Re: Kana izwi rekuti 'mahara' mu 'yemahara software' risina basa

Rimwe zuva ndakasvika ichi chinyorwa chinonakidza yakanzi "Kana izwi rekuti 'mahara' mu 'yemahara software' risina basa." Rakanyorwa na Benjamin Humphrey, mumwe wevatangi ve ohso, iyo kambani iri kuseri kweblog rakakurumbira OMG! Ubuntu. Ndine chokwadi chekuti mazwi ake ndeaya evashandisi vazhinji veUbuntu, kunyanya avo vane utera hweMac.Asi, mukuwedzera, zvinoratidzika kwandiri kuti Benjamin akakwanisa kutaura dzimwe pfungwa zvakanaka, izvo zvandinoda kuramba, izvo zvicha pasina mubvunzo inogadzira gakava rakakomba.

Chinyorwa chinotanga nerondedzero yezvinoreva software yemahara. Sezvo zvinowanzoitika kunyanya munyika inotaura Chirungu, zvinotsanangurawo zvikuru nyonganiso pakati pemahara software uye yemahara software. Asi hongu, ini handifunge kuti ichi ndicho chinhu chinonakidza kwazvo pachinyorwa.

Kana izwi rekuti "mahara" mu "mahara software" risina basa

Kana iwe ukaita ongororo diki mune yako supamaketi shopu, unofunga vanhu vangani vanoshandisa mahara software? Uye vanhu vangani, software yeimba?

Mhinduro yacho iri pachena mune dzakawanda zviitiko. Proprietary software yakakurisa. Nepo vamwe vanhu vachishandisa yemahara software, ivo kazhinji havazive kuti yakasununguka sei kana haina hanya. Muenzaniso wekuenzanisira ndeyeFirefox: inogona kutorwa pasi pasina muripo, asi mushandisi wepakati anoziva 'akasununguka' sei? Kana kuti akamira kuverenga bhatani re "Dhawunorodha Izvozvi"?

Zvakakoshawo kuti tizvibvunze kuti sei munhu iyeye achishandisa Firefox. Nekuti isoftware yemhando yepamusoro, ine mukurumbira wakanaka uye wakakwanisa kuiwana mahara. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, zvese zvimwe hazvina basa. Tsananguro ye "mhando software" yakaoma kwazvo, asi kazhinji kutaura, yakanaka software ndeiyi:

• Akavimbika
• Zviri nyore kushandisa
• Chokwadi
• Ane mukurumbira wakanaka
• Uye, kune imwe nhanho, inozivikanwa (*)

(*) Vanhu makwai. Kana iwe ukaona mumwe munhu achiita chimwe chinhu kana kushandisa chimwe chigadzirwa, zvirokwazvo iwe uchaita zvakafanana. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei makambani achishandisa vane mukurumbira kushambadzira zvigadzirwa zvavo uye ndicho chikonzero nei Facebook kushambadzira kunogona kuve kunoenderana nekurudziro yeshamwari dzako.

Zvichipa sarudzo dzinotevera, ndeupi waunofunga kuti ungangodaro?

Munhu anobhadhara software yemhando yepamusoro kana kuitora zvisiri pamutemo kubva pa internet.

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Munhu anoshandisa mahara software iri yemhando yepasi pane software yeimba.

Ini ndinotengesa anenge munhu wese achazoenda kusarudzo 1 kana mutengo wacho uri wechokwadi. Rangarira, vanhu vanoda kubhadhara zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro, uye dzimwe nguva havafanirwe kudaro. Mukupedzisira, vashandisi havafungi zvakanyanya nezvekuti "mahara" sei software iri. Izvo zvakanakisa zvezviitiko zveavhareji mushandisi ndiyo iyo mavanogona kuwana software izvo, zvekare, zvemahara uye zvemhando yepamusoro.

Kubva kune vanogadzira poindi yekutarisa, vashandisi venguva dzose havasi kufarira kodhi sesu. Ivo vanofarira izvo zvavanogona kuita neiyo kodhi uye nemarii yavanofanira kubhadhara kuti vaiwane. Ini ndinoshandisa Skype nekuti ndinofunga zviri nani pane XMPP yekutaura nezwi, uye ini handibhadhare chero chinhu zvacho.

