Tora zvakanakisa kubva kune yako router neWorldWrt: isina waya rusununguko

www.openwrt.ca // #openwrt@Freenode

openwrt kugovera GNU / Linux maererano ne Debian GNU / Linux izvo zvinotibvumidza isu kutora mukana wehunyanzvi hunhu hweedu router kusvika pakakwirira kupfuura iko kushandiswa kwatingaigona kuipa neiyo firmware iyo inogadzirwa nemugadziri.

Kana tikatsvaga openwrt in the Wikipedia Tinogona kuverenga:

«openwrt iri firmware-yakavakirwa GNU / Linux kugovera kunoshandiswa kune zvakadzamidzirwa zvishandiso senge zvemunhu ma routers.
Tsigiro pakutanga yaive yakatemerwa kune iyo Linksys WRT54G, asi kubva pakuwedzera kwayo nekukurumidza, rutsigiro rwevamwe vagadziri nemidziyo yakaverengerwa, kusanganisira iyo Netgear, D-Link, ASUS, nevamwe vashoma. Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa router ichiri iyo Linksys WRT54G uye iyo ASUS WL500G. openwrt Iyo inonyanya kushandisa yekuraira mutsara interface, asi zvakare ine inogara ichivandudza WEB interface. Rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi runopihwa senge mune mazhinji Mahara Software mapurojekiti, kuburikidza nemaforamu uye yayo IRC chiteshi.

Iko kuvandudzwa kwe openwrt yakatanga kukwidziridzwa nekutenda kune rezinesi reGPL, iro rakamanikidza vese vagadziri avo vakachinja nekuvandudza kodhi, kuti vaiburitse uye vape zvakanyanya muprojekiti mune zvese.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, software yacho yave ichikura uye maficha achiitwa izvo vamwe vazhinji vagadziri vezvigadzirwa zvemabhizimusi zvevasina-hunyanzvi vasina, senge QoS, VPN uye zvimwe zvinopa. openwrt yechigadzirwa chine simba chaizvo uye chakachinjika, chakakodzera kushandisa Hardware painomhanya openwrt kwete chete yekushandisa sema routers, asi sefaira mafaera, P2P node, WEBcam maseva, firewalls, kana VPN masuo.

OpenWrt uye dd-wrt

Mukuwedzera kune openwrt pane dd-wrt inova yechitatu bato forogo ye openwrt nechinangwa chekupa chigadzirwa chekutengesa; nzira iyi unogona kutenga routers pamwe firmware dd-wrt yatove yakadzamidzirwa uye zvakare yakabhadhara rutsigiro rwekuchengetedza uye zviitiko mavari.

Musiyano mukuru pakati openwrt y dd-wrt ndeyekuti iyo yekupedzisira haina koni yekuwana Shell kuwana, haitsigire kuisirwa software nyowani uye iri rekushambadzira vhezheni ye openwrt iri padyo neiyo firmware inogona kuunzwa nema routers akasiyana ekutengesa kubva kufekitori asi aine masimba ane simba

Mamwe mapoinzi ayo akamira pachena dd-wrt iri mune yayo mushandisi interface sezvo iri inonyanya kukwezva kupfuura iyo ye openwrt iine mamwe mapurogiramu akakwenenzverwa akaitirwa vashandisi vekupedzisira uye kwete ma sysadmins kana hobbyists.

Mumwe mutsauko wakakosha ndewekuti kazhinji firmware ye dd-wrt iri pamutsetse mumwechete neiyo 'solid' firmware ye openwrt uye nekudaro zvimwe seri kwechirongwa chekuvandudza icho, kutaura chokwadi, chiri kuita mushe mushe uye kwenguva dombo rakasimba, ini handina kumbobvira ndave nedambudziko.

Kunyangwe pakutanga kuona dd-wrt zvinoita kunge isinganakidze se openwrt zvakanaka kuti uzvichengete mupfungwa kune izvo zviitiko izvo zvisina firmware openwrt yeyedu mudziyo kana isu tinoda kuve neakanyanya interface inoenderana neavhareji mushandisi.

