tinoteedzera iyo kodhi uye ndiyo nguva yatichazogadzirisa iyo / etc / fstab faira:

UUID = 36f3ce91-5138-4293-8571-b5b43f6b4646 / xfs zvisizvo, nguva yorufu, rasa, kukudzwa

Uyu muenzaniso unoratidza mutsara unoenderana neyangu nyowani midzi yekuparadzanisa. Iyo kodhi inoratidzika kurudyi kwe UUID = ndizvo zvatichatsiva neyedu UUID.

Kana tangozviita, zvirokwazvo tinofanirwa kuratidza iyo nyowani faira system yekuparadzanisa kwedu, xfs mune yangu kesi kana kutsiva neyako mune imwe faira system. Iwe zvakare unofanirwa kuisa nyowani dzekumisikidza sarudzo: Kana iwe usingazive zvekuisa, isa "Zvakashata"; nguva yemasikati inowedzera kuita nekuderera kunonyora, kurasa inoderera inonyora pane ssd disks, ichiwedzera hurefu hwavo.

6.- Apa ndipo panotangira kubhowa uye ndipo pandakabatirira. Hazvisi izvo zvakanyanya kuomarara, asi panenge pasina kana zvinyorwa kubva panguva ino zvichienda mberi.

Isu tinofanirwa kuvaka zvakare iyo Grub menyu kuti itange mushe sisitimu yekushandisa. Ndingadai ndisingazive kuzviita neruoko, unogona kuyedza sezvandakaita (zvakachinja maUUID nezvimwe zvakadaro) asi chinhu chinowanzoitika ndechekuti kutanga kweOS kunomira mune inonakidza uye ine tariro "emergency shell"

Neraki, grub2 ndeyake chishandiso "Grub2-mkconfig" iro rinoitisa rinoita basa iri kutora sereferenzi hunhu hweesisitimu iko irikumhanya. Dambudziko nderekuti, tarisa kupi, iyo sisitimu iyo kwairi kumhanya haisi iyo yekuvavarira system, uye yekupedzisira iri kwechinguva kunze kwebasa.

Naizvozvo isu tinofanirwa kuita chroot uye gadzira akateedzana ezvikamu zvakakosha zvekushandisa chishandiso ichi, pasina icho chisingashande. Maitiro ekuita izvi akatsanangurwa zvisina tsarukano munzvimbo dzese (izvo hazvireve kuti havazive kuzviita, asi kuti vanofunga kuti tiri supercracks dzekomputa)

Neraki pano: http://askubuntu.com/questions/28099/ho … ll-kernels Ndakawana tsananguro inonakidza pamusoro penyaya iyi, iyo yandinoenderera nekupfupisa uye kududzira.

1. Gomo / uye / dev:

mount / dev / sda1 / mnt mount - bhan / dev / mnt / dev

Iko "sda1" inotsiviwa neiyo inoenderana neyekuparadzanisa midzi, kana isiri "sda1"

1. Gomo / bhuti uye / bhutsu / efi, iyo yekupedzisira dai taive nechikamu cheEFI.

kukwira / dev / sda2 / mnt / boot

Iko "sda2" inotsiviwa neiyo inoenderana nechikamu chebhutsu, kana isiri "sda2"

Iyo efi gungano haina kuuya mune iyi link iripamusoro, ndicho chinhu changu asi mune ino kesi ini ndaichida. Kana iwe usina EFI kupatsanura, rega izvi.

kukwira / dev / sda3 / mnt / boot / efi

Iko "sda3" inotsiviwa neiyo inoenderana nechikamu chebhutsu, kana isiri "sda3"

1. Chroot nezvimwe zvinhu, izvo chete chinhu chandinoziva nezve izvo zvinhu ndechekuti iwo anodikanwa:

chroot / mnt mount -t proc none / proc mount -t sysfs none / sys mount -t devpts none / dev / pts export HOME = / mudzi kutengesa LC_ALL = C

Uku ndiko kuwedzera kwangu, kungangodiwa chinhu chimwe gare gare:

kukwira -t tmpfs tmpfs / run

7.- grub2-mkconfig

Zvakanaka, ingangoita iyo nyeredzi nguva. Isu tinofanirwa kutsvaga faira rakanzi "grub.cfg" mukati mechikamu chebhutsu. Muchiitiko changu nzira yacho iri / boot / defi / EFI / fedora / grub.cfg

Kana tazviwana, tinomhanya munzvimbo ye chroot:

grub2-mkconfig -o /path/a/grub.cfg

Uye isu pakupedzisira tine iyo grub menyu yakagadzirira.

8.- Dzorerazve iyo initramfs.

