Pamusoro 10: Linux Kugovaniswa kwe2015

Kutanga iyi 2016, zvakakodzera kuyeuka kuti yakanakisa sei 2015 yaive yenzvimbo yeLinux uye iyo Open Source nyika.

Pane ino nguva isu tinoda kutaura zvakanakisa kugoverwa kweLinux iyo 2015 yatisiyira.

Tanga iyo yepamusoro 10!

Zvekuparadzirwa komputa mugore: Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS

Kumwe kwekuparadzirwa kunonyanya kuzivikanwa, uko vazhinji vanofarira Linux vanotanga nako, kuwanda uye kufunga seyakajairika nhasi. Iyo yakavakirwa paDebian uye inokwanisa kumhanya pane anotevera maumbirwo:

• x86
• Zvamunoda
• SPARC
• ruoko

Nekuitwa kwayo mu Cloud services, zvakakosha kuti uzive izvo Ubuntu inokurudzirwa neMicrosoft seyakanakisa kugovera kweLinux yeMicrosoft Azure. Ubuntu inotungamirwa ne 65% yeOverStack makore; Kutenda kuCanonical kupa kuisirwa kweUbuntu maseva muOpenstack nechombo autopilot. Pamusoro peiyo yakazara seti yezvishandiso zvakagadziriswa neCanonical yekutonga kwegore.

Uyezve ine Juju, katarogu yemasevhisi, inokurumidza kuisa, pre-yakagadzirirwa chero gore rinotsigirwa neUbuntu.

Vamwe vevatengi vanoshandisa ino Ubuntu sevhisi vanosanganisira: Sky, Yahoo Japan, Deutsche Telekom, Bloomberg, Lexis Nexis, Samsung, EBay, WalMart, Cisco, Rarama Munhu, pakati pevamwe

Kune maseva: OpenSuse Leap 42.1

Inofungidzirwa yekutanga "chemasanganiswa" kugoverwa, zvichibva pamabhinari Shandisa Linux Enterprise (SLE), inosanganisa yakanakisa pakati pekuchengetedza uye kugadzikana kweKambani uye nehunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi hweNharaunda.

Iyo OpenSuse yekumisikidza maitiro inobatsirwa zvizere, graphical uye intuitive. Kubvumira kumisikidza iyo sisitimu yezvinangwa zvakanangana kubva kune iyo inosimudza, iyo ichaita kumisikidza uye kugadzirisa kwepakeji otomatiki

Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti yatove nekugadziriswa uye kugadzirisa izvo zvichabatanidzwa muSLE 12 SP1, pamusoro pekuti Suse akataura kuti zvimwe zvekuvandudzwa kweshanduro yebhizimusi zvakare inosvika OpenSuse, ichipa chengetedzo uye kugadzikana kunotarisirwa kubva chikamu kugovera. bhizinesi.

Thanks  YaST (Iyo inozivikanwa nzvimbo yekudzora) uye michini (sisitimu yekutsanangura chishandiso, yekudzokorora uye kutama), iko kugadzirwa uye manejimendi emaseva zvinogona kuitwa zvirinani uye nyore.

Kutenda kune rusununguko uye kugadzikana kwazvinopa OpenSuse Leap 42.1, Ndiko kurudziro yedu kuti ishandiswe mumaseva.

Zvemitambo: Steam OS

Yakagadzirwa neiyo vhidhiyo mutambo hofori vharafu, seyesisitimu yekushandisa yekunyaradza zvichibva paDebian. Yakakwana yemahara uye yakagadzirwa (pakutanga) yezvinyaradzo Mishini yekupfungaira; kusanganiswa pakati pemidziyo kana makomputa ekushandisa wega, nemavhidhiyo emitambo yekunyaradza.

Iwe unozogona kutamba neakasiyana ekushambadzira mapuratifomu uye iwe uchave nekugona kumazana emitambo inoenderana neSteamOS.