Mapurojekiti ese ari maviri, openwrt y dd-wrt Ivo vane nharaunda yakakura yega yega inochengetedza ese mapurojekiti mukuenderera mberi kusimudzira, izvo zvinotivimbisa kuti tichava nerutsigiro kwenguva yakareba. Nharaunda idzi dzakavhurika uye dzine hushamwari, kunyangwe vasati vaita mubvunzo, mushandisi anokumbirwa kuverenga zvinyorwa zvakakodzera uye kuongorora wiki nemaforamu, nekuti zvine chokwadi kuti mubvunzo wake watogadzirwa nekupindurwa kare.

Ehezve, mibvunzo yakaita sekuti "Ndakaisa openwrt uye hapana chakaipa, chii chandinoita?" Haugamuchirwe uye zvingangoita zvinopfuura imwechete, zvirinani, kutsanangura kuti zvese zvinogadziriswa ne sudo rm -rf / uye kuisa password yako> = D

Zvinyorwa zve openwrt

Zvakanakira kushandisa openwrt zvakawandisa:

1. iri rinoshanda zvizere mini distro, "mini" apa zvinoreva kuti:

a) ine yakaganhurirwa nhamba yemapakeji anowanikwa
b) Yakagadzirirwa kuve diki sezvinobvira uye kuti tinogona kuiisa munzvimbo diki dzekuchengetera (zvakanyanya se2mb!) Uye kuti inoshandawo neMIPU CPUs e300mhz chete.

1. Wifi module akagadziridzwa saka achishandisa openwrt Tichashandisa zvirinani router yedu sezvo ichange iine chiratidzo chiri nani: ichave iine simba uye yakajeka kupfuura neiyo stock firmware iyo yawakauya nayo kubva kufekitori.
2. Kunyangwe yakakwira-kumagumo, mapurosesa-akasimba maficha senge PHPTine zvinonakidza zvakasiyana-siyana zve software yekuisa zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi hunhu hwechinhu chedu.
3. . Kana isu tine nzvimbo uye chakaringana kuverenga kuverenga, tinogona kuva neinodiwa webhu server inomhanya panguva imwe chete:

a) faira refaira - NFS y SMB / CIFS
b) mutengi irc (mune yangu weechat) nemutengi wekutumira mameseji BitlBee coupled. Nenzira iyi uye chero bedzi tisingadzime kana kuvhura iyo router, tichava 100% online. Chenjera: IRC matanda, kunyanya kana isu takabatana kune akati wandei chiteshi (mune yangu pane makumi matatu panguva ino) anogona kutora yakawanda nzvimbo nekukurumidza. Kana isu tichizomhanya IRC mutengi pane iyo router, ini ndinokurudzira kubatanidza yekunze yekuchengetera yuniti uye kuchengetedza matanda ipapo.
c) gadzira kana kuve chikamu che Open Open Mesh network kana pajira riya Wireless network, inozivikanwawo seBATMAN
d) maseva ewebhu se uhttp y nginx
e) infinity yekuchengetedza maficha senge Kismet, aircrack-ng, arpwatch uye macchanger pakati pevamwe; mikana yacho haina muganho! Semuenzaniso: fungidzira kuti nekuda kweX chikonzero ivo vanofanirwa kuwana chaiyo Wifi network asi hazvo havazive yavo pwd kana MAC adhiresi anotenderwa kubatanidza, zvinofungidzirwa kuti vangangoshandisa irinyore router kwavanoisa. openwrt nemashandisirwo anodikanwa uye woimisa kuti ufembere traffic isina waya, tsvaga mapassword, tsvaga yakanyoreswa MAC kero, batanidza kunetiweki uye utumire email kukuzivisa kuti ivo vari mukati medanetwork, ine data rinodiwa kwauri. batanidza kubva chero kwavari. Kana izvi zvangoitwa, zvese zvavanofanirwa kuita kutsvaga nzvimbo kwavanogona kuviga chishandiso chakabatana nemagetsi network, padhuze nepanogona netiweki dzavanofarira uye ngadziite kuti iite mashiripiti ayo ;-D
(Tom Cruise ibhinzi padivi pedu uye sezvakataurwa naEl Indio asati azvitengesa, «Remangwana rakauya nguva yadarika")
f) kupurinda server, nguva server (NTP), nezvimwewo.
g) Kuva distro yakagadzirirwa nema geek uye ma geek pachena isu tichakwanisa kuwana kuburikidza nessh uye zvirokwazvo isu tinofanirwa kuzviita sezvizvi pakutanga kumisikidza graphical interface uye kuimisa: haina kunaka here!
h) mukana wekugadzira inenge isina muganho nhamba (inongogumira neiyo HW pachayo) yeWifi network =)
i) masimba ese eakanakisa firewall munyika, iptables kubasa redu zvese kubva kunyaradzo uye kubva ku graphical interface.
j) zvinoshandiswa senge tmux zvave pedyo, ingoita a # opkg kugadzirisa && opkg gadza tmux saka kuti kushanda mukoni mukati medu router kunofadza
k) Sezvaungave iwe wakacherekedza, maneja wepakeji anoshandisa syntax yakafanana nemaneja wepakeji Debian GNU / Linux Hongu sei opkg inoenderana neyekare ipkg iyo yakazotora dpkg / apt sereferenzi. Ive nekuchenjerera, usawane chero fungidziro nezve uyu maneja wepakeji, haina kuita senge ine simba kana kushanduka sehama dzayo dzakura, asi inoita basa rayo chaizvo.
l) Tine nzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzeWebhu dzatinogona kusarudza zvinoenderana nekutaridzika kwedu pachedu nezvatinofarira. Kwechangu chikamu uye mushure mekuedza kwavo vese ndakasara Luci sezvo chiri chakareruka uye chinonditendera kuti ndiwane akasiyana siyana mabasa e openwrt. Kuti chiri chiedza haisi diki dhata sezvo yangu yekumba router iri inozvininipisa TP-Batanidza TL-WR2573ND uye inowanika nzvimbo inotsvedza ingori 8mb chete, saka iyo shoma nzvimbo yandinoshandisa mune trivia seyakaremerwa uye yakanaka webhu interface iyo yakawanda nzvimbo yandichafanira kurodha maapplication.
m) pakati pemamwe mabasa ane rutsigiro ruzere rweJumbo Mafuremu uye VLANS!
n) Mamwe maficha anosanganisira iwo ayo mazhinji emisha / maOO routers anobuda mubhokisi senge ARP kusunga, static routing, hostnames, DHCP kusunga, nguva yekuwana kutonga, kugona kushandisa akawanda DNS kune yega network, nezvimwe.
o) Kuve GNU / Linux distro isu tichava nekuwana kuzere kune ehurongwa matanda, kernel matanda, madhimoni atinoda kumhanya pakutanga, nezvimwewo, zvakafanana neiyo distro yavari kushandisa.
p) Inosanganisira Nice -uye anobatsira- hacks kuita kuti mwenje ye router ipindure kune zviito zvakati, nenzira iyi, tinogona kuzvimisikidza kuti zvipenye neimwe nzira zvichienderana nekuti tiri kushandisa sei chishandiso (wired, wireless network, senge router, switch, nezvimwewo), patinowana zvishandiso zve USB zvakabatana neiyo router senge yekunze hard drive kana purinda,
q) pakati pezvimwe zvinoshandiswa tinogona kuisa VPN maneja, Nagios, Munin (yakavandudzwa uye Yemahara Nagios), gadza MTD (Kutakura Tsamba Kutumirwa) uye ishandure ive sevha yeemail, isa mc (Pakati peusiku mutungamiri), iyo Avahi / Bonjour / Zeroconf server, kana isu tine yekunze HD yakabatana neyedu mimhanzi muunganidzwa tinogona kumhanyisa dhimoni re mpd mune iyo router iyo ichatibvumidza isu kuti tivabatanidze ivo kwariri kubva kune chero muchina unobatana kune iyo router zvisinei kuti ivo vari pamarudzi akasiyana network, nezvimwe.
r) Kune mazana emamwe mapakeji emarudzi ese kuitira kuti iwe ugone kuita chaunoda neako router, tisingataure kana iwe uine fucking chishandiso. Semazuva ese neGNU / Linux, iwo wega muganho fungidziro yemushandisi

