Mafaira masystem: ndeipi yekusarudzira ma disks angu uye zvikamu muLinux?

Iye zvino, Maitiro ekushanda yemahara uye yakavhurika zvichibva pa GNU / Linux tsigira akasiyana siyana e Faira masystem (mafaera), kunyange hazvo ichinyanya kuzivikanwa uye / kana kushandiswa, ichiri chazvino EXT4.

Asi chaizvo: Chii chinofanirwa kuve chakanyanya kusarudzika pakushandisa kwatinopa kune edu Mapati, Disks, MaSystem Anoshanda kana maComputer? Ndezvipi zvakanaka nezvakaipa izvo mumwe anazvo pamusoro peumwe?

Sezvatakataridza kare, zvinonyanya kushandiswa uye zvinozivikanwa zvinogona kuitika File system about GNU / Linux, ive yazvino EXT4. Izvi nekuda kwe:

"... el Yakawedzerwa faira system (EXT), yaive yekutanga faira sisitimu yakagadzirirwa chaizvo iyo Linux Inoshanda Sisitimu. Yakagadzirwa naRémy Kadhi kukurira kusakwana kweMINIX File System. Yakasimudzwa neese maviri EXT2 uye Xiafs, pakati payo paive nemakwikwi, ayo ext2 akazopedzisira akunda, nekuda kwekugona kwayo kwenguva refu.".

Ndokunge, iyo EXT faira system, unenge uine 30 makore kuchinja. Kubva mhando 1 muna 1992, achipfuura nepake mhando 2 muna 1993ake mhando 3 muna 2001, kusvika parizvino File system EXT4 izvo zvakaburitswa mugore ra2008. Zvichakadaro, kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, mamwe maFaira Maitiro akaona hupenyu seimwe nzira pane yazvino EXT4 ine hunhu hunoshamisa uye misiyano.

Mafaira masisitimu paGNU / Linux

Tevere tichaona hunhu hwakatanhamara kune yega yega, kuti iwe ugone kuona kuti ndeipi iri nyore mune yega nyaya.

EXT4

• Akaburitswa mu2008.
• Zita rayo rinomiririra rechina rakawedzerwa faira.
• Inofananidzwa neyekare EXT3 inokurumidza, ndokuti, ine zvigadziriso mukukurumidza kwekuverenga nekunyora, uye isinganyanye kutsemuka. Zvakare, inokwanisa kubata makuru faira masystem (anosvika 1EiB = 1024PiB) uye kubata makuru mafaira (anosvika 16TB). Zvakare, iyo inopa yakanyatsojeka faira date ruzivo, ine yakaderera CPU kushandiswa.
• Yakanga iri yechipiri yeiyo EXT akateedzana kuve Transactional Faira Sisitimu, ndiko kuti, ine mashandiro anoita mashandisirwo kana zvinyorwa zvejenali, nenzira yekuchengetera ruzivo rwakakosha kudzoreredza dhata rakabatwa nekutengeserana kana izvi akakundikana.
• Iine "Extent" rutsigiro. Izvo "Zvakakura" ndiko kutsiviwa kwechinyakare block scheme inoshandiswa neiyo EXT 2/3 faira masisitimu. "Kuwedzera" iseti yezvikwata zvinovaka muviri, izvo zvinopa iyo File System kugona kwayo kugadzirisa mashandiro kana uchishanda nemafaira makuru uye kudzikisa kupatsanurwa.

Izvi nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoita kuti zvive zvakanaka kushandiswa pamakomputa epamba uye nevashandisi vehofisi, iyo isingade kushandiswa kwakasimba kweiyo File System. Maitiro ayo akanaka uye mashandiro akakwana kune huwandu hukuru hwevashandisi uye mashandisirwo emakomputa ane avhareji mashandisiro, ndokuti, zvakajairwa. Kunyange hazvo, kushandiswa kwayo mumaseva ane yakaderera kudiwa kana mashandiro zvakare kwakanakisa.

Iyo ine zvimwe zvakawanda zvakasarudzika maficha, asi izvi zvinogona kuwedzerwa pawebhusaiti ye kernel.org, uye mune yakakosha chinyorwa pawebhusaiti openource.com.

XFS

• XFS ndiyo dangwe rejenali faira mafaera anowanikwa kune UNIX chikuva. Yakagadzirwa nekambani yeSGI (yaimbonzi Silicon Graphics Inc.) uye yakaburitswa muna 1994. Muna Chivabvu 2000, SGI yakaburitsa XFS pasi peyakavhurika sosi rezinesi, iyo yaibvumira kuti iverengerwe muLinux kubva vhezheni 2.4.25. XFS inotsigira faira sisitimu inosvika kuma9 exabytes, kwemakumi matanhatu nematanhatu uye gumi nematatu terabyte makumi matatu nemaviri.
• XFS iri faira system iyo inoshandisa kushambadzira, pamwe neiyo yakasimba uye inokwenenzverwa kwazvo 64-bit. Iyo yakazara-yekuwedzera-yakavakirwa, saka inotsigira makuru mafaera uye makuru kwazvo mafaera masisitimu. Huwandu hwemafaira anokwanisa kuve neiyo XFS inogumira chete nenzvimbo inowanikwa pane faira system.
• XFS inotsigira metadata majenali, ayo anofambisa nekukurumidza kupora kubva mukukuvara. XFS mafaera emafaira anogona zvakare kuderedzwa uye kuwedzeredzwa apo akaiswa uye achishanda.

