Kuchengetedza IP kero kwaisave kunetsekana pakutanga kweInternet. Mamwe makambani akapihwa / 8 (mamirioni gumi nematanhatu adhiresi) kana / 16 (16 kero) mabhuroko ayo aiwanzo kupfuura zvaaida chaizvo.
Pfungwa yekero yeIP kero iri kushandiswa muma1980 uye mukutanga kwema90 zvakakonzera kushomeka kwenzvimbo inowanikwa, sezvazvaiwanzoitika mukirasi C (huwandu hwamazana mashanu emazita) inopihwa kunetiweki yemakomputa mashoma.
Nekuwanda kwema mobile phones uye kuuya kweIoT, kudiwa kwemakero kwawedzerawo.
Nekuti IPv4 kero ndeye 32-bit tambo, nhamba yemakero inowanikwa yeiyo IPv4 kero nzvimbo ingangoita mabhiriyoni mana.
Nezve IPv4
Pose, kune mazana mana nemazana mana, makumi mana nepfumbamwe, inofungidzirwa mune ino mamiriro sekuteedzana kwe256 "/ 8", imwe neimwe "/ 8" inoenderana nematanhatu gumi nematanhatu nemakumi manomwe neshanu nematanhatu emakero akasarudzika.
Kubva pane aya mafambiro yakachengeterwa mamwe mashandisiro, kusanganisira 16/8 mabheji akachengeterwa kushandiswa mune dzakawanda zviitiko, 16/8 mabhuroko akachengeterwa kushandiswa kusingazivikanwe kwekushandisa mune ramangwana, a / 8 (0.0.0.0/8) yekuzivikanwa kwenzvimbo, a / 8 yeiyo loopback (127.0.0.0/8) uye / 8 yekushandisa zvakavanzika (10.0.0.0/8 Iwo madiki makero anovharira akachengeterwawo kumwe kushandiswa kwakakosha.
Muna Kukadzi 2011, iyo Internet Yakapihwa Manhamba Chiremera (IANA), iyo inotarisira kugoverwa kwepasi rose kwema IP kero, yakaratidza kuti yakanga yapedza iyo / 8 mabhureki e IPv4 kero yeRegional Internet Registries (RIR).
Zvino zvishoma nezvishoma maRIR akapedza masheya avo mukukwirana. Ndiyo Information Center yeAPNIC Asia-Pacific Network inoshumira kondinendi yeAsia iyo inozivisa, mukati megore rimwe chete, kuve kunze kwekero yeIPV4.
Yakanga iri nguva yekutendeuka kweEurope (RIPE) muna2012 kupererwa nemabhuroko.
Uye aya ndiwo mabatiro avakaita kunze
Kubva ipapo, iyo yeEuropean RIR yanga ichiganhurira chikamu chayo chekupedzisira che IP / 8 kero, ichiita huwandu hwemamirioni gumi nematanhatu.
Kuti uite izvi, maLIR (Local Internet Registrar) anogona kungova neyekupedzisira / 22 block block kubva kune yekupedzisira / 8 block. Latin America neCaribbean (LACNIC) yakasvika pamiganhu yayo munaJune 2014.
Uye muna Kukadzi 2017, LACNIC yakatamira ku "phase 3", apo chete makambani aive asina nzvimbo. IPv4 yaibvumidzwa kuwana imwe yekero dzasara, dzinongowanikwa mu / 22 block.
Chekupedzisira, iyo American Registry yeInternet Numeri yakasangana neyekupedzisira IPv4 kero munaGunyana 2015.
AFRINIC inofungidzira kupera kweayo IPV4 matombo kubva munaGunyana 2019.
Kunyangwe kana mamwe makero asina kushandiswa nemamwe masangano kana makambani uye akazodzoserwa kuIANA, chokwadi ndechekuti imwe nzira inofanirwa kuwanikwa kugadzirisa dambudziko rekushaya simba.
Chirevo nezuro pamusoro pechimiro cheiyo IPv4 kero yedziva inoratidza pachena izvi.
Mushure mehafu yekutanga yegore rino, nzvimbo yekupedzisira pane iri runyorwa, inova Africa, haichazovazve ne IPv4 kero mabhuroko.
Iyo IPv6 kero nzvimbo inomiririra ramangwana reInternet
Internet Protocol vhezheni 6 (IPv6) iri Rukoko 3 OSI (Vhura MaSystem Ekubatanidza) isina kubatana network protocol.
IPv6 ndiko kupera kwebasa rakaitwa mukati meITET muma1990 kuti ibudirire IPv4 uye zvirevo zvaro zvakagadziriswa muRFC 2460 muna Zvita 1998.
IPv6 yakaenzanisirwa muRFC 8200 muna Chikunguru 2017. Iine 128-bit pachinzvimbo chema 32-bit kero, IPv6 ine yakakura kwazvo kero nzvimbo pane IPv4.
Iyi hombe nhamba yemakero Inobvumira kune kumwe kuchinjika mune kero kupihwa uye zvirinani kuunganidzwa kwenzira muInternet routing tafura. Iine IPv6, mabhiriyoni emabhiri ema IP kero anowanikwa.
Vamwe vashandisi ivo vanotenda kuti IPv6 ine zvakawanda zvekupa kupfuura huwandu hweakero.
Vanotenda izvi zvinopa makambani hukuru hukuru pavanenge vachiona traffic traffic kubva kumakambani akasiyana, mahofisi, kana zvishandiso.
Vaongorori vezvekutengesa vachakwanisa kusvika pakuziva vatengi vavo zvirinani, kutambanudza zvimwe zvakajairwa zviitiko zvewebsite, uye kutungamira yakakwirira kutendeuka kwewebhusaiti Kwavari, kana isu tichifunga nezvazvo, IPv6 ingangove yekushambadzira chishandiso chinotarisirwa nemakambani.
Mumakore mashoma apfuura, mazhinji enzvimbo akambopedza IPv4 madziva emakero uye mamwe makambani makuru atanga kuchinjira kuIPv6.