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OpenStreetMap inopa uye inobvumidza iwe kugadzira iyo enzvimbo dhata senge mepu dzemumigwagwa, nezvimwe. zvakasununguka kuitira kuti chero munhu azviwane. Iyo projekiti yakagadzirwa nekuti yakawanda ye mepu yatinoshandisa mahara uye izvo zvatinotenda kuti "zvakasununguka", muchokwadi, vanovanza hunyanzvi uye zviri pamutemo zvirambidzo zvekushandisa, Kudzivirira vanhu kushandisa iyo data zvine hungwaru uye zvine pundutso.
Ini ndaiyiyedza uye chokwadi ndechekuti zvakadaro hazvifadze asi zvichinyatso kuvimbisa. Ivo vedu vanoziva simba reakavhurika masystem uye vanoziva zvakanakira izvi, tinogona kuona kugona kweprojekiti ine hunhu uye kukosha kwekuve neruzivo ruzivo. |
Chii chinonzi OpenStreetMap?
OpenStreetMap (inozivikanwawo seOSM) chirongwa chekubatana kugadzira mamapu akasununguka uye anogadzirisika. Mamepu akagadzirwa achishandisa ruzivo rwenharaunda rwakatorwa nenharembozha dzeGPS, orthophotos, uye zvimwe zvemahara. Iyo cartography, pamwe chete nemifananidzo yakagadzirwa seiyo vector data yakachengetwa mudura rayo, inoparadzirwa pasi peCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 rezinesi
MunaNdira 2010, chirongwa ichi chaive nevashandisi vanodarika mazana maviri ezviuru vakanyoreswa, avo vangangoita zviuru gumi nezviviri vachigadzirisa mudhatabhesi mwedzi wega wega. Huwandu hwevashandisi hunowanzo kupetwa pamwedzi mishanu yega yega. Vashandisi vakanyoreswa vanogona kurodha matraki avo kubva kuGPS uye vagadzire uye vagadzirise vector data vachishandisa ekugadzirisa maturusi akagadzirwa nenharaunda yeOverStreetMap.
Zuva rega rega makiromita makumi maviri nemashanu emigwagwa nemigwagwa zvinowedzerwa neinosvika 25.000 km yemigwagwa, izvo pasina kuwedzera mamwe marudzi e data (mapoinzi ezvekufarira, zvivakwa, nezvimwewo). Saizi yedhatabhesi (inonzi planet.osminopfuura 160 gigabytes (6,1 GB ine bzip2 compression), ichiwedzera zuva nezuva neanosvika gumi megabytes eakadzvanywa data.
Dhatabhesi iri kupfuma sei?
Iko kuunganidzwa kweruzivo "mumunda" kunoitwa nevazvipiri, avo vanofunga mupiro weprojekiti seyakajairika hobby. Kushandisa nzendo dzavo netsoka, nebhasikoro kana nemotokari uye vachishandisa GPS, vari kutora matanho uye nzira dzekushandisa, vachishandisawo notepad, rekodhi yezwi kana kamera kurekodha ruzivo rwakabatana neaya matanho kana mapoinzi ezvekufarira. mifananidzo yemadhijitari. Ivo zvakare vanowanzo bvunzurudza vapfuuri neruzivo rwavo rwemuno nezve ruzivo rwakanangana nezvenzvimbo iyo isingazivikanwe (mazita emigwagwa, mafambiro emigwagwa, nezvimwewo).
Veruzhinji zvinyorwa zvinyorwa
Kuvapo kana kuburitswa kweruzhinji ruzivo kubva kumasangano ehurumende ane mhando yerayisensi inowirirana neiyo yeOpenStreetMap kwakabvumidza ruzivo urwu rwemahara kuunzwa mudura reprojekti. Nekudaro, rwakawanda ruzivo rwune chekuita neUnited States runobva kune aya marudzi enzvimbo, uko mitemo inoda kuti hurumende yemubatanidzwa iite kuti data rive pachena. Iyi ndiyo kesi ye:
- Mifananidzo kubva kuLandsat 7 satellite.
- Iyo vector inovhara yePrototype Global Shorelines (PGS).
- TIGER dhata kubva kuUS Census Bureau.
