6 Debian Desktops - Computer Networking yeSMEs

General index yeakateedzana: Computer Networks yeSMEs: Sumo

Munyaya iyi isu tinokurudzira imwe yenzira dzekupinda muchadenga Debian: kuisa nekugadzirisa iyo Desktop.

Inotarisirwa pamusoro pezvose pa Initiates o Unew suarios, Kumirira tsananguro yakadzama yekuti ungawana sei Debian ine rakapfava uye rakareruka desktop, kutanga kubva kwekutanga kuisirwa CD-ROM + iyo repositori.

Pakupera kuverenga chinyorwa ichi, tichava nezano rakajeka rekuti tingaisa sei akasiyana Nzvimbo dzeDesktop muDebian senge:

• KDE
• GNOME
• Cinnamon
• MATE
• XFCE
• LXDE

Isu tinoziva tiri pakati peiyo Debian 8 "Jessie" nguva. Nekudaro, ini ndinotaura kuti imwe nguva yapfuura, isu takaburitsa mu DesdeLinux, uye vanhu, akateedzana ezvinyorwa zvakapihwa kudesktop izvo, kunyangwe zvaive zvakanyorwa mumazuva aDebian 6 "Squeeze" uye kutanga Wheezy, zvichiri kushanda nhasi munzira yekusvika maitiro ekugadzira desktop neDebian. Izvi zvinyorwa zvaive:

• Kuti muti hautitadzise kuona sango
• Kuti muti hautitadzise kuona sango II
• Kuti muti hautitadzise kuona sango III
• Kuisa Debian neiyo Xfce desktop
• Dzvanya neXfce padyo
• Iyo inokurumidza uye inoyevedza KDE

Mune ese ezvinyorwa zvakatsaurirwa kune Desktop kana Desktop musoro wenyaya nezve Debian, zvataida - uye tichiri kuda - kujekesa ndezvekuti, kubva ku kutanga kuisa CD-ROM + iyo zvinyorwa, ingave yemuno kana yakaburitswa mune yedu Enterprise LAN kana paInternet, tinogona tora tafura asi yakajeka, yakatsiga, kana zvese zviri zviviri panguva imwechete zvinoenderana nekudzidza kwedu, ruzivo uye nehunyanzvi.

Isu hatina kudiwa kwekudhawunirodha maCD akati wandei kana maDVD zvinoenderana nekuparadzirwa kuri mubvunzo, kuwana desktop neDebian. Yekutanga chete uye yekuwana kune izvo zvinyorwa.

Isu tiri vekufunga kuti Debian, Iyo Yese Inoshanda Sisitimu, Ndicho chimwe cheyakareruka mugove senge Server - Kubasa iyo yatinogona kuwana mune zvakasikwa Linux.

Nzvimbo dzeDesktop muDebian

Takati mukati chinyorwa chakapfuura inotevera:

• Kana mu "Sarudzo yemapurogiramu" nhanho isu tinosiya sarudzo [X] Debian desktop nharaunda yakatariswa, chirongwa ichi chichaisa iyo GNOME 3.14 kana yepamusoro graphical nharaunda, zvinoenderana nezvakachengetedzwa zvatinazvo..

Kunyanya, isu tinotaurira iyo yekumisikidza maitiro kubva ku1st CD-ROM kana zvasvika padanho re "Kusarudza zvirongwa".

Kana kumwe kugoverwa kweLinux kuchitipa imwe DVD kuti tiise masystem avo nemamiriro edesktop, zvinonzwisisika kufunga kuti kumisikidzwa kweGNOME 3, kubva paCD imwe chete, HAZVIZadzike, kure nazvo..

Ndosaka tichida kuita iyo kuchenesa kumisikidza kweDebian, uye wozoisa iyo Desk yesarudzo yedu kubva kunzvimbo dzekuchengetedza.

Minimal kutanga uye zvakajairika marongero

Nechinangwa chakanangana chekufambisa kuteedzerwa kwenzira yakatsanangurwa, isu tinosanganisira pano izvo Zvishoma Zvekutanga Kurongwa kwekutevera, PASI kuisa chero Desktop pane Debian.

Pakutanga Paramende

Zita rezita: desdelinux.fan
Zita rechikwata: sysadmin
FQDN: sysadmin.desdelinux.fan
IP kero: 192.168.10.3
SubNet: 192.168.10.0/24
Akajairika mushandisi: Buzz
Mushandisi izita rakazara: Debian Kutanga OS Buzz

Kubva kuseva console uye semushandisi mudzi, isu tinoshambadza akakosha marekodhi, ayo kwatiri ari emunharaunda:

midzi @ sysadmin: ~ # nano /etc/apt/source.list
deb faira: / tera / repos / jessie / debian / jessie main don a isiri yemahara dhiraira faira: / tera / repos / jessie / debian-chengetedzo / jessie / inogadziridza main don isiri yemahara deb faira: / tera / repos / jessie / debian-multimedia / jessie main asiri mahara

Isu takavakazve iyo package yekuchengetera uye takavandudza iyo system:

midzi @ sysadmin: ~ # aptitude yekuvandudza
midzi @ sysadmin: ~ # aptitude kusimudzira

Kana akawanda mapakeji akagadziridzwa, kunyanya kernel kana kernel, zvinokurudzirwa kutangazve:

midzi @ sysadmin: ~ # reboot

Isu tinoisa zvimwe zvinoshandiswa

midzi @ sysadmin: ~ # kugona kuisa chigunwe ssh ccze htop mc deborphan

ari Initiates Tinofanira kuziva zvavanoita uye ndeapi maitiro makuru epakeji akaisirwa:

midzi @ sysadmin: ~ # murume munwe
midzi @ sysadmin: ~ # chigunwe buzz
Kupinda: buzz Zita: Debian Yekutanga OS Buzz Directory: / kumba / buzz Shell: / bin / bash Kubva kubva Wed Mbudzi 16 07:08 (EST) pane pts / 0 kubva 192.168.10.1 3 masekondi asina basa No mail. Kwete Chirongwa.