Vanhu vazhinji vanonzwisisa izwi rekuti "yemahara software" zvakasiyana pane isu mahara software evhangeri. Kuparidza nezve software yemahara uye yakavhurwa sosi ndiyo imwe yedzakawanda nzira dzekushandura vanhu kuita mahara software, uye hapana mubvunzo yakaita kuti vazhinji vatendeukire software yemahara, asi pakupedzisira kugutsa ruzhinji zvese zvinodzikira kunaka kwe software. Kuti ndeye mahara ingori bhenefiti yakawedzerwa.

Kucherekedza uye kutaura

Kutanga, ngatitii ini ndinogovana naBenjamin zano rekuti zvakakosha kugadzirisa mhando yemahara software. Ita kuti ive nyore, inonzwisisika, yakashongedzwa, ine simba (ine zvimwe zvinhu), itsva, yakachengeteka, inoenderana, inogadziriswa, nezvimwe. Hapana mumwe mundangariro dzavo chaidzo anogona kupokana neizvi. Iyi ingangodaro pfungwa chete yandinogovana naBenjamin.

Isoftware yemahara yemhando yepasi pane software yeimba?

Iko kune (zvachose zvisirizvo) pfungwa inomhanya senge "tsvuku tsvuku" mukati mechinyorwa uye kuti, pamwe, chaitove chikonzero chakakurudzira Benjamin kuti anyore chinyorwa chine nharo chakadai: yemahara software ndeye yakaderera mhando pane yepropathiary software.

Iko hakuna zvachose chikonzero chekutsigira chakadai chirevo. Kubva pakuona kwechokwadi, chokwadi chinoratidza kuti sezvo paine software yakanaka kwazvo yekudyara, pane software yemhando yepamusoro yemahara. Uye zvakare hazvigoneke kutaura izvi mune dzidziso zvirevo: hapana chinhu chinoita kuti yemahara software mune yakajairika yakaderera muhunhu kupfuura software yeimba. Pane zvinopesana, mukana wekuwana iyo kodhi kodhi, kuigadzirisa uye kuigovera pasina zvirambidzo zviri pamutemo uye zvemahara zvinogadzira chando bhora zvinoreva kuti akasiyana emahara software mapurojekiti anogona kuramba achivandudza.

Mumwe anogona kufunga kuti sezvo pasina "mari inobatanidzwa," hapana chinokurudzira chekuvandudza iyo software. Chokwadi chave kuratidza chakapesana: kune akawanda epamusoro-mhando uye anozivikanwa kwazvo emahara software mapurojekiti (Firefox, semuenzaniso). Kune rimwe divi, usakanganwa izvo zvinokwanisika kuita mari kubva mahara software (Software, rutsigiro, nezvimwe zvinogona kutengeswa). Kune mamwe makambani makuru anoita raramo kubva mairi: Red Hat, Canonical, nezvimwe. Chekupedzisira, kushomeka kwevakabhadharwa programmers avo vanozvipira ivo kuzere-nguva kune yemahara software chirongwa kunoripwa nenyaya yekuti chero programmer papasi rino anokwanisa kuwana iyo kodhi uye anowedzera zvinoitwa nevamwe. Mune mamwe mazwi, kushaikwa kwenguva kwevamwe kunoripirwa nerubatsiro rwevamwe. Pasina kutaura chokwadi chiri pachena: zvakazara, isu tiri nani zvakanyanya pa shanda pazvinhu zvatinoda uye kuti isu tinoita chete zvekunakidzwa kupfuura izvo zvatiri kumanikidzwa kuzvinyengedza nenyaya yekuti isu tinofanira kuenda kumba nechingwa pasi pedu.

Zvakare, kunyangwe zvingaite senge hutsinye hutsinye, zvizhinji zvezvikonzero zvinounza zvichemo kubva kune vashandisi vemahara software zvine mavambo avo mune zvinorambidzwa zvechero software. LibreOffice hairave zvinyorwa zvangu zveIzwi zvakanaka! Ini ndoda system yangu kuti iverenge MP3 mafaera "kunze kwebhokisi"! Nei Flash uye Skype yakaipa kwazvo paLinux? Nei vhidhiyo yangu kana kadhi reWi-Fi risingashande sezvinoita muWindows? Pakupedzisira, aya "matambudziko" ane chekuita nekuenzanisirwa kweyepamutemo zviyero uye mafomati uye kushandiswa kwemidziyo yezvinhu (pamwe nevatyairi vavo, zvakare vanezvinotarisirwa). Zviripachena, kutenda kuti yemahara software, pachayo, ichagadzirisa matambudziko edu ese, iko kukanganisa. Muchokwadi, takatarisana nechikara chakakura kwazvo, sezvatinonyatsotsanangura mune izvi imwe nyaya.

