IT Reflection: Ekare uye emazuva ano makomputa, uye yakaderera uye yakakwirira zviwanikwa
Nhasi, tichaita zviduku uye zvinobatsira «IT Reflection». Kwatichataura chinhu chakakosha chinogara chichidzokororwa muhurukuro dzevakawanda vanofarira tekinoroji, ruzivo rwemichina uye komputa. Kunyanya mune avo ve linux nharaunda uko kune zvisingaperi zve Kugoverwa kweGNU / Linux nemashandisirwo akasiyana uye maitiro.
Uye pfungwa iyi ndeiyi: Nzira yekuisa sei komputa nenzira kwayo? Kana iri, kana iri yekare, ichangoburwa kana yemazuva ano, uye kana iri yakaderera, yepakati kana yepamusoro. Saka, pasi pemupiro wedu munyaya iyi.
Distros: Diki, yakajeka, yakapusa uye imwechete-chinangwa kana zvinopesana?
Uye semazuva ese, tisati tapinda zvizere mumusoro wenyaya pane iyi «IT Reflection», iyo inonyanya kubata nehunyanzvi hunhu hwe yekare, ichangoburwa uye yemazuva ano makomputa, uye yakaderera, yepakati uye yakakwirira HW zviwanikwa; Isu tichasiira avo vanofarira zvinongedzo zvinotevera kune mamwe ekare ane hukama zvinyorwa. Nenzira yekuti vanogona kuzviongorora zviri nyore, kana zvichidikanwa, mushure mekupedza kuverenga bhuku iri:
"Vashandi vazhinji veLinux vanobvumirana neyazvino yekushambadzira modhi yeanenge ese GNU/Linux Distros. Kureva kuti, Kugoverwa kunopihwa kuburikidza nediki maISO, pakati pe1 kana 2 GB, yekukurumidza kurodha uye kushandisa padiki USB madhiraivha. Yakareruka, minimalist uye monopurpose kugovera. Asi, chii GNU/Linux Distros iripo kune avo vanongoda kushandisa GNU/Linux Distro iyo isiri chiedza, asi yakasimba, kwete minimalist asi yakazara nemaziso akanaka, kwete monopurpose asi yakawanda, uye zviri pachena kuti haisi duku muhukuru asi huru, iyo inopa mukana wekuve nezvakawanda, pasina chinhu kana diki Internet? Distros: Diki, yakajeka, yakapusa uye imwechete-chinangwa kana zvinopesana?
IT kuratidza: Distros yemakomputa kana Makomputa e distros
An IT Reflection pamusoro pekuti komputa inofanira kuiswa sei
Chizvarwa chevanhu: makore makumi maviri nemashanu
Zveizvi IT Reflection tichada a nzira yokuyera inonzwisisika uye inonzwisisika, saka, isu tichashandisa kupera kwe 25 makore. Nguva ino inoita seyakakodzera kwatiri, sezvo ichienderana neavhareji yenguva iyo a chizvarwa chevanhu. Sezvakataurwa paWikipedia:
“Chizvarwa vanhu vose vanoberekwa uye vanogara panguva imwe chete, vanorangarirwa vari pamwe chete. Inogonawo kurondedzerwa seavhareji yenhambo, inowanzorangarirwa kuva makore 20 kusvika ku30, mukati mayo vana vanoberekwa ndokukura, vanova vakuru, uye vanovamba kuva navana.
Zuva rekutanga: 1975
Uyezve, tichada isa zuva rekutanga. Izvo, isu tichatora sekutarisa mazuva ekusika (kutanga) ezvinotevera zvigadzirwa zvetekinoroji:
- Yekutanga Komputa Yemunhu (Kenback-1): 1970
- Chekutanga Operating Systems emakombuta: UNIX mu 1970, MS TWO mu 1980, OS X mu 1984, Windows windows muna 1985, uye Linux: 1991.
Saka, kune yedu kupatsanura chikumbiro, isu tichamisa zvakafanana mu gore 1975, zuva rekuvhara rekutanga kwezvose.
Zvizvarwa zvemakombiyuta zvakarongwa
Zvino, kutanga kubva mugore ra1975 uye munguva yemakore makumi maviri nemashanu, tinogona nyore kugadzira zvinotevera:
- Chizvarwa chekutanga chemakomputa ega: Chizvarwa ichi chinosanganisira iwo makombiyuta anoenda kubva pakutanga kwe1975 kusvika pakupera kwa1999. Aya makombiyuta pasina mubvunzo anogona kuonekwa seasina basa nhasi. Uye pasina mubvunzo, vese vaive 32-bit. Izvo, nekusarudzika, zvinoita kuti zvisagoneke kuisa chero yazvino sisitimu yekushandisa, nenzira ine mwero yakakwana uye inoshanda.