midzi @ sysadmin: ~ # htop
midzi @ sysadmin: ~ # muswe -f -n 25 / var / log / syslog | ccze
midzi @ sysadmin: ~ # mc
midzi @ sysadmin: ~ # murume nherera
midzi @ sysadmin: ~ # nherera

Isu tinogadzirisa mamwe mafaira ekumisikidza

midzi @ sysadmin: ~ # nano / etc / network / interfaces
# Iri faira rinotsanangura network interfaces inowanikwa pane yako system # uye maitiro ekuimisa. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, ona interfaces(5). kunobva /etc/network/interfaces.d/* # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface inobvumira-hotplug eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.10.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.10.0. 192.168.10.255 gedhi 192.168.10.1 # dns-* sarudzo dzinoitwa neresolvconf package, kana yakaiswa dns-nameservers 127.0.0.1 dns-search desdelinux.fan
# End faira / etc / network / interfaces

root@sysadmin:~# nano /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost 192.168.10.3 sysadmin.desdelinux.fan sysadmin
# Iyi inotevera mitsara inodikanwa kune IPv6 inokwanisa mauto :: 1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback ff02 :: 1 ip6-allnodes ff02 :: 2 ip6-allrouters
# End / etc / inomisikidza faira

midzi @ sysadmin: ~ # nano / etc / hostname
sysadmin

midzi @ sysadmin: ~ # nano / etc / mailname
sysadmin.desdelinux.fan

midzi @ sysadmin: ~ # nano /etc/resolv.conf
kutsvaka desdelinux.fan nameserver 127.0.0.1

midzi @ sysadmin: ~ # reboot
    
Debian GNU / Linux 8 sysadmin tty1
sysadmin login: mudzi password:
    Kuguma kupinda: Wed Nov 16 07:08:54 2016 kubva 192.168.10.1 Linux sysadmin 3.16.0-4-amd64 # 1 SMP Debian 3.16.7-ckt11-1 + deb8u2 (2015-07-17) x86_64 
    Iwo mapurogiramu akasanganisirwa neiyo Debian GNU / Linux system ndeye mahara software; mazwi chaiwo ekuparadzira chirongwa chega chega anotsanangurwa mune ega mafaera mu / usr / share / doc / * / copyright. Debian GNU / Linux inouya neABSOLUTELY NO garandi, kusvika padanho rinotenderwa nemutemo unoshanda.

mudzi @sysadmin: ~ # hostname
sysadmin

midzi @ sysadmin: ~ # hostname -fqdn
sysadmin.desdelinux.fan

midzi @ sysadmin: ~ # ifconfig
eth0 Batanidza encap: Ethernet HWaddr 70: 54: d2: 19: ad: 65 inet addr: 192.168.10.3 Bcast: 192.168.10.255 Mask: 255.255.255.0 ....

Isu tinosuka kutsamira kusingakoshi uye nherera mapakeji -kana ivo varipo- kazhinji

midzi @ sysadmin: ~ # aptitude yekuisa -f
midzi @ sysadmin: ~ # aptitude purge ~ c
midzi @ sysadmin: ~ # nherera
midzi @ sysadmin: ~ # aptitude yakachena
midzi @ sysadmin: ~ # aptitude autoclean

Inesarudzo: Isu tinoshandura iyo MTA «Exim4» yeiyo «Postfix»

midzi @ sysadmin: ~ # aptitude gadza postfix





 

Isu tinoongorora Postfix

midzi @ sysadmin: ~ # telnet yemunharaundahost 25
Kuedza ::1... Yakabatanidzwa kune localhost. Escape character is '^]'. 220 sysadmin.desdelinux.fan ESMTP Postfix (Debian/GNU) ehlo sysadmin.desdelinux.fan 250-sysadmin.desdelinux.fan
250-PIPELINING
250-SIZE 10240000
250-VRFY
250-ETRN
250-STARTTLS
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
250-8BITMIME
250 DSN
quit
221 2.0.0 Bye
Kubatana kwakavharwa neyekunze inomiririra.

Isu tinopa akajairwa mushandisi "buzz" manejimendi ekutungamira

dzvinyu @ gandalf: ~ $ ssh buzz@192.168.10.3
buzz@192.168.10.3 password: Zvirongwa zvinosanganisirwa neDebian GNU / Linux system ndeye mahara software; mazwi chaiwo ekuparadzira chirongwa chega chega anotsanangurwa mune ega mafaera mu / usr / share / doc / * / copyright. Debian GNU / Linux inouya neABSOLUTELY NO garandi, kusvika padanho rinotenderwa nemutemo unoshanda. Kuguma kupinda: Wed Nov 16 07:49:25 2016 kubva 192.168.10.1

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ password yako: 

midzi @ sysadmin: / imba / buzz # yekuwedzera buzz sudo
Kuwedzera mushandisi `buzz 'kuboka` sudo' ... Kuwedzera mushandisi buzz kuboka sudo Kuitwa.

midzi @ sysadmin: / imba / buzz # aptitude yekuisa sudo midzi @ sysadmin: / imba / buzz # visudo
.... # Mushandisi rombo rinotsanangurwa mudzi ZVESE = (ZVESE: ZVESE) ZVESE buzz ZVESE = (ZVESE: ZVESE) ZVESE ....

midzi @ sysadmin: / imba / buzz # kubuda

Isu tinotarisa iko kushanda kweiyo Sudo:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ ls -la / mudzi /
ls: haigone kuvhura / mudzi / dhairekitori: Chibvumirano chakarambwa

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo ls -la / mudzi /
[sudo] password ye buzz: yakazara 44 drwx ------ 6 midzi midzi 4096 Nov 16 07:40. drwxr-xr-x 22 mudzi mudzi 4096 Nov 12 11: 17 .. drwx ------ 2 mudzi mudzi 4096 Nov 16 09:09 .aptitude -rw ------- 1 mudzi mudzi 2038 Nov 16 08 : 00 .bash_history -rw-r - r-- 1 mudzi midzi 570 Jan 31 2010 .bashrc .....