Iwe unokwanisa kuwana raibhurari yemitambo, zvese zvemahara uye zvakabhadharwa. Kugadziriswa kuri nyore kune yakasarudzika Hardware senge  Steam Link, iyo inobvumidza kutsvaga chero michina iri kushandisa Steam pane yako network, nenzira iyi mutambo uchave inoparadzirwa nekombuta kuTV, ine odhiyo uye vhidhiyo dhata munguva chaiyo. Hapana chakaomarara uye chiri nyore kwazvo kuita kana iwe uri mudiwa wevhidhiyo mutambo.

Tinofanira kutaura nhamba hombe yezvipo zvakaitwa neValve, kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa iyo Linux kernel kuti iite yemhando yepamusoro varaidzo nzvimbo.

Zvevana: shuga

Nenharaunda yayo yakagadziridzwa mu Python, ine rezinesi reGPL richiri mukusimudzira, uye kuti, kusiyana nekumwe kugovera, haina sarudzo yekuita zvakawanda, saka inoshanda chete nebasa rimwe chete panguva. Nekuda kutsigira vadiki nedzidzo yavo yekuchikoro uye yepuraimari.

Pakutanga yakagadzirirwa chirongwa Imwe Laptop Pamwana; makomputa emutengo wakaderera akagadzirirwa vana munzvimbo dziri kure kana dzemari shoma. Mubairo-kuhwina chirongwa chakaitwa munyika zhinji muLatin America, Africa neAsia.

Yakavakirwa pa Shuwa Mabasa, seti yezvimwe zviitiko zvekutsigira vana munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekuchikoro. Mabasa anogona zvakare kushandiswa pane mamwe makomputa uye mamwe masisitimu anoshanda seWindows ne Mac OS X.

Iyo inoswededzwa seyakaiswa system ye  vana vari pakati pemakore matanhatu ne6 ekuberekwa. Iyo haina desktop kana komputa yatanga uye ine maonero mana: Boka reShamwari, Vavakidzani, Me uye My Diary. Iko kugovera kwakakodzera kuti mwana ashamwaridzane nevaanodzidza navo uye nekombuta kuti aratidze ake ezuva nezuva mabasa.

Kutenderera Kuburitswa: Manjaro 15.12

Iyi Arch Linux-based distro inozivikanwa nekuve yakapusa, yakajeka uye inokwezva kwazvo kune ziso.

Zvakakosha kuyeuka izwi rekuti "rolling release" rinoshandiswa kune iwo masisitimu ari mukuenderera mberi kusimudzira, kugadzirisa pane yekutanga vhezheni pese painenge ichida iyo, iyo inobvumidza kuve neraibhurari, kunyorera uye ese akakosha mapakeji kusvika pari zvino.

Nenhamba huru yenzvimbo dzedesktop dzinowanikwa kubva kumisheni (kubva KDE, Gnome uye Xfce kune mamwe madiki anozivikanwa seBspWM neJWM), akafanogadzikwa macodec ekuridza mafaira emultimedia uye mapakeji esoftware mune yavo yazvino vhezheni; kune avo vanoda kuve neazvino maficha uye nekuchengeta magear avo pamucheto weropa.

Pakati pezvakanyanya kukosha ndiko kuyedza kwakaitwa nevagadziri mukugadzira graphical vabatsiri vechinhu chero chipi zvacho chehurongwa, icho chinobvumidza vashoma vane ruzivo vashandisi veLinux kunakidzwa neArch Linux-yakavakirwa kugovera pasina zvese zvinonetesa (asi zvedzidzo) kumisikidza. Uye kupokana izvo zvinosanganisira kuzviisa nemaoko. Chimwe chinhu chisingakwanise kufuratirwa kugona kushandura kernel otomatiki kubva kune graphical wizard, iyo inobatsira zvakanyanya kuyedzwa nemakero akasiyana uye pasina kutambura kunetseka kweiyi kuita iyi manyore (uye kurega iyo system isingagone kushandiswa).

Pasina kupokana, kugoverwa uku kunoonekwa nekumhanya uye kugona. Inotungamira dhizaini yayo uye zvese zvinosanganisira kugadziriswa kwayo, kune yakapusa uye inochinja nzira, isingatadzise mushandisi, uyezve iyo inosimudzira kukwidziridzwa kwemaitiro otomatiki uye nekuenderera.