- Chizvarwa chechipiri chemakomputa ega: Chizvarwa ichi chingasanganisira iwo makombiyuta anoenda kubva pakutanga kwegore 2000 kusvika pakupera kwegore 2024. Uye sezvo, makombiyuta akawanda kubva mugore ra2000 kana zvishoma kudarika, anogona kufungwa nhasi, midziyo inoshanda kune mukuru kana muduku. dhigirii, kuKunyange akawanda ari 32-bit kana single core, isu tichapatsanura chizvarwa chazvino chemakomputa emunhu muzvikamu zvitatu zvinotevera.
marudzi emakombiyuta
- Makomputa ekare ane yakaderera HW zviwanikwa: Rudzi urwu rwemakombiyuta runosanganisira ose makombiyuta 32/64 Bit, ayo akabudiswa uye akatengeswa kubva pakutanga kwegore ra2000 kusvika pakupera kwegore ra2009. kubvira, mazhinji akagadziridzwa ne1 CPU Core uye 2 GB ye RAM. Uye iyo yakakura avhareji saizi yemadhiraivha akashandiswa aive 64 GB.
- Makomputa achangoburwa ane zviwanikwa zveHW zvepakati: Mhando iyi yemakomputa inosanganisira ese ayo 32/64 Bit makomputa, ayo akabudiswa uye akatengeswa kubva pakutanga kwegore 2010 kusvika pakupera kwegore 2019. Uyezve, makombiyuta aya anogona kutariswa, nekusarudzika, yepakati zviwanikwa, kubvira, mazhinji akagadziridzwa anosvika mana CPU Cores uye 4 GB ye RAM. Uye iyo yakakura avhareji saizi yema hard drive anoshandiswa ndeye 8 GB.
- Makombiyuta emazuva ano ane zviwanikwa zveHW zvakakwirira: Mhando iyi yemakomputa inosanganisira ese aya ma64-bit makomputa, ayo akagadzirwa uye akatengeswa kubva pakutanga kwegore ra2020, uye achagadzirwa uye kutengeswa kusvika pakupera kwegore ra2024. Pamusoro pezvo, makomputa aya anogona kutariswa, ne default, ine zviwanikwa zvakakwirira, sezvo, mazhinji akagadziridzwa paavhareji, aine 8 CPU Cores uye 16 GB ye RAM, zvichienda mberi. Uye avhareji saizi yeakavakirwa-mukati madhiraivha ari 1TB. Zvakare, mazhinji anouya nekusarudzika aine maGPU akanaka, emukati kana ekunze, uye SSD hard drive.
Chizvarwa chechitatu chemakomputa emunhu
Pasina mubvunzo, izvi zvinotisiya kubva pagore 2024 tinogona kunge tichiona kuzvarwa kwa chizvarwa chitsva uye chechitatu chemakomputa emunhu. Ne kwete tekinoroji nyowani chete, asi tekinoroji dzakasimba, dzinoenderana zvakadzika kune ichangoburwa uye nyowani shanduko yetekinoroji. Naizvozvo, tinogona kunge tiri pamusuwo wemakomputa edu, ne hardware zvikamu kana software modules zvichibva pane zvazvino revolutionary technologies, zvakadai se:
- Inokurumidza, inoshanda zvakanyanya maCPU, maGPU, RAM uye maDisks ane yakakura kugadzirisa uye kuchengetedza kugona.
- Zvizhinji uye zvirinani processors zvakavakirwa paARM neRISC.
- Tsigiro nyowani ye128-bit zvivakwa uye quantum computing.
- Kubatanidzwa kweArtificial Intelligence chips uye Neural Networks.
- Kuenderana kweyakakwira-kumhanya 5G uye 6G network.
- Kuwedzeredza kwazvino kubatanidzwa neyakagadziriswa uye makore matekinoroji, akadai seBlockchain uye DeFi (Cryptocurrencies, NFTs uye Metaverses) uye Virtual, Augmented uye Mixed Reality marudzi.
Nezve GNU / Linux
Tichifunga zvese izvi, chokwadi vazhinji kubva zvino zvichienda mberi, semuenzaniso, kana uchifunga nezve yakakodzera GNU/Linux Distro yekombuta yekare kana imwe ine yakaderera hardware zviwanikwa, ichave nemaitiro emazuva uye hardware zvinodiwa kuti zvivake pazviri.