Zvemakomputa ane huwandu hwakanaka hwe RAM (4 magig kana kupfuura)

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf
# Wedzera kumagumo vm. Kufara = 10

Isu tinoshandisa shanduko nekukasira.

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo sysctl -p
vm. kufara = 10

Tinokurudzira nyatso verenga ndima yekupedzisira yefaira /etc/sysctl.conf, Iyo iine akateedzana emazano ekuvandudza kuchengetedzeka kwenzvimbo yekubatira network.

############################################### # # # # # # Magadziriro ekuwedzera - izvi zvigadziriso zvinogona kuvandudza netiweki # chengetedzo yeMubati uye kudzivirira kubva kumwe kurwiswa kwenetiweki # kusanganisira kurwisa kwekuparadza uye murume ari pakati pekurwiswa kuburikidza ne # redirection. Dzimwe nharaunda netiweki, zvisinei, zvinoda kuti izvi # zvigadzikiso zviremare saka ongorora uye wovagonesa pazvinenge zvichidikanwa. # # Usagamuchira ICMP redirects (kudzivirira MITM kurwisa) # net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0 # net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0 # _or_ # Gamuchira ICMP inodzosera chete kune magedhi akanyorwa mune yedu yakasarudzika # gateway runyorwa (inogoneswa nekutadza) # net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 1 # # Usatume ICMP redirects (isu hatisi router) # net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0 # # Usabvume IP sosi nzira mapaketi (isu hatisi router) # net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_tsime_route = 0 # net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_tsime_route = 0 # # Log Martian Packets # net.ipv4.conf.all.log_varwi = 1 # 

Parizvino tine yakaita mashoma ekutanga marongero kuti ukwanise kusarudza nekuisa chero enzvimbo yedesktop iyo yedu yekare Debian inotipa. 😉

KDE, iyo inomhanya uye inoyevedza

Iyo repository yatinayo, Debian 8.1, ine iyo KDE Desktop vhezheni 4.14.2-5, zvinoenderana neshanduro yemaraibhurari ayo makuru. Kuti tiise iyo tinomhanya pane koni:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ aptitude tsvaga kde-desktop | grep basa
........ p basa-kde-desktop - KDE p basa-spanish-kde-desktop - Spanish KDE desktop ........

Mukupfuura, ngatitarisei kuwanda kwemitauro yatinogona kushandisa ne KDE. Kuti uzive mutsauko uripakati pemapakeji maviri akasarudzwa kubva pane runyorwa rurefu, isu tinoita:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ aptitude inoratidza basa-kde-desktop
Pasuru: task-kde-desktop Nyowani: hongu Mamiriro: isina kuiswa Shanduro: 3.31 + deb8u1 Kukosha: sarudzo Chikamu: mabasa Anogadzira: Debian Isa System Timu Architecture: ese Asina kumanikidzwa saizi: 21.5 k Zvinoenderana ne: tasksel (= 3.31 + deb8u1), task-desktop, kde-standard, kdm Inokurudzira: kdeaccessibility, libqtgui4-perl, libqtcore4-perl, k3b, k3b-i18n, plasma-widget -networkmanagement, kdesudo, libreoffice-kde, apper, gimp, iceweasel, libreoffice, libreoffice-rubatsiro-en-us, mythes-en-us, hunspell-en-us, hyphen-en-us, system-config-printer Tsanangudzo: KDE Iri basa package rinoshandiswa kuisa iyo Debian desktop, iine iyo KDE desktop nharaunda, uye nemamwe mapakeji ayo vashandisi veDebian vanotarisira kuve nawo pane desktop.

Ndima yekupedzisira inotitaurira, mushanduro yemahara:

• Iri basa package rinoshandiswa kuisa iyo Debian Desktop, inozivikanwa neGNOME desktop nharaunda, uye nemamwe mapakeji ayo vashandisi veDebian vanotarisira kuve nawo pane desktop yavo..

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ aptitude show task-spanish-kde-desktop
Pasuru: task-spanish-kde-desktop Nyowani: hongu Mamiriro: isina kuiswa Shanduro: 3.31 + deb8u1 Kukosha: sarudzo Chikamu: mabasa Anogadzira: Architecture: ese Asina kumanikidzwa saizi: 21.5 k Zvinoenderana ne: tasksel (= 3.31 + deb8u1) Inokurudzira: kde-l10n-en Tsananguro: Spanish KDE desktop Iri basa rinoisa iyo KDE desktop muSpanish.

Mutsetse wekupedzisira unoverenga anenge:

• Iri basa rinotsvaga iyo KDE Desktop muSpanish.

Kuisa iyo Inotsanya uye Yakashongedzwa KDE, isu tinoita:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo aptitude yekuisa basa-kde-desktop basa-spanish-kde-desktop
” yakaiswa, 0 kubvisa uye 1079 haina kuvandudzwa. Ini ndoda kutora 0 MB yemafaira. Mushure mekuburitsa zvinhu, 0 MB ichashandiswa. Iwe unoda kuenderera? [Y / n /?]