Nekugadzira: Elementary OS

Iyo system inomira kunze kune dhizaini inokwezva, Iyo ine yakapusa uye inokurumidza chikuva.

Iko kugovera kwekutanga ndiko kuita ongororo yakawandisa kune iyo dhizaini yekugadzira. Kunzwisisa kubva mukudyidzana nemushandisi kuti ungaita sei homogenize mafomu kuitira kuti mushandisi akwanise kutungamirwa nekukurumidza uye pasina kudikanwa kwemanyorerwo. Izvo zvinovatendera kuti vatsvage kunodiwa kunyorera nekutarisa iwo maratidziro mavakarongeka. Iyo zvakare ine yakanakisa yekutsvaga injini iyo inobvumidza kuitiswa kwemirairo, kana kuona, imwe neimwe, iwo maficha mune ye gridhi-yerudzi rwekutarisa, yakarongedzwa nearufabheti. Zvese zvakagadzirirwa kuti uwane intuitively kutsvaga zvaunoda nenzira yakapusa.

Iko kuedza kwakadyarwa mukuparadzira uku kwave kwakadai zvekuti timu iri kumashure kwayo yagadzira mutauro wehurongwa Vala, iyo inotarisira kuvandudza zvishandiso zveGnome nes syntax yakafanana neC # na binary kune C kodhi inoenderana, izvo zvinoita kuti ikurumidze uye zviwanikwa-zvinoshanda.

Aesthetically ndiyo imwe yemakoto anokwezva, ane mapatani uye mapindiro mune akanakisa Windows kana Mac OS maitiro, asi neakanakisa e Linux kuseri kwezviitiko. Chaizvoizvo mufaro kushandisa kugovera uku.

Yakanangana nemasevhisi emakore: Chrome Os

Iko kugovera kuri kutungamirwa kune inokurumidza, yakapusa uye yakachengeteka chiitiko kune avo vashandisi vanoshanda kazhinji yenguva pawebhu.

Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kugoverwa uku kwakazvarwa semoyo wema Chromebook, makomputa emunhu anodhura (akafanana nemapiritsi) akagadzirwa Google. Iko hakuna kupokana nezvehunhu hwechikamu chimwe nechimwe icho hofori yemakambani indasitiri inotipa uye Chrome OS haisi iyo yega.

Zvinowanikwa inofambiswa neiyo Chrome ecosystem, saka tinogona kuisa ese maapplication uye ekuwedzera nekukurumidza uye nyore. Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe maapplication akawedzera mashandiro eChannel OS. Yakanyanya mwenje, inokurumidza uye yakapusa, zvekuti inobvumidza kudzima nekukurumidza, kuchengetedza mamiriro emaapplication, uyezve kutanga nekukurumidza zvekuti inopa fungidziro yekuti chete skrini rakadzimwa.

Tinofanira kuziva kuti kugona kwayo kunonyatsoshandiswa chete kana yakabatana neinternet, zvisinei vazhinji vashandisi havaite mabasa makuru pamakomputa avo kana vasina internet yekubatana. Pasina kupokana, mashandisiro ayo anoshandiswa nguva zhinji ndiwo webhu mabhurawuza uye hofisi suites (iyo Chrome OS inobvumidza kushandisa isina internet), saka Chrome OS inomiririra yakasarudzika sarudzo yeiri boka revashandisi.

Zvese zvinosanganisira magwaro, marongero uye mashandisirwo anoitirwa mukati megore, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuwana uye kutora chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu izvi pane chero chinhu. Uku ndiko kubatsira kwazvinopa nekuda kwekugona kwenzvimbo, uye nzvimbo iri nyore ye data rako rese rakachengetwa. Izvo zvekushandisa zvikumbiro hazvichadiwi neiyi system, uye zvakanyanya, zvese zvaunoda zvichave kuburikidza newebhu uye nekuchengetwa mukati mayo, pamwe nezvose zvinodiwa matanho ekuchengetedza.