Dambudziko harisi rekuti LibreOffice haigone kuvhura mafaira akaomarara eIzwi pasina matambudziko, asi kuti iro Izwi fomati ndere chivakwa uye kuti zvirevo zvaro zvinochengetwa zvakavanzwa, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kwazvo kuzviisa nekuzvitsigira mumashandisirwo asiri eMicrosoft pachayo. kana avo avo Microsoft "yavanotengesa" chigadzirwa. Uyezve, mumwe anogona kuti dambudziko riri muIzwi pacharo, risingatenderi kuvhura mafaera nemafomati emahara, kunyangwe hazvo iyo Sangano repasi rose reSimisation (ISO) yasarudza fomati OpenDocument Chemhondoro standard yekuchinjana mavara akaumbwa. Nenzira imwecheteyo, tinogona kutaura kuti dambudziko harisi reku "manikidza" kuisa MP3 rutsigiro mune mamwe maLinux distros (rinova harisi basa rakaomarara, handizvo here?) Asi icho chakanyanya kushata ndechekuti iyo inotakurika odhiyo vatambi havatsigire mafomati emahara (ogg, flac, nezvimwewo) uye vanokumanikidza kushandisa MP3.

Chimwe chinhu chakafanana chinoitika nevatyairi: iyo chokwadi chekuti Linux inotsigira HUGE huwandu hwehardware ndechimwe chezvishamiso izvo zvatinofanira kutenda. Uye ini ndinoti icho chishamiso nekuti, kusvika padanho rekuti makambani anogadzira Hardware haaburitse madhiraivhi awo uye Hardware, kuvandudzwa kwevatyairi vemahara veLinux chinhu chakaoma uye chakaoma; Zvingangoita sekutaura neChinese usine duramazwi reChinese-Spanish-Chinese padhuze. Ndatove ndichishandisa duramazwi, zvinhu zvinonetsa ... fungidzira kusakwanisa kuzviwana. Zviripachena, zvinotora chinguva munhu asati atanga nhaurirano yakabatana. Sezvineiwo, avo vanoshandisa madhiraivhu akavharwa vanozove nekuita zvirinani (zvirinani pakutanga) kudzamara avo vanogadzira madhiraivhi emahara vanzwisise mashandiro anoita Hardware. Maitiro akareba e edza uye kutadza uye maitiro akaomarara e reverse engineering. Zvakare, usakanganwa kuti mahara ma driver anotanga kukura kwavo mushure kutaridzika kwehardware, nepo madhiraivhu akavharwa achigadzirwa nevagadziri vezvinhu panguva zvidimbu zve Hardware izvo zvakagadzirwa. Kuwedzerwa kune izvi inyaya yekuti aya madhiraivha anovandudzwa nevanhu vamwe chete vakagadzira Hardware, avo vari ivo pakupedzisira vanoziva zvakanyanya mashandiro avo emukati. Izvi zviviri zvipingaidzo zvakaoma kugadzirisa. Iyo chete "kudzoka" ndeyekurwira kuitira kuti vagadziri ivo pachavo vatange kugadzira mahara Hardware uye madhiraivha ... vamwe varikutozviita.

Nekudaro, pane imwe poindi mune izvo zvinotaurwa naBenjamin ichokwadi: vanhu vanosarudza mhando pane yemahara. Vashoma vangatambira chimwe chinhu chisingabatsiri, kunyangwe dai chaive chemahara (uye izvi zvinowanzoitika ichokwadi, kwete zve software chete). Nekudaro, ini ndinofunga iro dambudziko riri mune rekuti isu tinongofunga nezve mhando kana gratuitousness yesoftware uye kwete nezverusununguko rwedu. Rusununguko rwedu sevashandisi rwune hukama nehukama neyakagadziriswa software. Kusvika padanho iro vashandisi vanotanga kuziva zvishoma zvishoma nezvekuti iwo mapurogiramu avanoshandisa anoshanda uye nemagadzirirwo awo, uyezve kusvika padanho rekuvandudzwa kwesoftware iri rakavhurika uye rakaenzana sezvinobvira, vese vashandisi vakaita se vagadziri vanogadzira iyo software.