Kwatinopindura kuti "Y". Ehe kugona inodzosera meseji yakafanana neiyi:

ONA: Asina kusaina mavhezheni anotevera mapakeji achaiswa! Pasina kusainwa mapakeji anogona kukanganisa kuchengetedzeka kwesystem. Iwe unofanirwa kungoenderera nekumisikidza kana uine chokwadi chaicho zvauri kuda ............ (Package Chinyorwa) ............... kufuratira ichi chiziviso uye kuenderera zvakadaro? Kuti uenderere mberi, pinda "Hongu"; kubvisa, pinda "Kwete":

Tinopindura nekunyora "Hongu" tisingatyi.

Mushure mekupedza iyo yekumisikidza maitiro emapakeji ese, kana tichida kuve ne "preview" kana "kutarisa" kwedesktop idzva, isu tinoita:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ kutangax

Uye isu tinomirira iyo KDE desktop kurodha. Kana tapedza kufamba kwedu kwekutanga tinotangidza michina kuburikidza neiyo graphical interface pachayo.

KDE gadza pasuru nekukasira Kdm «KDE Ratidza Mutariri weX11". Kdm inogadzirisa akateedzana eX maseva kana "Xservers", achimhanya pamushini wepanzvimbo kana pamachina ari kure. Inotendera vashandisi vakasiyana kuti vapinde nyore muDesktop Nharaunda yezvavanosarudza, batanidza kune iri kure server XDMCP «X Ratidza Maneja Kudzora Protocol«, Kana dzima system.

KDM inotsigira madingindira kana echinyakare "madingindira" uye inogona kuratidza runyorwa rwevashandisi nemifananidzo yavo Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo unomhanya mukoni kukodzera kuratidza KDM o murume KDM mushure mekuiswa.

KDE Yakazara

Kusvika panguva ino tine chivako standard, kuidana neimwe nzira, kubva KDE Desktop. Zvisinei, kune vadikani veKDE, tinokurudzira kuti uongorore mberi, sezvakaratidzwa pasi apa:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ aptitude show kde-yakazara
Pasuru: kde-izere Nyowani: hongu Mamiriro: isina kuiswa Shanduro: 5:84 Kukosha: sarudzo Chikamu: metapackages Mugadziri: Debian Qt / KDE Vanochengeta Architecture: ese Asina kumanikidzwa saizi: 36.9k Zvinoenderana ne: kde-plasma-desktop (> = 5:84), kde-plasma-netbook (> = 5:84), kdeadmin (> = 4: 4.11.3), kdeartwork (> = 4: 4.11.3), kdegraphics (> = 4: 4.11.3), kdeedu (> = 4: 4.11.3), kdegames (> = 4: 4.11.3), kdemultimedia (> = 4: 4.11.3 .4), kdenetwork (> = 4.11.3: 4), kdeutils (> = 4.11.3: 4), kdepim (> = 4.11.3: 4), kdeplasma-addons (> = 4.11.3: 5) Kurudzira : kde-standard (> = 84:4), kdeaccessibility (> = 4.11.3: 4), kdesdk (> = 4.11.3: 4), kdetoys (> = 4.11.3: 4), kdewebdev (> = 4.11.3 : 10) Ongorora: kde-l4n (> = 4.11.3: 1), calligra (> = 2.6.4: 5), xorg Break: kde-minimal (<57:XNUMX) Ipa: kde-software-compilation Tsananguro: yakazara KDE Software Muunganidzwa wevashandisi vekupedzisira KDE ndiyo ine simba, yakasanganiswa, uye iri nyore kushandisa Mahara Software desktop desktop uye suite yezvishandiso. Iyi metapackage inosanganisira ese epamutemo mamodule akaburitswa ne KDE Sotware Kuunganidzwa ayo asina kunangana nekusimudzira uyezve mamwe ma KDE ekushandisa ayo anobatsira kune desktop mushandisi. Izvi zvinosanganisira multimedia, network, magirafu, dzidzo, mitambo, sisitimu manejimendi maturusi, uye humwe hunyanzvi uye zvinoshandiswa. Main peji: http://www.kde.org Brands: basa :: metapackage, suite :: kde

Uye kana iwe uchida kuve izere desktop desktop:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo kukodzera kuisa kde-yakazara
[sudo] password ye buzz: Aya anotevera NEW mapakeji achaiswa: advancecomp {a} akonadiconsole {a} amor {a} analitza-yakajairika {a} autopoint {a} ........ 0 akagadziridzwa mapakeji, 333 nyowani yakaiswa, 0 kubvisa uye 0 haina kuvandudzwa. Ini ndoda kurodha pasi 466 MB yemafaira. Mushure mekuburitsa zvinhu, 1,238 MB inozoshandiswa. Iwe unoda kuenderera? [Y / n /?]

Uye mushure mekupedza kumisikidza, tinotangazve komputa uye tinotarisa pane dzese sarudzo idzo iyi KDE Desktop ine ... kunyangwe ichishandisa zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nharaunda dze desktop, uye kunyangwe ini pachangu ndamboishandisa zvishoma zvishoma shoma.

Zano: Usarega kubvunza iyo KDE Rubatsiro Center

Dzimwe nguva ndinoshandisa mazita echirungu, nekuti ivo zviri nani kuziva iro zita rekutanga repakeji kana chirongwa. Kuvashandura hakusi nyore kwandiri.

GNOME, yechinyakare

Iyo yekuchengetera yatinayo, Debian 8.1, ine iyo GNOME Desktop vhezheni 3.14.1-1, zvinoenderana neshanduro yemaraibhurari ayo makuru. Kuti tiise iyo tinomhanya pane koni:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ aptitude tsvaga gnome-desktop | grep basa
p basa-gnome-desktop - GNOME ........