Kune zvese zviri pamusoro, Chrome OS ndiyo chaiyo sisitimu yemhando ipi neipi yekombuta, ichisiya zvisungo zvesimbi zvekare.

Zvekusazivikanwa uye kuvanzika: Miswe

Iyo Amnesic Incognito Live System (Miswe), yakagadzirirwa avo vanotsvaga kusazivikanwa uye kuvanzika, Miswe ndiyo yakakodzera yekushandisa sisitimu iyi. Kubatana kweInternet kunoitwa zvisingazivikanwe uye kushandisa iyo Tor network, saka hapana trace yekubatana yasara (Incognito), uye chako chega chekuchengetedza mudziyo ndicho RAM memory (kunze kwekunge mushandisi aratidza neimwe nzira), ino bviswa kana komputa yadzimwa, saka hapana mhando yefaira yasara mushure mekushandisa (Amnesic). Zvakwana inotakurika uye akashongedzerwa kushandiswa pane chero PC ne rarama bhuti kubva kuUSB kana imwe svikiro, uye bvisa pasina kana trace.

Kuti uwane chengetedzo, ine epamberi cryptographic maturusi kuchengetedza zvese zvinosanganisira maemail kana mafaera akachengeteka. Pamusoro pekusanganisa maturusi e zvachose kubviswa (pukuta) mafaera pane chero rakaomarara dhiraivhu kana imwe yekuchengetedza nzvimbo.

Iyo ine chaiyo keyboard inonzi Florence, iyo inopa chengetedzo huru kune ako ese mapassword, kudzivirira kudiwa kwekuzvinyora pane keyboard. Ndizvo HTTPS Kwese, iyo inokuendesa iwe kune akachengeteka uye mashoma mashoma mawebhusaiti. Iyo inogona zvakare kugadziridzwa kuti ishandise iyo yakasarudzika network I2P (imwe nzira yeTor), iyo inopa yakawanda yakachengeteka uye isingazivikanwe kubhurawuza, uye PW Gen, iyo inogadzira uye inogonesa mapassword akasimba.

Kana chishuwo chako chiri chekushandisa komputa uye zvisingaite kuti uone kuti wanga uripo (uye hapana anoziva zvawanga uchiita), unofanirwa kushandisa kugovera uku.

Zvemabhizinesi: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.2

Zvirokwazvo a standard padanho re Bhizinesi IT. Red Hat inopa dzakasiyana siyana masevhisi kusangana nezvinodiwa uye zvinodiwa chero bhizinesi. Iyo inopa gore kana data centre manejimendi masevhisi, JBoss middleware, uye Linux mapuratifomu ezvinangwa zvakasiyana.

Nerutsigiro rwemhando yepamusoro rwunowanikwa maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva, sisitimu yekuchengetedza iyo inopa zvikanganiso zvakanaka, dhatabhesi reCVE (Zvakajairika Njodzi uye Zviratidziro), uye yambiro yekuti iyo system inokanda kana ichinge yaona kushomeka kuripo. Zvese zvaunoda zvekambani iyo inoda kuve neyakajeka manejimendi ayo emukati maitiro uye chengetedza yayo IT zvinhu.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) inotungamirwa kumaseva ezvinangwa zvakasiyana kubva kumusoro -kuita komputa, makomputa ekuchengetedza, chaiwo-nguva masisitimu, uye akasarudzika masisitimu ezvimwe dhatabhesi kana kunyorera.

Pakati pezvishandiso zvavanopa isu tinazvo ngwara utariri, iyo inobvumidza kukwidziridza kana kubata iyo system, Red Hat Satellite iri basa rekugadzirisa kutaurirana uye manejimendi pakati peakasiyana maRHEL zviitiko. High Availability, kukurumidza kumisikidza masevhisi anoda hukuru hwekuwanika uye mutoro kuenzanisa mumasumbu evhavha; Y Resilient Kuchengeta iyo yakagovaniswa mafaira masystem anogona kusimbiswa kuti ipe redundancy mu data uye server kumisikidzwa. Zvese kufunga kwezviitiko zvakasiyana zvebhizimusi IT.