Muchidimbu, openwrt kurota kwemwana kuzadziswa = D

Kudzorera maitiro / KUKUNDA

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti zvinokwanisika kuti nguva dzekutanga dzatakaisa iyi inoshamisa firmware isu tinosara kunze kweiyo router yekugadzirisa chimwe chinhu zvisirizvo kana kudzima kana kutumidzazve chimwe chinhu chatisingafanirwe kunge takabata - asi kuti chimiro chedu chekuda kuziva chinotimanikidza kuzviita xD

Muchokwadi, mupepeti uyo anosaina tsamba iyi, ndinoreva, anga aine iyo gran Pfungwa yekubvisa maratidziro emumbure kuti vazviongorore nekunyatso kugara kunze kweiyo router uye vasingakwanise kuiwana sezvo kunyangwe iyo yakadzamidzirwa sisitimu yaishanda zvishamiso pakanga pasina network interface inogoneswa - hongu, ndiri shasha, zvakaipa! BOLUDO !!!

Vagadziri ve openwrt wakatarisira zviitiko zvakadaro uye unopa chinongedzo cheyakachengeteka boot mode -kutadza- kuitira kuti isu tigone kuita yekukurumidza kuwana uye kumisikidza iyo system.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti utore izvi mune account nekuti neiyo firmware ye openwrt Izvo zvinenge zvine chokwadi chekuti bhatani reseteta remarauta ako harishande sezvanga zvichitarisirwa, ndiko kuti iwe unodzoreredza kumisikidza kweiyo imwechete kune iyo fekitori marongero. Muchokwadi, bhatani rinoshandiswa munzira kutadza de openwrt asi chete kutumira chiratidzo kune chishandiso pane imwe nguva uye kuti tinokwanisa kupinda muchina zvakare kuburikidza telnet kana ssh.

Zvinogona zvakare kuitika kwavari zvidhinha iyo router kana vakaisa chifananidzo chisina kukodzera icho, pakadaro kudzoreredza kwechigadzirwa kunenge kwakaomarara pakuti maitiro acho anosanganisira kuvhura iyo kuti iwane iyo yakabatanidzwa, kugadzira mudziyo wemagetsi watinozopa chikafu. kuburikidza ne USB tambo yakabatana kumuchina wedu uye wozobatanidza kune iyo router kuburikidza ne serial console, shandisa FTP server -TFTP- yechinyakare kwazvo kuteedzera iyo firmware chaiyo, gadziridza iyo nyowani mufananidzo, nezvimwewo, hapana chakaomesesa kunyangwe tikasaita nemazvo isu tinomhanyisa njodzi yekupisa iyo router.

Screenshots

Heano mamwe mifananidzo yeBusyBox shell uye Luci web interface:

Parizvino sumo ye openwrt, Gare gare ini ndinonyora inoteedzana yekumisikidza gwaro, kupfuura chero chinhu chinowanzoitika mamiriro anogona kusangana, kunyanya kuitira kuti maawa ekutsvagisa andakaisa akachengetedzwa kuverenga matani ezvinyorwa uye kuchinjana mazano pa IRC kudzamara ndasiya yangu router ichimhanya sezvandinayo nhasi.