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ aptitude inoratidza basa-gnome-desktop
Pasuru: task-gnome-desktop Nyowani: hongu Mamiriro: isina kuiswa Shanduro: 3.31 + deb8u1 Kukosha: sarudzo Chikamu: mabasa Anogadzira: Debian Isa Sisitimu Architecture: ese Asina kumanikidzwa saizi: 21.5 k Zvinoenderana ne: tasksel (= 3.31 + deb8u1), task-desktop, gnome-core Inokurudzira: gnome, libreoffice-gnome, libreoffice-shanduko, gimp, synaptic, iceweasel, libreoffice, libreoffice-rubatsiro -en-us, mythes-en-us, hunspell-en-us, hyphen-en-us, network-manager-gnome Tsanangudzo: GNOME Iri basa rekushandisa rinoshandiswa kuisa desktop yeDebian, iine iyo GNOME desktop nharaunda, uye ne mamwe mapakeji ayo vashandisi veDebian vanotarisira kuve nawo pane desktop.

Ndima yekupedzisira inotitaurira, mushanduro yemahara:

• Iri basa package rinoshandiswa kuisa iyo Debian Desktop, inozivikanwa neGNOME desktop nharaunda, uye nemamwe mapakeji ayo vashandisi veDebian vanotarisira kuve nawo pane desktop yavo..

Saka kana tikateerera Debian sezvatinoedza kuita nguva dzose, tinomhanya:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo kukodzera kuisa task-gnome-desktop
[sudo] password ye buzz: Aya anotevera NEW mapakeji achaiswa: accountservice {a} adwaita-icon-theme {a} aisleriot {a} alacarte {a} ..........
0 akagadziridzwa mapakeji, 1210 matsva akaiswa, 0 kubvisa uye 0 haana kuvandudzwa.
Ini ndoda kurodha pasi 877 MB yemafaira. Mushure mekuburitsa 2,689 MB inozoshandiswa. Iwe unoda kuenderera? [Y / n /?]

Kwatinopindura kuti "Y". Ehe kugona inodzosera meseji yakafanana neiyi:

ONA: Asina kusaina mavhezheni anotevera mapakeji achaiswa! Pasina kusainwa mapakeji anogona kukanganisa kuchengetedzeka kwesystem. Iwe unofanirwa kungoenderera nekumisikidza kana uine chokwadi chaicho zvauri kuda ............ (Package Chinyorwa) ............... kufuratira ichi chiziviso uye kuenderera zvakadaro? Kuti uenderere mberi, pinda "Hongu"; kubvisa, pinda "Kwete":

Ehe tinopindura "Hongu."

Mushure mekupedza iyo yekumisikidza maitiro emapakeji ese, kana tichida kuve ne "preview" kana "kutarisa" kwedesktop idzva, isu tinoita:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ kutangax

Uye isu tinomirira iyo GNOME-Desktop kurodha. Pakupera kwekutanga kuongorora uye kuburikidza neiyo graphical interface pachayo, tinotangazve komputa.

GNOME inoisa iyo package nekukasira gdm3 «GNOME Ratidza Mutariri«. Inopa zvakaenzana nekoni yekukurumidza "login:" yeiyo "X Windows Sisitimu«. Kunze kwekukumbira humbowo hwechokwadi - zita rekushandisa uye password - inotanga chikamu chemifananidzo. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, edza iyo console mirairokukodzera kuratidza gdm3«, Uye mushure mekuiswa «murume gdm3«.

Isu tinojekesa izvo kana tichiisa iyo package basa-gnome-desktop, iyo pasuru yakaiswa gnome, uye kana tikateedzera kukodzera kuratidza gnome mune koni, isu tichaona kuti ndeye meta-package inoenderana neyakajairwa kugoverwa kweGNOME Desktop nharaunda, pamwe neiyo yakazara assortment yemapulagi uye zvinoshandiswa zvakabatanidzwa muGNOME neDebian, uye inopa zvakanakisa nharaunda kusvika zvino… Zvekupedzisira mune tatsveyamisa uye zvakashinga, kwete ini. Inodaro saka GNOME. 😉

Dzimwe nguva ndinoshandisa mazita muChirungu, nekuti ivo zviri nani kuziva iro zita rekutanga repakeji kana chirongwa. Kuvashandura hakusi nyore kwandiri.

Ziva kuti gdm3 inoratidza mushandisi nemazita avo azere.
Mushure mekupinda password uye kudzvanya Enter kana kudzvanya pointer yegonzo pane "Login" bhatani, tinosvika kuGNOME Desktop.

Izvo zvinongogara kwatiri kuti tishandure iyo GNOME Desktop zvinoenderana nezvatinoda uye zvatinofarira. Nakidzwa nekuvandudza iyi imwe Grande Desktop!

Sinamoni, sinamoni

Iyo repository yatinayo, Debian 8.1, ine iyo Cinnamon mhando 2.16-5. Kuti tiise iyo tinomhanya pane koni:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ aptitude tsvaga sinamoni-desktop | grep basa
p basa-sinamoni-desktop - Cinnamon                                 

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ aptitude inoratidza basa-sinamoni-desktop
Pasuru: task-sinamoni-desktop Nyowani: hongu Mamiriro: isina kuiswa Shanduro: 3.31 + deb8u1 Kukosha: sarudzo Chikamu: mabasa Anogadzira: Debian Isa Sisitimu Architecture: saizi isina kumanikidzwa yese: 21.5 k Zvinoenderana ne: tasksel (= 3.31 + deb8u1), task-desktop, sinamoni-desktop-nharaunda Tsananguro: Cinnamon Iri basa rekushandisa rinoshandiswa kuisa desktop yeDebian, iine iyo Cinnamon desktop nharaunda, uye nemamwe mapakeji ayo vashandisi veDebian vanotarisira kuve nawo pane desktop.

Ndima yekupedzisira inotitaurira, mushanduro yemahara:

• Iri basa package rinoshandiswa kuisa iyo Debian Desktop, inozivikanwa neCinnamon desktop nharaunda, uye nemamwe mapakeji ayo vashandisi veDebian vanotarisira kuve nawo pane desktop yavo..