Yakakwira-mhando software inogona zvakare kuve "yakaipa"

Pfungwa yekuti tinoda kuti software ive nesimba uye yakavimbika inobva mukufungidzira kuti software iyi yakagadzirirwa kushandira vashandisi vayo. Kana iine simba uye ichivimbika, zvinoreva kuti inovashandira zvirinani.

Asi iwe unogona chete kutaura kuti software inoshandira vashandisi vayo kana ichiremekedza rusununguko rwavo. Ko kana iyo software yakagadzirirwa kusunga vashandisi vayo? Saka simba rinongoreva kuti ngetani dzinonyanya kudzvinyirira, uye kuvimbika zvinoreva kuti ivo vakaoma kubvisa. Zvinokuvadza zvinoshanda sekushora vashandisi, kudzora vashandisi, kushandisa madhoo ekumashure, uye mhedzisiro yekumisikidza zvakajairika mupropathi software. Kubva pakuona kwehunyanzvi vanogona kuve zvidimbu zvakasarudzika zve software, asi ndizvo zvinodiwa?

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, verenga ichi chinyorwa of the Mahara Software Foundation.

Ndihwo hunhu hunoita kuti vashandisi vashandise imwe software?

Benjamin anoita kunge anotenda kuti mhando inopedzisira yave kuita inosarudza pakusarudza software. Izvo zvingave zvechokwadi munyika yakanaka, asi kwete mune ino.

Chokwadi ndechekuti chikamu chakakura chevanhu HAVASarudzi software yavanoshandisa, ngazvive izvi nekuda kwekushambadzira kwemusika (muchina wawakatenga muchitoro ichocho chemagetsi watouya neWindows yakaiswa, iyo faira yaunoda kuvhura inogona kungoverengwa chete ne X chirongwa, nezvimwewo) kana kungoita nekusaziva (iwe waisaziva nezve huripo hwedzimwe nzira kana, zvakatoipisisa, unotya komputa yako uye hautye kuisa kana kubata chero chinhu, ndoda kuzviumbisa uye gadza imwe OS, nezvimwewo). Aya ndiwo maitiro, sezvinei, anokurudzirwa neavo vanogadzira software yepamutemo. Nekudaro kukosha kwekuvashora nekurwira kwete chete nekuda kwekupararira asiwo nekuvandudzwa kwemahara software (kwete "yakavhurika sosi" software - ona mutsauko).

Uyewo simba remafashoni uye anoparadzira harifanirwe kurerutswa. Benjamin pachake anotiudza kuti "isu tese tiri makwai," asi anokanganwa izvi nekunyepedzera kuti "zvakadzika pasi zvese zvinodzikira kune mhando yeiyo software." Ini ndinofunga "zvakajairika zviitiko" ndezvigadzirwa zveApple - iPhone, iPod, iPad, Mac. Ivo vane chikwereti chakanyanya mukurumbira wavo mukushambadzira chaiko, kwete hunhu hwayo hukuru.

Vaya vashandisi vane ruzivo rwakati wandei nekuziva avo vanokwanisa kusarudza software yavanoshandisa, vanogona kupinda mune rimwe dambudziko rakakosha: vanofanirwa kubhadhara zviyero zvakawandisa kana, vasina kumbotaura zvirinani, zviyero zvakasarudzika kuti vazvitore. Chaizvoizvo kesi: Microsoft Office. Chokwadi, Benjamin anotiyeuchidza kuti humbavha hunoshanda uye hwakakurumbira sarudzo mune idzi kesi. Nekudaro, kure ne 'fucking' ivo vega, iyo utsotsi hunovabatsira. Sekureva kwesoftware, humbavha hunobatsira chete kuparadzira hutachiona uye malware, pamwe nemaitiro asiri iwo uye zvisiri pamutemo, izvo, kure nekugadzira nharaunda yakanaka yekuvandudza software, zvinokuvadza.

