Yakagadziriswa maringe naSysvinit. Uye Systemd-shim?

Systemd parizvino ndiyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pachishandiswa "Kernel Boot Systems" (Init) iyo inogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzeUnix, senge Linux. Yakagadzirwa makore mashoma apfuura ne Lennart Pottering (kunyanya) padhuze ne Kay sievers (aimbova Red Hat). Parizvino ine LGPL 2.1 rezinesi (kunze kwekubvumirwa pasi peGPL2). Kunyange kune dzimwe nzira, sevanhu vekare uye vechivanhu SysVinit uye Upstart, kune zvekare dzimwe nzira itsva dziri kuitwa senge Yakagadziriswa-shim.

Zvakare uye kuve yakanyanya kushandiswa, Systemd zvakare ndeimwe yemakakatanwa uye dzimwe nguva inovengwa nechikamu chakakosha chevashandisi, iyo inowanzo ramba kuomarara kwayo uye kunyanya kutonga kana kudzora pamusoro pemabasa eDistros yayo. Nechikonzero ichi, dzimwe nzira dzekare kana dzazvino dzichiri kuwedzera mumatunhu akakura eGNU / Linux Nharaunda.

Parizvino Systemd seMahara Software chirongwa chinotambirwa pa GitHub uye ine zvinyorwa zvakakwana pawebhusaiti ye «Yasarangww". Uye zvisinei nekuti mune dzimwe nguva takataura zvakanyanya nezve Systemd pane iyo blog, semuenzaniso, mune iyo positi inonzi «Kuratidzira SisitimuD« kubva kumunyori "Usemoslinux"Nhasi tinotarisira kuwedzera zvishoma nekuenzanisa zvimwe zvezvimwe zviripo.

Chii chinonzi Systemd?

Systemd iSystem uye Services Administrator yeLinux-based Systems. Asi, zvakanyanya, inogona zvakare kutsanangurwa se seti yezvivakwa zvekuvakisa zveLinux System, sezvo ichipa «MaSystem uye Services Administrator » iyo inomhanya seyakaitwa (PID 1) uye inotanga iyo yese sisitimu.

Systemd inopa simba rekufananidza kugona, inoshandisa "zvigadziko" uye "D-Bus activation" kutanga masevhisi. Mukuwedzera, inopa "kutanga" Pakukumbira kwemadhimoni, inoteedzera mashandisiro ekushandisa maLinux mapoka ekudzora, inogadzirisa makomo emakomo uye otomatiki, uye inoshandisa kuwedzeredza kutengeserana kunoenderana-based service control zvine musoro.

Chekupedzisira, uye zvakanyanya, zvinogona kuwedzerwa izvo Systemd inoenderana neSysV uye LSB yekutanga zvinyorwa uye nanhasi yashanda seyakabudirira kutsiva SysVinit pane dzakawanda GNU / Linux Distros, zvisinei nekushoropodzwa kwakanaka kana makomendi asina kunaka nezvazvo.

Uye inosanganisira rejista daemon, zvinoshandiswa kudzora masisitimu ehurongwa senge hostname, zuva, nzvimbo, chengetedza rondedzero yevakapinda mukati mevashandisi nemidziyo uye unomhanya chaiwo michina, masystem maakaundi, madhairekitori uye nguva dzekumhanya uye madhimoni ekugadzirisa yakapusa network kumisikidzwa, network nguva kuwiriranisa, kutumira marekodhi uye kugadzirisa zita.

Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, izvo zvainoiswa seinorema, yakaoma uye inobata pane iyo Distros uko kwainoitwa, kunyangwe ichizadzisa zvinogutsa zvinangwa zvayakagadzirirwa. Zvakawanda zvekuti iyo inozivikanwa Distro DEBHANI, amai vevamwe vakawanda veGNU / Linux Distros, vanga vachizvishandisa kwechinguva, izvo zvakakonzera kukudzwa kwayo.

Chii sysvinit?

SysVinit ndeimwe yekare uye yazvino Ma Administrator ehurongwa nemasevhisi eSystem yakanangana neLinux. Ichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya pane dzakawanda zve GNU / Linux Distros ye trajectories, uye nyowani, senge Devuan.

