ArchLinux offline pseudo-yekumisikidza nhanho

Mazuva mashoma apfuura ini ndakaburitsa iyo ArchLinux ISO kuita yekumisikidza imba. Sezvo ndamboshandisa kumwe kugovera kunokutendera iwe kuisa kanokwana dhatabhesi diki kubva kuCD, ini ndaida kuita chimwe chinhu chakafanana, asi zvinoshamisira kuti iyo yekuisa Arch haina kugadzirirwa komputa isina Internet mukana (mhedzisiro yevagadziri vanogara munyika yekutanga).

Mune yangu kesi, ini ndanga ndatova neWindows 7 (ine bhuti uye system partition) uye Fedora (ine yayo swap uye yayo yakatsaurirwa / bhuti chikamu) pane rangu diski. Pfungwa iyi yaive yekugadzirisa kuisa Arch kwaive naFedora, pasina kuparadza Windows mukuita.

ArchLinux offline pseudo-kuisirwa

Zvakanaka, ini ndakabhururuka kubva kuArch CD, ndichisarudza x86_64, uye pasina yakawanda ado yakandisiira pakoni. Ndakafunga, "Wow, these guys are serious about not being newbie distro ... okay, ngatitambei ipapo tozoona zvinoitika."

Ini ndakanyora dhairekitori kwandaive kuti ndione kana paine chero zvinyorwa uye ini ndakaona kuti paive zvechokwadi nerunyorwa pamwe neyekutanga gadziriro yekumisikidza. Ini ndakanyora zvinoenderana pabepa (ini handina printa kumba) ndikatanga kushanda.

Chinhu chekutanga chandakaita kushandura dhizaini yekhibhodi kuenda kuSpanish kubva kuSpain, izvo zvaive nyore kupfuura zvandaitarisira (pane kunyange inoshamisa inonzi isu-maacents):

loadkeys es

Chinhu chinotevera chaive kukwirisa dhisiki rekunze kuti ndichengetedze kopi yeMBR kana paine matambudziko uye zvoita kuti ndichengetedze ruzivo rwakakosha rwandaive narwo muFedora yangu:

mkdir -p / mnt / tmp1 && mount / dev / sdb1 / mnt / tmp1 dd if = / dev / sda of = / mnt / tmp1 / mbr.bin bs = 512 count = 1

Neraki Arch's LiveCD inotsigira NTFS uye yakavakirwa-mukati Pakati peusiku comander (MC), saka pasina nguva ndakapedza kusevha mamwe ese ruzivo.

Ini ndakazoburitsa dhisiki, ndikabvisa dhairekitori rechinguva, uye nemuviri ndikabvisa dhisiki rekunze kudzikisa njodzi ye "cagastrophes."

umount /mnt/tmp1 && rmdir /mnt/tmp1

Saka ini ndakarongedza zvikamu zvangu, ndokukanda mudzi uye bhuti kupatsanura, ndokubatidza swap:

mkfs -t ext4 / dev / sda3 mkfs -t ext4 / dev / sda6 mount / dev / sda6 / mnt mkdir -p / mnt / boot mount / dev / sda3 / mnt / boot swapon / dev / sda5

Nhanho inotevera yaive yekutanga dambudziko rangu:

pacstrap /mnt base

Arch zvakajairwa kuyedza kutsvaga iyo repositori dhatabhesi pane imwe yemirazi, uye kusakwanisa kuwana chero, zvese pacstrap akaita kugadzira dhairekitori mu / mnt, akarongeka kwazvo, asi zviri pachena kuti haina chinhu.

Pamusoro pefoni, ndakabvunza shamwari dzinoverengeka dzinoshandisa Arch kana pakanga pasina nzira yekumisikidza isina internet kuwana iwo mapakeji akafanana ari paLiveCD, ndisina kana repodhi yakakopwa kudiski chero, uye vakandiudza kuti zvirinani vaisaziva kuzviita.

