Kushandiswa kwemahara software muHurumende, chikamu II

Chikamu chechipiri chekuongorora kwakazara pamusoro pekushandiswa kwesoftware yemahara muHurumende, nezvakanakira pamusoro pekushandiswa kwesoftware yekambani. Vaya vasingakwanise kuverenga chikamu chekutanga, vanogona kuchiwana kubva pano.

Software uye Kushanda Kugona

Kamwe kana komputa ikaziviswa kune rimwe basa, inotanga kuve yakakosha. Izvi zvinonyanya nekuti data rakachengetwa padhijitari midhiya, kusiyana neiyo yakanyorwa pabepa, haigone kutsanangura kana komputa isiri kushanda. Neichi chikonzero, zvakakosha kuti hunyanzvi nzira dzekugadzirisa dhata dzinowanikwa kune mushandisi, zvikasadaro haakwanise kuzadzisa basa rake.

"Sisitimu yakarova"

Hapana munhu anoshamiswa nekurasikirwa nemaawa ebasa nekuti ivo vaifanira kutangazve yavo system, kana kuti yavo data inonyangarika (pamwe neiyo yevamwe vashandi) nekuda kwekuita kwehutachiona, kana mitsetse yakamira nekuti komputa haina kupindura. Mushandisi akarega basa, uye anotambira matambudziko aya sechikamu chemutengo wekubhadhara chishandiso. Nekudaro, hapana chimwe chekukundikana uku kuri mumakomputa: iwo anongova iwo maratidziro anooneka ekushomeka kwemushandisi-wekupedzisira mukutarisana nekutadza kwemaitiro paasina simba pamusoro pavo, uye nezvavanotarisira kuita basa ravo. .

Uku kushomeka kwekutonga kunosvika kumatunhu anotyisa. Tora semuenzaniso iyo pasipoti yekuburitsa system yeFederal Police. Kana maArgentina anogara kunze kwenyika aine mwana munyika inotongwa neveJus Sanguinis, ngatitii Germany, mwana haasi weArgentina kana wechiGerman, haana nyika. Germany inoramba kuburitsa pasipoti yemwana. Argentina inoitepfenyura, asi kana ichipinda murudzi rwemwana, chirongwa ichi hachina "sarudzo", ndosaka ichizivikanwa seGerman, danho risingamanikidzike sekuritumidza sechiHindu. Muchidimbu, isu pano tine kesi umo kukanganisa kweiyo software chirongwa kunogadzirisa mutemo.

Yemahara Software Inokutendera Kuti Uite Zvakakodzera uye Zvakaringana

Kiyi yekushanda iri mukutonga. Yemahara software inowanzo kuve yakasimba kwazvo kupfuura vamwe vayo vemba nekuda kwekuti kana vashandisi vawana chinokanganisa vanogona kuchigadzirisa (kana kuchigadzirisa) zvinoenderana nezvavanoda. Uye sezvo kururamisa kuri pachena, sepurogiramu yekutanga, zvakaringana kune mumwe mushandisi pasi pano kuti awane mvumo yekugadzirisa dambudziko kuitira kuti rigadziriswe kune vamwe vese. Mushandisi anogona kuchinjisa chirongwa ichi kune zvaanoda asingabvunze chero munhu mvumo, kusarudza nguva dzakatarwa, mabhajeti uye vanotengesa zvinoenderana nezvaanogona nezvaanokoshesa, nekugadzirisa matambudziko ake kamwe chete uye zvachose, pane kuramba achirwa navo zuva nezuva.

Mutengo weSoftware

Iyo software haingobhadhare mutengo wekutenga rezinesi. Izvo zvakare zvakaoma kuchengetedza, kushanda, kugadzirisa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti mushandisi akwanise kuchengeta izvi zvinodhura pasi pekutonga, zvikasadaro vanogona kudzivirirwa kuita zvinangwa zvavo, nekuda kwekurongwa zvisina kurongwa.

Yemahara Software ndeyaMushandisi

Tsananguro yakanaka yesoftware yemahara, mhedzisiro yakanangana nehunhu hwatakakurukura nezvazvo, ndeyekuti kushandiswa kwayo kuri mahara: chero munhu anayo musimba rake anogona kuishandisa kakawanda sezvavanoda, pamamashini akawanda sezvavanoda, kune chero zvinangwa zvavanoda. Nenzira iyi, uchishandisa mahara software, mushandisi anosunungurwa kubva pane chero kutsamira kune mumwe mupi, uye anogona kudzora kukura kwayo nekushanda pamwe nekuzvitonga kuzere, asingatyi mari yakavanzwa kana kupamba.