Ivo vanoramba vachiramba vari pamberi pebhizimusi-rinotarisana nekushambadzira kwekushambadzira, vachive vanofarirwa nevatengi vazhinji vanopa kuchinjika kune akasiyana masango eindasitiri.

Zvekuverenga kwako pachako: Solus OS 1.0

Kunyangwe hazvo kuvhurwa kwepamutemo kwakaitwa padhuze nekupera kwegore (Zvita 27, 2015),  SolusOS iko kugovera kunokasira kugona kuwana nzvimbo pane urwu runyorwa.

Iko kugovera yakagadzirwa kubva pakutanga, sezvo isina kuvakirwa pane chero ipi. Kubva pakuvambwa kwayo yakazvarwa iine chinangwa chekuzadza iyo nzvimbo iyo yaidikanwa mukuparadzirwa kweLinux, distro yakanangidzirwa kumakomputa edesktop ayo vashandisi vaigona kushandisa vasina ruzivo rwemberi muLinux.

Zvakanyatsogadzirirwa kuverenga kwevanhul, pasina kushandisa mapakeji akatsaurirwa kumaseva mabasa, nekubatanidzwa kuri nyore kune madhiraivha ekutengesa, akagadzirirwa mabasa evashandisi uye pasina kutsamira pane yekuraira terminal.

Dhizaini yayo yaive yakanangana zvakanyanya nemamiriro ezvinhu edesktop, zvichibva paGTK, inonzi Budgie. Izvi kuitira kupa mushandisi chiitiko chiri nani. Budgie akaedzwa uye akagadziridzwa kuona a yakakwirira theming. Iyo yeBudgie menyu yakagadzirirwa seye inokurumidza kuwana chikamu cheyako showa, ine yakasarudzika compact maonero. Yakakodzera kukwikwidzana neanhasi ekutengesa anoshanda masisitimu.

Nenzvimbo yekugadzirisa, inonzi chikungubaya, iwe unogona kuve nehutongi hwezwi vhoriyamu, midhiya mutambi anotonga, nyore kuwana kune iyo khalendari, uye nezvimwe, nekuda kwekuisirwa kwemaapplet. Unogona kubata maapplication uye kugadzirisa Budgie

Wako package maneja eopkg inotsigira kutsvaga kwepakeji, kumisikidza, kugadzirisa uye kubvisa, pamwe nekutsvagisa kwepakeji uye manejimendi manejimendi.

Pakati pezvimwe zvekushandisa zvaisanganisira tinowana:

• Firefox 43.0.2
• Nautilus 3.18.4
• Rhythmbox 3.2.1
• Thunderbird 38.5.0
• VLC 2.2.1

Chaizvoizvo maratidziro akakwenenzverwa ane yakakwira nhanho yekutarisisa kune zvakadzama, pasina kurasikirwa nechaanovavarira, desktop PC. Pakutanga hazvitore inonwa nezve 400 MB ye RAM! Chiitiko chinokurudzira chekuti wakapfava uye kupedzisa desktop yako.

Izvo zvakarongerwa kuti kuna 2016 kuvandudzwa kwe Solus OS 2.0. Kuva nemapoinzi akati wandei ekutarisisa: kudzoreredza sisitimu, maturusi maturusi evashandisi vanobva kuWindows kana Mac OS, pamwe negadziriro yeparutivi. Saka hapana chinoshaikwa kuva nehunhu hutsva uhwu mukuvandudza.

Yakakurudzirwa zvakanyanya kune avo vashandisi vanoda inonakidza, yakapusa uye ine simba ruzivo kune yavo desktop PC. Seyadecdote yako pachako, ndinokuudza kuti kana uchiratidza kugoverwa uku kune vashandisi vasina kuverenga veLinux, zvavakataura zvaive Iyo "Windows" yakanaka kwazvo uye inokurumidza. PC yangu inotsigira here?. Mashoko anokurudzira zvirokwazvo, sezvo Linux ine mukurumbira wekuve unonetsa kushandisa neavo vanouwana kekutanga.

Chii chauri kumirira kutanga gore rino 2016 nechero ipi yekugovera?