Maitiro ekudzivirira GRUB ne password (Linux)

Isu tinowanzo shandisa chikamu chakanaka chenguva yedu pa kudzivirira kupinda kusingatenderwi kuzvikwata zvedu: tinogadzira firewalls, mvumo yemushandisi, ACL, tinogadzira mapassword akasimba, nezvimwe. asi isu hatiwanzo rangarira chengetedza kutanga kwemidziyo yedu. Kana munhu aine mukana wekupinda mukomputa, vanogona kuitangazve uye chinja GRUB parameter kuwana maneja kuwana iyo komputa. Ingo wedzera '1' kana 's' kumagumo kweGRUB 'kernel' mutsara kuti uwane iyo mhando yekuwana.

Kuti udzivise izvi, unogona kuchengetedza GRUB nekushandisa password, kuitira kuti kana isingazivikanwe, hazvigoneke kugadzirisa ayo parameter.

Kana iwe uine GRUB boot loader yakaiswa (inova yakajairika kana iwe ukashandisa inonyanya kuzivikanwa Linux kugoverwa), unogona kuchengetedza yega yega kupinda mune GRUB menyu ne password. Nenzira iyi, pese paunosarudza sisitimu yekushandisa kubhoot, inokumbira iwe password yawatsanangura kuitira kuti ubhure system. Uye sebhonasi, kana komputa yako ikabiwa, vapambi havazokwanisa kuwana mafaera ako. Zvinonzwika zvakanaka, handiti?

GRUB-2

Kune yega yega yeGrub yekupinda, mushandisi anogona kuvakwa aine rombo rekugadzirisa iwo marongero ezvinyorwa izvo GRUB inoonekwa panotanga system, kunze kweiyo superuser (iye anokwanisa kuwana modhiyo Grub nekudzvanya iyo "e" kiyi). Tichaita izvi mufaira /etc/grub.d/00_header. Isu tinovhura iyo faira neyedu anodiwa mupepeti

sudo nano /etc/grub.d/00_header

Pakupedzisira namatidza zvinotevera:

katsi < < EOF
set superusers = "mushandisi1"
password mushandisi1 password1
EOF

Iko mushandisi1 ari superuser, semuenzaniso:

katsi < < EOF
seta superusers = "superuser"
superuser password 123456
EOF

Kugadzira vamwe vashandisi, wedzera ivo pazasi:

superuser password 123456

Zvinotaridzika zvakanyanya kana zvishoma seinotevera:

katsi < < EOF
set superusers = "superuser"
superuser password 123456
password mushandisi2 7890
EOF

Kana tangoisa vashandisi vatinoda, tinochengetedza shanduko.

Chengetedza Windows 

Kuti uchengetedze Windows, unofanira kugadzirisa faira /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober.

sudo nano /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober

Tarisa mutsara wekodhi inoti:

menyuentry "$ {LONGNAME} (pa $ {DEVICE})" {

Inofanira kutaridzika seichi (superuser riri zita remusimudziri):

menyuentry "$ {LONGNAME} (pa $ {DEVICE})" - vashandisi superuser {

 
Sevha shanduko uye unomhanya:

sudo update-grub

Ndakavhura iyo faira / boot / grub / grub.cfg:

sudo nano /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Uye iko iko kupinda kweWindows (chimwe chinhu chakadai):

menyuentry "Windows XP Professional" {

chinja icho ichi (mushandisi2 riri zita remushandisi aine mikana yekuwana):

menyuentry "Windows XP Professional" - vashandisi mushandisi2 {

Dzorera uye enda. Zvino, iwe paunoyedza kupinda muWindows inokumbira iwe password. Ukadzvanya kiyi "e", ichabvunzawo password.

Chengetedza Linux

Kuchengetedza zvinyorwa zveLinux kernel gadzirisa iyo faira /etc/grub.d/10_linux, uye tsvaga mutsara unoti:

menyuentry "$ 1" {

Kana iwe uchingoda chete kuti superuser agone kuiwana, inofanira kutaridzika seiyi:

menyuentry "$ 1" - vashandisi mushandisi1 {

Kana iwe uchida wechipiri mushandisi kugona kuwana:

menyuentry "$ 1" - vashandisi mushandisi2 {

Iwe unogona zvakare kuchengetedza iyo yekupinda kubva mundangariro cheki nekugadzirisa iyo /etc/grub.d/20_memtest faira:

menyuentry "Chiyeuchidzo bvunzo (memtest86 +)" - vashandisi superuser {

Chengetedza zvese zvakanyorwa

Kuchengetedza zvese zvinopinda zvinomhanya:

sudo sed -i -e '/ ^ menyuentry / s / {/ –users superuser {/' /etc/grub.d/10_linux /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober / etc / grub.d / 40_custom

Kugadzirisa nhanho iyi, mhanya:

sudo sed -i -e '/ ^ menyuentry / s / –users superuser [/ B] {/ {/' /etc/grub.d/10_linux /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ /etc/grub.d/30_os- prober /etc/grub.d/40_custom

GRUB

Ngatitangei nekuvhura iyo GRUB nharaunda. Ndakavhura terminal ndokunyora kuti:

grub

Ipapo, ini ndakapinda unotevera kuraira:

md5crypt

Ichakubvunza iwe password yaunoda kushandisa. Nyora iyo uye perison Enter. Iwe unowana password yakavharidzirwa, iyo yaunofanirwa kuchengeta zvakanyatsonaka. Iye zvino, nemvumo yemutungamiriri, ini ndakavhura iyo / boot / grub / menyu.lst neyaunoda mavara edhitaita:

sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

Kuti uise pasiwedhi kune GRUB menyu menyu zvaunofarira, iwe unofanirwa kuwedzera zvinotevera kune chimwe nechimwe chezvauri kuda kudzivirira:

password --md5 my_password

Iko my_password ingave iri (yakavharidzirwa) password yakadzoserwa ne md5crypt:

zita Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.8.1-2-386 (yekudzoreredza modhi)
mudzi (hd1,2)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.8.1-2-386 mudzi = / dev / hdb3 ro isina
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.8.1-2-386

Mushure me:

zita Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.8.1-2-386 (yekudzoreredza modhi)
mudzi (hd1,2)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.8.1-2-386 mudzi = / dev / hdb3 ro isina
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.8.1-2-386
password –md5 $1$w7Epf0$vX6rxpozznLAVxZGkcFcs

Sevha iyo faira uye reboot. Izvo zviri nyore! Kuti udzivise, kwete chete kuti munhu ane hasha anogona kushandura maratidziro ekupinda kwakachengetedzwa, asi zvakare kuti havagone kutanga iyo system, iwe unogona kuwedzera mutsetse mune "yakachengetedzwa" yekupinda, mushure meiyo paramende yemusoro. Kutevedzera muenzaniso wedu, zvaizotaridza chimwe chinhu seichi:

zita Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.8.1-2-386 (yekudzoreredza modhi)
kiya
mudzi (hd1,2)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.8.1-2-386 mudzi = / dev / hdb3 ro isina
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.8.1-2-386
password –md5 $1$w7Epf0$vX6rxpozznLAVxZGkcFcs

Inotevera nguva apo mumwe munhu anoda kutanga iyo system, ivo vanofanirwa kuisa iyo password.

mabviro: delanover & makeuseof & Ubuntu Foramu & elavdeveloper