Muridzi weBhora

Kwese kusanzwisisika kwekukanganisa kwesoftware yekambani zvine chekuita nesoftware yemahara yatakadudzira inoshandura kurasikirwa kwezvinhu zvemari kune mushandisi, maererano nemaawa ekushanda akarasika, kushomeka kwemaitiro ekuita, zvisarudzo zvekumanikidzwa, kuvimba kwetekinoroji, kusachengeteka kwedata, kugadzirisa zvisina basa. , nezvimwe. Kuwedzerwa kune izvi ndezvemari yekupa marezinesi, ese ari maviri anogona kuvanzika.

Iyo yakatemwa yekushandisa rezinesi iri pasi payo software yekutengesa haina kungodhura chete, asi zvakare inoisa mushandisi mune kuwanda kwematambudziko. Semuenzaniso, chisungo chekubhadhara mupiki wesisitimu zvakare nguva imwe neimwe painowedzera mashandiro ayo, kunyangwe hazvo isingape chero chinhu chitsva. Zvakatoipisisa, mupi anomanikidza mutengi kuti aite ongororo yake ega maererano nekushandisa chaiko kwemalayisensi. Dambudziko iri rinowedzeredzwa nekushaikwa kwezvakapihwa, nemuridzi wekopi, emidziyo inoshanda kudzora mashandisirwo esoftware, kuitira kuti, sekuwanda kwenhamba yemachina nevashandisi, uku kudzora kumwe chete inova inodhura uye inodhura, kusvikira yapfuura mutengo weiyo rezinesi.

Muchidimbu: zvakanakira zvakapfava. mahara

Kamwe kana misoro yapfuura yaongororwa, zvinodikanwa kuti uenzanise pakati pemhando mbiri dze software (yemahara neyemidziyo), zvichibva pamatanho matanhatu: mashandiro, kuvimbika, kushanda, kugona, kugadzikana kwekuchengetedza uye kutakurika.

1 Kushanda

"Kushanda" kugona kwesoftware kuzadzisa zvido zvevashandisi. Nekuti yega yega software ine mamirioni evashandisi ekugutsa, ese emahara uye epamhepo software akagadziridzwa zvikuru (kunyange hazvo GNU / Linux akazviita munguva shoma shoma).

Kana zvasvika kuhofisi software (iyo iyo vazhinji vedu yatinoshandisa), Microsoft Office ine zvimwe zvinhu. Nekudaro, vashandisi havaone musiyano neOpenOffice (yemahara), nekuti vanhu vazhinji vanoshandisa chete ekutanga maturusi, ayo anowanikwa muzvirongwa zvese izvi. Muchiitiko chedhatabhesi manejimendi masystem, software yekudyara ine zvayakanakira, asi kunyangwe izvi, kune vazhinji vashandisi vezvirongwa iyi yemahara vhezheni inogona zvakare kukwana.

Imwe bhenefiti yemahara software zvine chekuita nemuridzi ndeyekuti masisitimu ayo akaenzana, ndiko kuti, ane kubatana kukuru. Chii chinonzi kusabatana? Iko kugona kwesisitimu yekuchinjana ruzivo neumwe musiyano. Izvi hazviitike nepropathiary software, nekuti inochengetedza ruzivo nezve zvemukati zvemukati zvehurongwa hwako zvakavanzika, uye zvinonetsa kuti zviwirirane nezvimwe zvigadzirwa.

2. Kuvimbika

Komputa yako yakambo "rovera" here? Mune komputa, "kuvimbika" ndiko kugona kwesoftware kuvimbika, ndokuti, kugona kwayo kutsungirira kutadza uye kupora mumashure mavo. Munguva yakapfuura, uku kwaive kushoropodza kwakanyanya kweWindows masisitimu maringe neGNU / Linux, kunyangwe izvozvi zvave nani zvakanyanya, kusvika pakuti, pakushandisa hofisi, panenge pasina mutsauko. Kana zvasvika kune yepamusoro-yekuita dhatabhesi manejimendi masystem, proprietary software iri nani.

3. Usability

Munguva yedu, mushure mekushanduka kwemakomputa ako wega, kushandisa software kunofanirwa kuve nyore sezvinobvira. Panyaya iyi, software yepfuma ichine mukana pane yemahara, asi mutsauko uri mushoma uye zvishoma. Muchokwadi, zvinofungidzirwa kuti mushandisi mutsva weOpenOffice anongoda maawa mashoma ekutsvagisa kuti atange kuburitsa magwaro zviri nyore: zvinoonekwa, GNU / Linux yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya zvekuti inogona kukwikwidza neiyo ichangoburitswa Windows Vista, mutsivi weWindows XP.