Kuti ive iiswe, isu tinoita:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo kukodzera kuisa task-sinamoni-desktop
[sudo] password ye buzz: Aya anotevera NEW mapakeji achaiswa: accountservice {a} adwaita-icon-theme {a} aisleriot {a} alsa-base {a} ..........
0 akagadziridzwa mapakeji, 1137 nyowani akaiswa, 0 kubvisa uye 0 haina kuvandudzwa. Ini ndoda kutora 701 MB yemafaira. Mushure mekuburitsa zvinhu, 2,328 MB inozoshandiswa. Iwe unoda kuenderera? [Y / n /?]

Kwatinopindura kuti "Y". Ehe kugona inodzosera meseji yakafanana neiyi:

ONA: Asina kusaina mavhezheni anotevera mapakeji achaiswa! Pasina kusainwa mapakeji anogona kukanganisa kuchengetedzeka kwesystem. Iwe unofanirwa kungoenderera nekumisikidza kana uine chokwadi chaicho zvauri kuda ............ (Package Chinyorwa) ............... kufuratira ichi chiziviso uye kuenderera zvakadaro? Kuti uenderere mberi, pinda "Hongu"; kubvisa, pinda "Kwete":

Tinopindura "Hongu", hapasisina.

Mushure mekupedza iyo yekumisikidza maitiro emapakeji ese, kana tichida kuve ne "preview" kana "kutarisa" kwedesktop nyowani, isu tinoita:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ kutangax

Uye isu tinomirira iyo Cinnamon Desktop. Patinopedzisa ongororo yekutanga uye kuburikidza neiyo graphical interface pachayo, tinotangazve komputa.

Cinnamon gadza pasuru nekukasira lightdm  «Rakareruka Ratidza maneja» rakagadzirwa neboka «Debian Xfce Vanochengeta". lightdm inopa X11 Screen Manager, ayo makuru maficha ari:

• Iva nehuremu hwekodhi yekodhi
• Inoenderana nematanho ePAM, ConsoleKit, nezvimwe.
• Iyo ine yakanyatso tsanangurwa yakajeka interface pakati peXserver-Xorg server uye mushandisi interface.
• Inogona kugadziridzwa zvizere kuburikidza neMusoro kana "Themes".

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo isu tinomhanya mune koni kukodzera kuratidza lightdm o murume lightdm mushure mekuiswa.

Cinnamon inoda kuti ishandiswe nemazvo, iyo Hardware Vhidhiyo Yekumhanyisa. Kana tikamhanyisa mumuchina chaiwo, paHost kana «Host» nekadhi revhidhiyo risingatsigire kumhanyisa Hardware, sezvazviri kwatiri kunyanya, patinopinda munzvimbo yedesktop pachayo, tinogona kugamuchira zvinotevera message:

Isu tinodzvanya pairi uye inonyangarika. Iye Classic Cinnamon Menyu, icharatidzwa kwatiri mukubwinya kwayo kose:

Chii chatadzidza kusvika zvino?

Hazvina basa kuti isu tibvunze isu izvo zvatakadzidza kusvika parizvino?, Kubva munzira inoonekwa pamusoro pematafura matatu anonyanya kushandiswa. Muzviitiko zvese, patinomhanya kukodzera kuratidza basa- -desktop, Debian anotidzosera kuburikidza kugona, unotevera meseji yekupedzisira:

• Iri basa package rinoshandiswa kuisa iyo Debian desktop, iine iyo kde, gnome, kana sinamoni> desktop nharaunda, uye nemamwe mapakeji ayo vashandisi veDebian vanotarisira kuve nawo pane desktop.

Meseji yapfuura inotidzidzisa zvakawanda. Chinhu chekutanga chatinogona kupa maererano nehungwaru - ndinofunga zvidiki zvakajairwa zvevanhu - ndezvekuti Debian inobvumidza iwe kumisikidza uye kugadzirisa iyo desktop desktop kana "Desktop Nzvimbo" yaunofarira..

Ndima yekupedzisira yatinowana kana tichiita:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ aptitude show task-mate-desktop
ó
buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ aptitude inoratidza basa-xfce-desktop
ó
buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ aptitude inoratidza basa-lxde-desktop

MATE, mutema

Kusvika ikozvino, iri tafura yedu yatinoda yeSysadmin Workstation, zvese zvebasa rako rezuva nezuva uye neirabhoritari yekumba. Isu takaisarudza nekuda kwekureruka kwayo kwepamusoro kwekugadzirisa, kureruka, uye yakaderera memory uye processor processor yekushandisa. Izvo hazvitore Hardware kumhanyisa, kana kuita kwepamusoro kubva pakombuta.

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ aptitude show task-mate-desktop
Pasuru: task-mate-desktop Nyowani: hongu Mamiriro: isina kuiswa Shanduro: 3.31 + deb8u1 Kukosha: sarudzo Chikamu: mabasa Anogadzira: Debian Isa System Chikwata Architecture: ese Asina kumanikidzwa saizi: 21.5 k Zvinoenderana ne: tasksel (= 3.31 + deb8u1), task-desktop, mate-desktop-nharaunda, lightdm Inokurudzira: gimp, synaptic, iceweasel, libreoffice, libreoffice-help-en-us, mythes -en-us, hunspell-en-us, hyphen-en-us, network-manager-gnome, gnome-orca, libreoffice-gtk Tsanangudzo: MATE Iri pasuru rebasa rinoshandiswa kuisa desktop yeDebian, iine iyo MATE desktop nharaunda, uye nemamwe mapakeji ayo vashandisi veDebian vanotarisira kuve nawo pane desktop.

Ngatitarisei kuti iye anovandudza "task- ..." mapakeji ndiyo Debian Isa System Chikwata, uye ASI mushambadzi wepakeji kana boka remapakeji iwe aunoisa. Pakupedzisira takaverenga ndima imwechete yatambotaura nezvayo nezve "Debian desktop".