Somuenzaniso, ndinoshandisa a Respin (Rarama uye Inogoneka Snapshot) iyo yakavakirwa pa MX Linux (vhezheni 21) uye Debian GNU / Linux (vhezheni 11), ane zita rinonzi Zvishamiso, uye inoenda zvakanaka pakombuta ichangoburwa ine yepakati HW zviwanikwa. Sezvinoratidzwa newebhusaiti yayo yepamutemo:
"MilagrOS GNU/Linux ndeye unofficial edition (Respin) yeDistro MX-Linux. Izvo zvinouya nekunyanyisa kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa, izvo zvinoita kuti ive yakanaka kune 64-bit, yemazuva ano uye yepakati / yepamusoro-yekupedzisira makomputa. Uye zvakare yakanakira vashandisi vasina kana kushomeka kweInternet kugona, uye zvishoma kana zvine mwero ruzivo rweGNU/Linux. Kana yangowanikwa (yakarodha) uye yaiswa, inogona kushandiswa zvinobudirira uye nemazvo pasina kudiwa kweInternet, sezvo zvese zvinodiwa uye zvimwe zvakafanoiswa.".
Resumen
Muchidimbu, tinovimba kuti ichi chinonakidza chidiki “IT Reflection» bvumira vazhinji kuti vave nemuenzaniso kana zvasvika sarudza komputa nenzira kwayo. Pamwe sekombuta chekare, chazvino kana chazvinouye yakaderera, yepakati kana yakakwirira hardware zviwanikwa. Nokuda kweizvi, uye zvakafanana, kuisa kana kukurudzira kuiswa a Kugoverwa kweGNU / Linux yakakodzera, maererano ne kushandiswa kana zvishoma zvinodiwa yeumwe neumwe.
Tinovimba kuti chinyorwa ichi chinobatsira zvikuru kune vese «Comunidad de Software Libre, Código Abierto y GNU/Linux». Uye usakanganwe kutaura pazviri pazasi, uye ugovane nevamwe pamawebhusaiti ako aunofarira, chiteshi, mapoka kana nharaunda dzesocial network kana mameseji masisitimu. Pakupedzisira, shanyira peji yedu yekumba pa «DesdeLinux» kuongorora dzimwe nhau, uye kujoina yedu yepamutemo chiteshi Teregiramu ye DesdeLinux, Madokero boka kuti uwane mamwe mashoko pamusoro penyaya yacho.
Chinyorwa chinonakidza, kunyangwe kutanga muna 1975 kunoratidzika kunge kwakapokana.Chikonzero ndechekuonekwa kweiyo yakaderera-inodhura Altair processor (intel 8008 clone), iyo yakabvumira kugadzirwa kwemaPC anodhura, akadai seApple II uye Commodore 64.
Muna 1970, kutaridzika kwedatapoint, yekutanga PC ine skrini uye qwerty keyboard, inoita seyakakosha kwandiri.
Muna 1981 yekutanga graphical OS inooneka, iyo xenon-altos, iyo Mabasa akakopa yeapuro.
Taura zvakare iyo Thinkpad ya1991 (yekutanga laptop) uye kuzvarwa kweinternet gore rimwe chetero.
Pane nzira dzakati wandei dzekunzwisisa zvizvarwa zvePC.Kana bhazi rekugadzirisa rikatariswa, vangave 8, 16, 32 uye 64 bits. Kana ikatorwa semiconductor tekinoroji (sezvazvinoita sezvaunoita), isu tinenge tine chizvarwa che micro-semiconductors uye nano-semiconductors (ikozvino dhizaini yePC iri mu7nm). Inotevera ndeye pico-semiconductors uye zvinoita sekunge ARM iri kutungamira iyo tekinoroji.
Ini pachangu ndinoda kuona linux ichitevera nzira yakafanana kune chrome os (inobvumira nharembozha kuti iiswe nyore uye kushandiswa), kunzwisisa kuti maPC ane touch screens ndiwo anozokunda. Zvakadaro, chinyorwa chakanaka, kwaziso kubva kuMexico.
Zvakaita Herbert. Ndatenda nekutaura kwako uye nekupa kukuru kunyaya yakakurukurwa, kunyanya maererano nemazuva akakosha pakuvandudzwa uye kushandiswa kwemakomputa emunhu.