4 Kubudirira

Sezvinoreva zita rayo, "kushanda" ndiko kugona kwechirongwa chekushandisa zvakanakisa zvivakwa zvine PC (RAM ndangariro, CPU, diski nzvimbo). Munyika dzine urombo, dzakadai sePeru, makomputa anowanzo kuve echinyakare: izvi zvinoreva kuti vane nzvimbo diki yekuchengetedza dhata uye RAM shoma Nesoftware yepfuma, zvinoonekwa zvitsva zvinoda zviwanikwa zvirinani - haugone kuisa Windows Vista paPentium 1 - asi muGNU / Linux pane sarudzo dzakasiyana, zvichienderana nezera rePC.

5. Kurerukirwa kwekuchengetedza

Iyo software inofanirwa kushandurwa, sezvo nguva inopfuura, kuti ugone kupindura zvakakwana kune zvitsva zvinodiwa. Izvi zvinodaidzwa kuti "kugadzirisa" kana "kugadzirisa." Panyaya yepropathiary software, sezvo kodhi yekodhi isiri yeruzhinji, kambani ndiyo yega inogona kuita izvi zvidzoreso uye, zvine musoro, hazviite nekukumbira kwemushandisi wega wega, asi kana iyo kambani pachayo inoronga kuzviita. .

Zvinoitika nesoftware yemahara zvakasiyana. Nekuti iyo kodhi kodhi iri yeruzhinji, pane nzira dzinoverengeka dzekugadzirisa zvinyorwa: masangano anogona kusarudza, semuenzaniso, kuti avo madhipatimendi eIT agadzirise kodhi zvinoenderana nezvavanoda; asi ivo vanogona zvakare kuhaya kambani kuti iite iyo inodikanwa kugadzirisa. Kutenda izvo, yemahara software inokunda iyi kutenderera. 

Software neHurumende

Iyo nharo yakadudzwa inoshanda kune ese marudzi ese makuru uye madiki masangano. Asi chii mukuzvimiririra kuita mabhizimusi kuri nyore, nekuti Hurumende inova yakakosha. Hurumende inopa ruzivo rweveruzhinji uye zvakavanzika nezvevagari, uye panguva imwe chete midziyo yevagari. Kusachengeteka kwemukati mu "chakavanzika" mashandiro epurogiramu software zvinoreva kufumura iyi data kune njodzi isingabvumike yekubiwa nekushandurwa.

Zvakare kubva kune yemagariro uye zvine hungwaru nzvimbo yekutarisa, kushandiswa kwemahara software kwakakosha. Ndiyo chete nzira yekuvimbisa kwete chete demokrasi yekuwana ruzivo neHurumende masisitimu, asiwo kukwikwidza kwemuno software indasitiri, ingangove sosi yebasa ine yakakwira kukosha kukosha.. Isu tinotenda zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti iyi haisi nzira yekudzivirira: zvisinei nekwakatangira, inyaya yekupa mukana software iyo rezinesi rinokurudzira kutora chikamu pamwe nekubatana kwevanyanzvi mune zvakatipoteredza pane kuvasarudzira, uku uchikurudzira makwikwi.

Iyo inomuka tekinoroji kutsamira pane hunhu hwechengetedzo software zviri pachena isingagamuchirwe kuhurumende. Kune atove nemasangano anomonyanisa iyo mitemo kuti ienderane neiyo software yavakavatengesa. Vateresi vanomanikidzwa kutenga software yeimwe mhando uye modhi yechinangwa chega chekusangana nemitero yedu yemitero. Hurumende inoburitswa pachena kuburikidza neruzivo rwaakachengetera muzvivakwa zvemakambani, kukanganisa kuburikidza nekukanganisa nemaune, uye zvese izvi kunyangwe hazvo maturusi neruzivo runodiwa zviripo kuti vadzivirirwe kumatambudziko aya.

Hurumende, nekuda kwehukuru hwayo uye nebasa rayo semubati wezvinhu zvakajairika, inonyanya kutyisidzirwa nenjodzi dzesoftware, uchiri pachinhanho chakakosha kuti ubatsirwe nezvakanakira software yemahara, uyezve kubatsira mukusimudzira kwayo. Tora, semuenzaniso, mapurovhinzi, ese akatanga zvirongwa zvinodhura kwazvo zvemakomputa, izvo zvinogona kuumba musangano wekudyidzana kugadzirisa mhinduro yemahara kumatambudziko avo, uye kuigovana pakati pevose. Nyika yeNyika iri mumamiriro akafanana, kana tichivimba nenyaya yekuti zvikamu zvakasiyana zvedunhu rimwe zvinoda marezinesi ekushandisa software yekuwedzera.

Source:

• http://proposicion.org.ar/doc/razones.html, por Federico Heinz.
• Wikipedia.