Mune mamwe mazwi, iyo "Debian Isa System Timu" inongoitira hanya izvo Iwe unogadzira Yako "Debian desktop", uye uve munzira yakanakisa yekutanga kushandisa. Gare gare, iwe unofanirwa kuigadzirisa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa uye zvaunofarira.

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo kukodzera kuisa task-mate-desktop
[sudo] password ye buzz: Aya anotevera NEW mapakeji achaiswa: adwaita-icon-theme {a} alsa-base {a} alsa-utils {a} anacron {a} aspell {a} ........
0 akagadziridzwa mapakeji, 731 matsva akaiswa, 0 kubvisa uye 0 haana kuvandudzwa.
Ini ndoda kurodha pasi 537 MB yemafaira. Mushure mekuburitsa zvinhu, 1,698 MB inozoshandiswa.
Iwe unoda kuenderera? [Y / n /?]

Mushure mekupindura zvine hungwaru mibvunzo yaunotibvunza kugona, isu tinoedza kufungidzira iyo yakaiswa desktop uye tobva tangazve komputa senge mune apfuura kesi.

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ kutangax

Isu tinotangazve kubva kune imwechete graphic nharaunda kuburikidza neyekumusoro menyu Sisitimu -> Nyarara pasi - -> Tangazve.

Sezvatichaona mushure mekutanga patsva, MATE inoisa iyo package nekukasira lightdm  Nyore Ratidza Maneja.

Mamwe mapakeji eMATE Desktop

Tinokurudzira aya anotevera mapakeji akaiswa:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo kukodzera kuisa mate-desktop-nharaunda-yekuwedzera
Aya anotevera NEW mapakeji achaiswa: apache2-bin {a} apache2.2-bin box-extensions-zvakajairika {a} box-gksu {a} box-image-converter {a} box-open-terminal {a} box- sendto {a} bhokisi-share {a} dconf-mupepeti {a} gksu {a} gnome-mushandisi-gwara {a} hddtemp {a} imagemagick {a} imagemagick-6.q16 {a} imagemagick-yakajairika {a} libapache2-mod-dnssd {a} libapr1 {a} libaprutil1 {a} libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 {a} libaprutil1-ldap {a} libfftw3-double3 {a} libgssdp-1.0-3 {a} libgupnp-1.0-4 { a} libiw30 {a} liblqr-1-0 {a} liblua5.1-0 {a} libmagickcore-6.q16-2 {a} libmagickcore-6.q16-2-yakawedzera {a} libmagickwand-6.q16- 2 -netspeed {a} mate-sensors-applet {a} mate-mushandisi-shandisa {a} mozo {a} netpbm {a} obex-data-server {a} python-crypto {a} python-ldb {a} python -mumwe-menyu-a {p} akagadziridzwa mapakeji os, 0 nyowani yakaiswa, 10 kubvisa uye 1 haina kuvandudzwa. Ini ndoda kurodha 4 MB yemafaira. Mushure mekuburitsa zvinhu, 0 MB inozoshandiswa. Iwe unoda kuenderera? [Y / n /?]

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo kukoshesa kuisa libreoffice-l10n-en libreoffice-rubatsiro-en buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo aptitude yekuisa icedove icedove-l10n-en-en icedove-l10n-en-ar
buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo kukodzera kuisa gparted vlc

Kuti uzvigadzirire iwe, natsa uye unakirwe neMATE Desktop!

XFCE, inokurumidza uye yakapusa mbeva

Debian inounza iyo vhezheni 4.10.1 Del XFCE4, Inozivikanwa nekuve yakajeka desktop desktop, ine chitarisiko chakanaka, uye nekukurumidza zvakanyanya kune wedzinza UNIX® anoshanda masystem. Yakavakwa kuti ibudirire, inotakura uye inomhanya kunyorera nekukurumidza ichichengetedza system zviwanikwa. XFCE inogadzirisika, uye ine maneja wewindo unotsigira kujeka uye zvimwe zvinokanganisa.

Vaya vanosarudza paXFCE4 vanozowana marongero acho achifadza. Zvakanaka kukosha. Mhedzisiro yakanaka inogona kuwanikwa!

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ aptitude inoratidza basa-xfce-desktop
Pasuru: task-xfce-desktop Nyowani: hongu Mamiriro: isina kuiswa Shanduro: 3.31 + deb8u1 Kukosha: sarudzo Chikamu: mabasa Anogadzira: Debian Isa System Timu Architecture: ese Uncompressed saizi: 21.5 k Zvinoenderana ne: tasksel (= 3.31 + deb8u1), task-desktop, xfce4, lightdm Inokurudzira: xfce4-goodies, xfce4-simba-maneja, xfce4-musanganisi, xfce4-terminal, mousepad, orage , libreoffice-gtk, dbus-x11, xsane, vlc, quodlibet, evince-gtk | evince, tango-icon-theme, network-maneja-gnome, synaptic, iceweasel, libreoffice, libreoffice-rubatsiro-en-us, mythes-en-us, hunspell-en-us, hyphen-en-us, system-config- purinda, gnome-orca Tsananguro: Xfce Iri basa package inoshandiswa kuisa iyo Debian desktop, iine iyo Xfce desktop nharaunda, uye nemamwe mapakeji ayo vashandisi veDebian vanotarisira kuve nawo pane desktop.

Isu tinoisa akawanda anodikanwa:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo kukodzera kuisa task-xfce-desktop
vakasununguka-l10n-en vakasununguka-rubatsiro-en iceweasel-l10n-en-en \
iceweasel-l10n-es-us iceweasel-l10n-es-ar icedove icedove-l10n-es-ar \
icedove-l10n-en-es gparted

Isu tinofungidzira:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ kutangax

Uyezve isu tinotangazve kuburikidza neye graphical interface pachayo. Nakidzwa nekuvandudza iyo XFCE desktop!