Izvi hazvisi zvezvikonzero izvo Bill Gates akaita nharo mutsamba yake inozivikanwa (kana iwe uchibhadhara mota yaunoshandisa, wadii kubhadharawo software) asi nekuti isu tiri mu "Internet zera", mairi kuve kuri nyore kutumira ruzivo uye kuchigovana nevamwe, zviyeuchidzo (zvakadai sekuvandudzwa kwesoftware) hazvisisina musoro. Pane kupesana, kukura kwe free softwareZvakare pamwe neyeyese yemahara tsika yekufambisa (Wikipedia inosanganisirwa), zvaigona kungoita chete nekuda kweInternet sezvo yaive yakavakirwa pamahara zviyero. Izvo zvinoda kunzwisiswa nemakambani aya ndezvekuti zvinokwanisika kuita bhizinesi nekugadzira yemahara software (Android muenzaniso wakanaka kwazvo) uye kuti kuwanda kweInternet zvinoita kuti zvinyanye kuoma kuchengetedza zviitwa zvinofambidzana nesoftware (kungave kuri nekuda piracy, kuoneka kwenzira dzemahara, kurerukirwa kwekugovera makopi, kusakwanisa kudzora vese vashandisi uye kuisa masanction, nezvimwewo).

Chekupedzisira asi chisiri chidiki, kushandisa yemahara software haingori nyaya yemhando asi yerusununguko. Izvo zviri panjodzi haisi iyo mukana wekuve neinoshamisa stationery, inokwezva kumeso, asi rusununguko rwako. Pano pane mukana wakakura kwazvo wepachena software pamusoro pesoftware, kupfuura ayo "technical" mabhenefiti (iyo zvakare iinavo). Kuti mushandisi wekupedzisira haana hanya nerusununguko rwavo? Zvakanaka, kurwira kwedu kumuita kuti ave nehanya. Uye zvakare, ndinokuvimbisa kuti vashandisi vezvigadzirwa zveApple, vanoda "runako" uye "kupfava" kwezvigadzirwa zvavo uye "vanonzwa zvakanaka" kuva "chikamu chekirabhu" cheManzanita, zvakare chinovapa zvine simba mumabhora zvese kurambidzwa uye kutadza kunoiswa pavari ... rudzi rwe "ruoko rwusingaonekwe" rwunozviisa pasi pekuda kweApple.

Kutsigira nemushandisi wekupedzisira

Kuedza kwaBenjamin kuri kwechokwadi: anoda kuzviisa mushangu dzevashandisi vekupedzisira uye funga kuti sei vachisarudza software, zvichipesana nevagadziri. Mukuita kudaro, anopedzisa kuti vashandisi vekupedzisira havapi damn kuti "yemahara" sei software, ndiko kuti, havana hanya nenzira iyo software yacho inogadzirwa asi kuti yakanaka sei.

Icho chinangwa chiri chechokwadi nekuti, pakupedzisira, kune vazhinji vashandisi kupfuura vanogadzira. Dambudziko nderekuti, sezvatatoona, mushandisi wekupedzisira haatombo sarudza kuti software ipi yekushandisa uye, mune dzakawanda zviitiko, sei kana nguva yekuishandisa (marezinesi anodzora software yekushandisa wega, semuenzaniso). Nekudaro, Benjamin ari pachokwadi paanotaura kuti vashandisi vazhinji vanonetsekana nezvechigadzirwa pachacho kupfuura nekuti chakagadzirwa sei. Chaizvoizvo, tinogona kuendesa izvi kune dzimwe nzvimbo: vatengi vano "kuzviuraya" nekuda kweiyo fashoni yeKosiuko jean havasi kufunga nezvayo vabvakure zvisiri pamutemo vakazvigadzira mumamiriro emunhu. Pacharo pacharo, icho chinhu icho, kunyangwe chingave mutemo, chinofanirwa kutaurwa uye kuyedzwa kuchinja. Icho chisarudzo chetsika chinopfuura miganho yesoftware; isarudzo yezve nyika iwe yaunoda kugara mairi uye kuti ungavaka sei. Kunzvenga mubvunzo iwoyo kuita kupindirana kana kusaziva.

Unofungei? Tisiyei mhinduro yenyu uye mubatanidze nharo. Kana iwe waifarira chinyorwa ichi, usakanganwa kugovana icho. Ini ndakaparadzira shoko kuitira kuti tese tishandise Linux.