Iyi nhanho yandinofunga inofanirwa, asi ini handina chokwadi chakasimba. Nekudaro, zvakaringana kudzoreredza iyo kernel yatinoda kana kuitisa:

dracut --force / path / to / file / initramfs / that / we / want / to replace

semuenzaniso:

dracut --force /boot/initramfs-3.15.9-200.fc20.x86_64.img

Ehe, izvi zvese mukati memamiriro echroot. (uye kana zvisiri, dzokera kubhokisi rekubuda, er ... kune «emergency ganda»)

PS: Ini ndakakanganwa zvekuita kuwana iyo Internet mune chroot nharaunda, kana iwe uchida kudzoreredza iyo kernel. Icho chinongedzo chiri pamusoro chinotsanangura chaizvo chaizvo: Iwe unofanirwa kuvhura nyowani terminal uye kuteedzera aya mafaera:

cp / mnt / etc / hosts /mnt/etc/hosts.old cp / etc / hosts / mnt / etc / hosts cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/etc/resolv.conf

9.- Wana mukana weinternet:

Iwe unongofanirwa kuteedzera anotevera mafaera, graphic kana kuburikidza koni, mune yekupedzisira kesi kunze kwenzvimbo yechroot. Izvo zvinogona kuitwa kubva kune imwe terminal kana nekubuda munzvimbo ine chroot, uyezve kupinda-zvakare.

cp / mnt / etc / hosts /mnt/etc/hosts.old cp / etc / hosts / mnt / etc / hosts cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/etc/resolv.conf

10.- Dzorerazve kernel:

Isu tinodzoreredza iyo kernel mukati meiyo chroot nharaunda pamwe neyedu package package

11.- DZOSHIRA AAR :: DD

Iyi poindi inofanirwa kuve kupera kwe "zvakajairika" kugoverwa, kwekuparadzirwa neSELinux, sezvazvakaita nyaya yangu, chinhu chakatora chinguva chidiki.

Kunyangwe chokwadi chekuti kutanga kwasvika kumagumo uye ini ndakaedza kutanga graphical system, haina kudaro, uye pandakaedza kupinda semushandisi kana semudzi zvaizoti "mvumo yaramba".

Ndakaverenga chimwe chinhu nezvazvo uye zvinoenderana nemunhu mumwe dambudziko raigona kunge riri selinux, uye akataura kuti kuisa selinux = 0 kumagumo kwetambo rebhoti mugrub.cfg, seizvi:

menyuentry 'Fedora, ine Linux 3.15.9-200.fc20.x86_64' --class fedora --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $ menyuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.15.9-200..fc20 .x86_64-advanced-36f3ce91-5138-4293-8571-b5b43f6b4646 '{load_video set gfxpayload = keep insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root =' hd1, gpt2 'if [x $ feature_platform_search_hint = xy]; wobva watsvaga --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set = mudzi --hint-bios = hd1, gpt2 --hint-efi = hd1, gpt2 --hint-baremetal = ahci1, gpt2 1cd04509-ab7c-4074- 8bab-e170c29fe08e kumwe kutsvaga --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set = mudzi 1cd04509-ab7c-4074-8bab-e170c29fe08e fi linuxefi /vmlinuz-3.15.9-200.fc20.x86_64 mudzi = UUID = 36f3ce91-5138 -4293-8571-b5b43f6b4646 ro rd.md = 0 rd.lvm = 0 rd.dm = 0 vconsole.keymap = en rd.luks = 0 vconsole.font = latarcyrheb-sun16 rhgb runyararo selinux = 0 initrdefi /initramfs-3.15.9. 200-20.fc86.x64_XNUMX.img

Tarisa mutsara wepenultimate kurudyi.

Ini handina kuzviita zvakananga, dai zvisiri ini ndakangogadzirisa yekupinda bhutsu mune iyo grub menyu pachayo, zvekuti yaive yekushandurwa kwechinguva, ndinofunga zvakaitwa nekutsikirira «c» kana «e», mune iyo grub menyu unogona kuzviita. nzvimbo.

Zvakanaka, tinoita izvozvo uye tinotangazve, kana kuenderera nebhutu.

12.- Chiedza panoperera tanera.

Kana isu tisingakwanise kunanga nhanho yapfuura, iri mune ino yekupedzisira nhanho patinokwanisa kuwana yedu yenguva dzose desktop. Tositi kune yedu huru feat, asi hongu SELinux Zvakamomarara, hatisati tapedza

Isu tinofanirwa kumisazve grub.cfg kubvisa iyo "selinux = 0" kana kungo reboot zvakajairika kana zvatakaita zvave zvekugadzirisa kupinda mukati meiyo grub menyu. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti isu tinotangazve neSELinux yakaitwa.

Zvino pakupera kwekutanga chinhu chinobuda chinofanira kudzosera mutemo we SELinux yakanangwa, tinoisiya yega uye kana yapera ichatangazve.

Tichaona kuti yedu system ichatanga, kuratidza yedu yakajairika desktop, ine SELinux yakaitwa, yedu faira system yakachinja uye ese edu zvizere anoshanda mapurogiramu.

Uku ndiko kupera kwebhuku, ndinovimba rinokubatsira

ACTUALIZACIÓN: Pandakaita izvi kekutanga ndakanga ndisingazive uye ndakaita nhanho yekumutsiridza iyo initramfs uye ndikazodzorera kernel uye yaive yakashatisa uye pakupedzisira yakashanda zvisirizvo ndisingazive chikonzero, uye ndakapa sarudzo mbiri zvakaenzana seakanaka, zvisinei zvadzokazve iyo initramfs haishande uye ndakayambuka. Chinhu chete chinoshanda kudzorera kernel (ini ndinofungidzira kuti iyo kernel uye kernel-core mapakeji muFedora) uye nekudaro ndashandura bhuku racho.

Uye ini ndinodawo kuwedzera izvo kuti ndishandure fomati yeiyo faira system ye / imba chikamu idzo nhanho dzakakosha, handizive kana selinux inodikanwa, asi kana ikasashanda neselux yakabviswa kwechinguva uye ndizvo.

Mufananidzo unoratidzwa wakatorwa kubva pano.