LXDE, yakapusa

Kana XFCE iri nyore uye ichikurumidza, LXDE zvimwe zvishoma. LXDE inomirira Lightweight X11 Desktop Nharaunda. Yakanyanya kukurudzirwa kumaseva anoda graphical interface, kana kuti isu tinongoda kuvapa iyo Desktop.

Iwo mapakeji "anozvitaurira" ivo vega, uye zviri nani kupfuura chero zvinyorwa kwatiri.

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ aptitude tsvaga lxde
p dzidzo-desktop-lxde - Debian Edu LXDE desktop application p live-image-lxde-desktop - Live System Image Zvikamu (LXDE desktop p lxde - Metapackage yeLXDE p lxde-yakajairika - LXDE yekumisikidza data p lxde-core - Metapackage yeiyo LXDE yakakosha p lxde-icon-theme - LXDE standard icon theme v lxde-setup-daemon - p task-lxde-desktop - LXDE

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ kukodzera kuratidza lxde
Pasuru: lxde Nyowani: hongu Mamiriro: isina kuiswa Shanduro: 6 Kukosha: sarudzo Chikamu: metapackages Mugadziri: Debian LXDE Vanochengeta Architecture: ese Asina kumanikidzwa saizi: 27.6k Zvinoenderana ne: galculator, gpicview, leafpad, lxappearance, lxappearance-obconf, lxde-core, lxde-icon-theme, lxinput, lxrandr, lxsession-edit, lxterminal, xarchiver Recommend: alsamixer , mafashama | kufambisa-gtk, evince-gtk | pdf-muoni, gnome-disk-utility, gnome-mplayer, gnome-system-zvishandiso, gucharmap, iceweasel | www-browser, lightdm | x-kuratidza-maneja, lxmusic | kushinga, lxpolkit, menyu-xdg, usermode, wicd | network-maneja-gnome, xserver-xorg Inopa: gimp, libreoffice, lxlauncher, lxtask, pidgin, kugadzirisa-notifier, xfce4-simba-maneja Tsananguro: Metapackage yeLXDE Iyo Lightweight X11 Desktop Nzvimbo (LXDE) chirongwa chakanangana nekupa desktop nharaunda iyo isingaremi uye inokurumidza. Iyi pasuru ndeye metapackage inoenderana nezvakakosha zvinhu uye zvinokurudzirwa zvinhu zveLXDE. Inosanganisira lxde-core, lxappearance, lxinput, lxsession-edit, gpicview, lxterminal, lxrandr, galculator, leafpad uye xarchiver. Kana iwe uchingoda kunhonga uye sarudza iwo epakati zvikamu izvo unzwe wakasununguka kubvisa iyi package. Main peji: http://www.lxde.org/ Brands: interface :: x11, role :: metapackage, scope :: suite, suite :: TODO, uitoolkit :: gtk

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ aptitude inoratidza basa-lxde-desktop
Pasuru: task-lxde-desktop Nyowani: hongu Mamiriro: isina kuiswa Shanduro: 3.31 + deb8u1 Kukosha: sarudzo Chikamu: mabasa Anogadzira: Debian Isa Sisitimu Architecture: ese Asina kumanikidzwa saizi: 21.5k Zvinoenderana ne: tasksel (= 3.31 + deb8u1), task-desktop, lightdm, lxde Inokurudzira: lxtask, lxlauncher, xsane, libreoffice-gtk, synaptic, iceweasel, libreoffice, libreoffice-rubatsiro-en -us, mythes-en-us, hunspell-en-us, hyphen-en-us, system-config-printer, gnome-orca Tsanangudzo: LXDE Iri basa rekushandisa rinoshandiswa kuisa desktop yeDebian, iine iyo LXDE desktop nharaunda, uye nemamwe mapakeji ayo vashandisi veDebian vanotarisira kuve nawo pane desktop.

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo kukodzera kuisa task-lxde-desktop
[sudo] password ye buzz: Aya anotevera NEW mapakeji achaiswa: adwaita-icon-theme {a} alsa-base {a} alsa-utils {a} alsamixergui {a} ........
0 akagadziridzwa mapakeji, 774 matsva akaiswa, 0 kubvisa uye 0 haana kuvandudzwa.
Ini ndoda kurodha pasi 499 MB yemafaira. Mushure mekuburitsa zvinhu, 1,568 MB inozoshandiswa.
Iwe unoda kuenderera? [Y / n /?]

Uye isu tinopfuurira nenzira imwecheteyo nematafura epfuura. Usanyara. Gadzirisa iyi isina kureruka desktop desktop uye wozotiudza kuti zvakafamba sei.

Resumen

Sezvataona, kuwana Debian desktop kunonakidza. Zvirinani ndezvedu. Izvo zvakatsanangurwa maitiro ne6 -six- yavo. Muzviitiko zvese, wakachena muchina wakagadzirwa uye iyo Desktop Nharaunda yakazoiswa.

Iko kusununguka kwe «inotevera - inotevera«,«Kuchengetedzwa kweRima«,«Vatyairi vese vanoshanda OK«, Uye zvimwewo zvinhu«zvakanaka»Kune mamwe anoshandiswa nemamwe masystem ekushandisa, zvinhu zvinogona kuve boomerang kana« boomerang », izvo zvinotyisidzira kuchengetedzeka kweWeststation yedu, kunyanya kana isu takabatana neWWW Village kana Internet.

Ini ndinofunga isu tinofanirwa kukwanisa kusarudza zvedu dzimwe nzira. Iva varidzi vezvisarudzo zvedu. Iko kune kusarudza. Mumwe nemumwe ngaafare Zvakanyanya neSarudzo yake.

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