Vakuru vakasiyana vemunharaunda vakaburitsa mifananidzo yavo yemumhepo nekuita kuti iwanikwe kuruzhinji kuburikidza neOpenAerialMap.
MuSpain, iyo National Geographic Institute (IGN), boka reruzhinji rinotarisira kugadzira, kuchengetedza uye kushambadzira zviri pamutemo mapikicha munyika, yakachinja muna Kubvumbi 2008.
Dhata fomati
OpenStreetMap inoshandisa dhizaini yedhata dhizaini. Iyo data inochengetwa muWGS84 lat / lon datum (EPSG: 4326) kubva Kufungidzira kwaMercator. Zvinhu zvekutanga zve OSM mepu ndeizvi:
- Node. Iwo iwo mapoinzi anounganidza yakapihwa nzvimbo yenzvimbo.
- Nzira. Iwo iwo runyorwa rwema node anomiririra polyline kana polygon.
- Hukama. Iwo mapoka enzvimbo, nzira uye humwe hukama kune izvo zvimwe zvivakwa zvinogona kupihwa.
- Iwo ma tag. Ivo vanokwanisa kugoverwa kunzvimbo, nzira kana hukama uye ine kiyi uye kukosha (ex: mugwagwa mukuru = trunk).
Iyo ontology yemepu maficha (kunyanya zvinoreva zvinyorwa) inochengetwa newiki.
Kubva pane data reiyo OpenStreetMap chirongwa, hazvingogone chete kugadzira mepu dzemigwagwa, asiwo kugadzirwa kwemamepu ekukwira, mepu dzebhasikoro, mepu dzechikepe. Izvo zvinoshandiswa zvakare mukushandisa kwekuverenga nzira dzakaringana dzemotokari nevanofamba netsoka. Kutenda kune iro rezenisi rakavhurika, data mbishi rinowanikwa zvakasununguka mukuvandudzwa kwemamwe mafomu
Ndekupi kwandingawane rumwe ruzivo uye ndione mamapu?
Kuti uongorore nyaya iyi, ndinokurudzira kuti ushanyire iyo OpenStreetMap wiki.
Usakanganwa ona mamapu mune yako internet browser, seGoogle Mepu.
Rondedzero yemapurogiramu anomhanya paLinux kushandisa OpenStreetMap
- gps dhiraivha yekufambisa system yemota (mabhasikoro, magwa, ndege). Parizvino, mumiriri wechinzvimbo pamepu uye mamwe mabasa mazhinji anoitwa. GpsDrive inoratidza chinzvimbo chako chakapihwa neye GPS inogamuchira neNMEA kugona, pamepu inowoneka. Mamepu anosarudzwa otomatiki zvichienderana nenzvimbo. Iwe unogona kugadzirisa chiyero chakasarudzika, icho chirongwa chinoedza kuwana kubva kumamepu aripo.
- JOSH (Java OpenStreetMap Edhi muchidimbu chayo muChirungu) ndeimwe yemapepanhau makuru ekushambadzira asiri paOptStreetMap. Iyo yakapfuma mupepeti kunyanya yakanangana nevanoziva vashandisi veOSM. Zvinoda kuedza kushoma uye kugadzirisa. Asi kana iwe uchifunga kuve muhombe OSM mupiro, zvakakodzera nguva yekujaira.
- Merkaartor, imwe isina mapaiti mhariri yakavakirwa paQt. Pamwe chete neJOSM, zvaiita senge yakanyanya kunaka sarudzo.
- mkgmap inoshandura mepu mune OSM fomati, zvinova zvinoshandisa OpenStreetMap, kune IMG fomati, inoshandiswa naGarmin GPS.
- gosmore inowona mepu yeOSM, seiya inoshandiswa naOpenStreetMap. Inotsigira angangoita ese masisitimu anoshanda (Linux, FreeBSD, Mac OS X, Windows, Windows CE, Maemo, nezvimwewo)
Pasina chinangwa chekugumbura chero munhu, ibasa rinoitwa, asi kutaura chokwadi ndinofunga kuti mamepu akavhurika emigwagwa achiri kushaya zvakawanda zvekukwikwidza negoogle, chimwe chinhu chandisina kufarira ndechekuti mamapu anotora maawa kuratidza shanduko uye kuti haina zvibereko.