Ndakawana iyo tech 'chinetso' ichifadza, saka ndakafunga, 'Kana Arch ichikwanisa kupinda muLiveCD modhi, inofanira kukwanisa kuisa kune hard drive mune imwecheteyo nzira,' saka ndakaedza nemaoko kuteedzera mafaera nekutevera. iyo yakasara yedzidziso (iine isinganzwisisike shanduko diki) kuti uone zvakaitika:

rsync -avl / {bin, nezvimwewo, imba, lib, lib64, opt, mudzi, sbin, srv, usr, var} / mnt arch-chroot / mnt genfstab -p / >> / etc / fstab echo hpc> / etc / hostname ln -sf / usr / share / zoneinfo / Cuba / nezvimwe / yemuno locale-gen

Nhanho inotevera yaive yangu inotevera chipingamupinyi:

mkinitcpio -p linux

Uyu murairo wakaburitsa zvimwe zvikanganiso, mushure mekuverenga rairo reruoko uye zvirimo mumafaira /etc/mkinitcpio.conf y /etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux.preset, Ndakanzwisisa kuti rairo yaisakwanisa kuwana iyo faira vmlinuz-linux, saka ndakadzvanya Ctrl + D kuti ndibude munzvimbo yechroot, ndikatsvaga chero faira raitaridzika seriri:

find / -type f -iname "*vmlinuz*"

Zvinoitika kuti Arch's LiveCD inokwidza mafaera ebhuti pasi pechinyorwa / mhanya /, saka ndakafunga kuzviteedzera kune yangu / bhuti / kuva nazvo zvinobatsira mukati meangu chroot nharaunda:

cp /run/archiso/bootmnt/arch/boot/ [memtest,intel_ucode.img} / mnt / boot / cp / run / archiso / bootmnt / arch / boot / x86_64 / * / mnt / boot / arch-chroot / mnt

Seimwewo mhosho yandakawana ndichiyedza mkinitcpio yaive yekuti chinyorwa chemidzi yacho hachiwanikwe, ndakanyora pasi UUID yayo (iyo yandakaona ndichishandisa rairo blkid) kushandisa nemirairo, iyo yakazopedzisira yaita seiyi:

mkinitcpio -p linux -k /boot/vmlinuz root=UUID=d85938aa-83b8-431c-becb-9b5735264912

Ino nguva kuvaka kwacho kwakapera zvinobudirira, chete neyambiro dzinoverengeka dzemamojuru aisagona kuwanikwa, asi kwandiri ndakanga ndisingadiwe. Zvingangodaro, ndakagadzira zvakare fstab, asi panguva ino ndichijekesa UUID:

genfstab -U -p / > /etc/fstab

Ndakafunga: ah zvakanaka, pakupedzisira fambira mberi. Uye ndakaenderera mberi nekuchinja password uye kuisa bootloader.

passwd grub-gadza --target = i386-pc --recheck / dev / sda grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Chekupedzisira uye kuti ndiite zvine mutsindo, ndakadzvanya Ctrl + D zvakare kuti ndibve munzvimbo yakadzvanywa, ndakabvarura zvese ndokutanga zvekare kuona zvakaitika:

umount / mnt / boot umount / mnt reboot

Iyo komputa yakatangazve kuratidza iyo Grub menyu neArch (Windows haina kuoneka chero kupi), saka ndakaisarudza uye zvese zvaiita kunge zviri kurodha zvakanaka kusvikira ... iyo system yakaratidza kuti pakange paine zvikanganiso zvandaifanira kutarisa nemirairo inotevera:

journalctl -xb

Kuongorora zvikanganiso, ndakaona kuti mazhinji aigona kufuratirwa, asi yekupedzisira yakanga isina kujairika, ichindiudza kuti plymouth yaisawanikwa.

Ndakabva ndangofunga, 'Plymouth ??? Nei heck ichiita console nzvimbo yemamiriro ekunze inoda chimwe chinhu seichi? Izvo zvinoita kunge zvisingaite KISS kutaura. Zvirokwazvo handina kuchiisa, kana neni kuida. "

Asi kuti zvive zvinoshanda, ndakafunga kuti: "Zvakanaka, asi zvirinani zvinofanirwa kutaurwa mune imwe faira, ngatione ...":

find /etc -type f -print0 | xargs -0 grep -i "plymouth"

Zvinotoshamisa kuti hapana faira rine tambo yemavara "plymouth" yakaonekwa mune dhairekitori rekugadzirisa Ndakafunga ipapo: «Ah, saka… unozvimanikidza neni? saka ngatione kuti iwe unotora sei 'kanoni' ”(sekutaura kwedu kuCuba), uye" Ndakavaka "plymouth kubva pakutanga.

vi / usr / bin / plymouth chmod 755 / usr / bin / plymouth

Kune avo venyu vari kushamisika zvandakaisa mufaira riya, hezvino zvirimo mune kubwinya kwaro kwese:

#! / bin / sh kubuda

Ini ndakaitazve patsva ndichitarisira kumwe kukanganisa uye ... zvinoshamisa, systemd yakafara kuwana iyo "yakakosha chinhu", nekuti yakapedza chirongwa chekutanga uye isina kumwezve kunonoka yakandisiira mukoni. Sezvo ini ndaisatenda maziso angu, ndakafunga ku "uninstall" plymouth ndotanga zvekare, kuti ndione zvakaitika.

rm -fr / usr / bin / plymouth reboot

Nechishamiso, panguva ino system yakatanga chinyararire isina kuwedzera kunditsamwisa nekusavapo kwaPlymouth. (Hapana mhinduro)

Kuwedzera Windows kuGRUB

Yakanga iri yekuwedzera iyo Windows yekupinda kuGRUB. Sezvo nzira dzechinyakare dzisina kushanda (mubatanidzwa we grub-mkconfig game os-kuongorora zvaiita kunge zvisiri kushanda mushe), ndakafunga kuumba iyo yekupinda nemaoko, yandaida kuona iyo Windows bootloader tambo uye iyo UUID yeiyo bhuti kupatsanura:

mkdir -p / mnt / winboot && mount / dev / sda1 / mnt / winboot grub-probe --target = hints_string / mnt / winboot / bootmgr grub-probe --target = fs_uuid / mnt / winboot / bootmgr

Izvi zvakandidzorera zvichiteerana tambo mbiri idzi:

--hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1
DC788F27788EFF8E

Nenzira iyi ini ndakasimbisa kuti iyo UUID yakadzoka yakanga yakafanana neiya yakawanikwa yechikamu ichocho pakuita rairo blkid. Izvo zvaive zvichidikanwa kuburitsa yetsika grub yekupinda ine yakataurwa data:

vi /etc/grub.d/40_custom

Mune zvirimo:

#! / bin / sh exec muswe -n +3 $ 0 # Iyi faira inopa nzira iri nyore yekuwedzera echinyakare menyu menyu. Simply nyora iyo # menyu zvinyorwa iwe zvaunoda kuwedzera mushure mekutaura uku. Ive nekuchengera kuti usachinje # iyo 'exec muswe' mutsara pamusoro. menyuentry "Microsoft Windows 7 SP1" --class windows --class os {insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs insmod yekutsvaga_fs_uuid insmod ntldr yekutsvaga --fs-uuid --set = mudzi --hint-bios = hd0, msdos1 --hint-efi = hd0, msdos1 -hint-baremetal = ahci0, msdos1 DC788F27788EFF8E ntldr / bootmgr}

Mushure mekupedza nhanho iyi, ndakafunga kumisikidza Windows senzira yekushomeka yekushandisa, kuitira kuti mukadzi wangu asavhunduke uye muzukuru wangu anogona kutamba naye maBarbies kana auya. Kune izvi ini ndakangogadzirisa iyo faira / etc / default / grub uye ini ndakaisa iyo yekuisa kuti itange nekukasira uye nguva yekuenda kumasekondi matatu chete.

GRUB_DEFAULT = 2 GRUB_TIMEOUT = 3

Izvo zvakangosara kuti zvimutsiridze iyo GRUB kumisikidza zvakare, uye kutangazve:

grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg reboot

Neraki, zvese zvakaenda sezvanga zvichitarisirwa. Ndakasarudza iyo Windows yekupinda uye yakatanga nemufaro.

Saka sezvauri kuona, ingangoita imwe ArchLinux offline pseudo-kuisirwa kunogona kuitwa nhanho nhanho pasina kuve online chete neCD, kunyangwe zviri pachena, chii chichaiswa pane rakaomarara diski iri chaizvo LiveCD, asi zvirinani inogona boot system, teedzera mafaera, uye mhanyisa mamwe mafomu.

Neraki Sandy (KZKG ^ Gaara) akamira ndokuteedzera iyo Arch repo (yandino tenda kwazvo), saka ndiri kuronga kupedzisa kuita chaiyo yekuisa kunze kwekumisikidza munguva pfupi, asi iyi ingave imwe nyaya. Chandinogona kukuvimbisa ndechekuti kwenguva yakati ikozvino ndanga ndichirasikirwa nemhando iyi yekuyedza kuyedza zvishoma. Muchokwadi dai ndaive nenguva, kubatana mumba uye zvimwe zvinhu zvemamiriro ezvinhu zvakave nechokwadi, ini pamwe ndaizoedza kuita tsika yekuparadzira zvichibva paLFS, rinova iro rinonyanya kunakidza chirongwa. 😉