Izvi nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoita kuti zvive zvakanaka kushandiswa paMaseva, kunyanya kudiwa kwakanyanya kana mashandiro, ayo anoda kushandiswa kwakasimba kweiyo faira sisitimu uye dzimwe nzira dzakasimba dzekudzosa zvimwechetezvo nedata riripo. Mune mamwe mazwi, maSeva anobata dhisiki hombe kuverenga / kunyora mutoro, yakamira mhando dhatabhesi kana kubata akagovaniswa webhosting mashandiro, pakati pezvimwe zvinoshandiswa.

Iyo ine zvimwe zvakawanda zvakasarudzika maficha, asi izvi zvinogona kuwedzerwa pawebhusaiti ye redhat.com, uye mune yakakosha chinyorwa pawebhusaiti en.qwe.wiki.

btrfs

• Btrfs (B-Muti FS) inzira yemazuva ano yeLinux iyo inovavarira kuita epamberi maficha panguva imwecheteyo ichitarisa pakukanganwira kushivirira, kugadzirisa, uye nyore kutonga.
• Yakagadzirwa pamwechete nemakambani akati wandei, asi ine rezinesi pasi peGPL uye yakavhurika kuti chero munhu ape.
• Iyo ine yakanakisa maficha ekugadzirisa makuru storages, uye kuona, kugadzirisa uye kushivirira zvikanganiso mune iyo data yakachengetwa pane diski.
• Iyo inochengetedza iyo yekuchengetera nenzira yakabatana, ichiibvumira kuti ipe redundancy mune inoitwa faira masystem.
• Btrfs inoshandisa Copy-on-Write (CoW) mashandiro, inobvumira kuverenga-chete kana kuchinjika mapikicha, inosanganisira rutsigiro rwemuno rwemafaira-emafaira mafaira uye inotsigira sub-vhoriyamu manejimendi. Uye zvakare, inodzivirira ruzivo (data uye metadata) ichishandisa macheki (macheki), Inotsigira compression, optimizations for SSD drives, kurongedza kwakaringana kwemafaira madiki uye zvimwe zvakawanda.
• Iyo Btrfs codebase ichiri pasi pekuenderera kusimudzira kuona kuti inoramba yakatsiga uye ichikurumidza, uye inoshandiswa pasi pechinhu chipi zvacho. Kufamba kwayo nekukurumidza kwekuvandudza kunoreva kuti inovandudza zvinoshamisa neimwe yega vhezheni yeLinux, saka zvinokurudzirwa zvikuru kuti vashandisi vamhanye iyo yazvino kernel inogoneka kana vachizoishandisa.

Izvi uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinoita kuti zvive zvakanaka kuti zvishandiswe pakakwirira mashandiro emabasa uye maSeva. Sezvo, inomiririra kugona kwayo kwakanyanya, kunyanya iwo epamberi ayo, kazhinji, anotungamirwa kupfuura kungovandudza mashandiro, ndiko kuti, ivo vanonyanya kutarisa kuchengetedza manejimendi uye chengetedzo.

Iyo ine zvimwe zvakawanda zvakasarudzika maficha, asi izvi zvinogona kuwedzerwa pawebhusaiti ye kernel.org, uye mune yakakosha chinyorwa pawebhusaiti elpuig.xeill.net.

Vamwe vashoma vashandiswa kana kuzivikanwa

• JFS
• VhuraZFS
• ReiserFS
• SFU
• ZFS

Zorora, GNU / Linux inogona zvizere kana zvishoma chikamu kutarisira zvimwe Asiri-emuno mafaira masystem, for disks uye partitions senge FAT32, exFAT uye NTFS de Windows, HFS + uye AFS de apuro. Mafaira masystem F2FS, UDF rinotevera exFAT yekunze kana yekuchengetera ekuchengetedza madhiraivha (disks). Uye kune network, senge NFS (yakashandiswa kugovana zviwanikwa pakati pemichina yeLinux) kana SMB (kugovana zviwanikwa pakati peLinux neWindows michina).

Mhedziso

Tinovimba izvi "inobatsira shoma posvo" nezve «Sistemas de archivos», mune yedu  «Distros GNU/Linux» kuziva zvirinani kuti ndeipi yakakodzera kwatiri «discos o particiones», ive yekunakidzwa uye yekushandisa, yeiyo yese «Comunidad de Software Libre y Código Abierto» uye yemupiro mukuru mukupararira kweinoshamisa, hombe uye kukura ecosystem yezvishandiso zve «GNU/Linux».

Uye kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, usazeze nguva dzose kushanyira chero Raibhurari yepaindaneti Chemhondoro OpenLibra y jedit kuverenga mabhuku (maPDF) pamusoro penyaya iyi kana zvimwe nzvimbo dzekuziva. Parizvino, kana iwe waifarira izvi «publicación», usarega kuigovana nevamwe, mune yako Anofarira mawebhusaiti, chiteshi, mapoka, kana nharaunda yemasocial network, zviri nyore yemahara uye yakavhurika se Mastodon, kana kuchengetedzeka uye zvakavanzika senge teregiramu.

Kana kungo shanyira peji redu repamba pa DesdeLinux kana kujoina iyo yepamutemo Chiteshi Teregiramu ye DesdeLinux kuverenga uye kuvhotera izvi kana zvimwe zvinonakidza zvinyorwa pa «Software Libre», «Código Abierto», «GNU/Linux» uye mimwe misoro ine chekuita ne «Informática y la Computación», and the «Actualidad tecnológica».