Kubva kuSysVinit sechirongwa zvinotevera zvinogona kusimbiswa:

«Ndiyo yekutanga kumhanya mushure mekunge kernel yatakurwa uye iyo inoburitsa mamwe maitiro, inomhanya seinit daemon uye kazhinji ine PID 1. Inopa yakajairwa maitiro ekudzora kuti ndedzipi zvirongwa init inotanga kana kumira pane imwe mwero wekuita ”. Sekureva Ex-Debian.org Wiki

Kusiyana "Init" (Maitiro uye maneja masevhisi kutanga kweiyo Unix masisitimu), iyo yakatanga masevhisi achishandisa imwechete script inonzi "/ Etc / rc", SysVinit yakatanga kushandisa dhairekitori schema mu "/Etc/rc.d/" iyo yanga iine yekutanga / yekumira zvinyorwa zveakasiyana masevhisi.

Uye papakeji uye nhanho yekuita, SysVinit ine zvirongwa zvekutangisa kutanga, kuuraya uye kurodha pasi mamwe mapurogiramu. Izvi zvinosanganisira: kumisa, init, killall5, yekupedzisira, lastb, mesg, pidof, poweroff, reboot, runlevel, shutdown, sulogin, telinit, utmpdump, uye madziro. Ruzivo rwakakosha kune avo vanoshuvira kuisa nekushandisa sysvinit.

Nanhasi, kurwa pakati Systemd y sysvinit yanga yakaoma, uye yakakodzera kuenzaniswa neiyo ye WhatsApp y teregiramu. Uye kunyange chiri chokwadi kuti anokudzwa sysvinit ine zvikanganiso kana zvikanganiso (zvinoenderana nemaonero emunhu wega wega), izvo zvingangogadziriswa neimwe nzira, vatsigiri ve Systemd kazhinji unotaura neushingi izvozvo Systemd parizvino ndiyo yakanakisa kupfuura ese Sisitimu nevatariri vebasa yekutanga Unix masisitimu zvazvino.

Kubva pachokwadi ichocho, uye kubva pakurwira ikoko kwakazvarwa iyo «Init Rusununguko» (IF) Campaign yakagadzirirwa kupokana nharo iyoyo. Init Rusununguko inoedza kudzoreredza nzira ine hutano kuPID1, iyo inoremekedza kusiyanisa uye rusununguko rwekusarudza. Kana iwe uchida rumwe ruzivo, unogona kuwana nekushanyira chinotevera chinongedzo: Mushandirapamwe «Init Rusununguko» (IF), ruzivo rwakadai se GNU / Linux distros inoshandisa dzimwe nzira kuSystemd.

Chii chinonzi Systemd-shim?

Chekupedzisira asi chisiri chidiki, tinosangana iyo inoshamisa sarudzo kune Systemd-shim. Izvo zvinoenderana nePHEBAN peji rechikamu iri pasuru iyo:

"Inoburitsa basa reSystemd rinodiwa kumhanyisa systemd vabatsiri pasina kushandisa iyo init sevhisi."

Kuti unzwisise zvaanogona "Systemd-shim" kana mashandiro ayo, zvakanaka kuti uione uchidzidzira paDistro iyo yakabatsira zvakanyanya, ndokuti, MX-Linux. Izvo zvinoenderana nevakagadziri vayo yanga iri iyo MX-Linux ine yayo yakasarudzika ficha:

“Kupa mushandisi kugona kusarudza pakati peSystemd neSysVinit pane zvakaiswa masystem. Musanganiswa wemashiripiti wakagoneka nepakeji inonzi Systemd-shim. Nekudaro, kuvandudza pane systemd-shim kwakamira imwe nguva yapfuura, uye DEBIAN nguva pfupi yadarika akabvisa iyo package kubva kuBuster repositories. Isu tinonzwisisa kuti mamiriro azvino e systemd-shim haasi kushanda nemhando ye Systemd mu DEBIAN Buster, saka tiri kutsvaga sarudzo dzeramangwana reMX. Kusvikira izvozvi, chinhu chimwe chatinoda kuongorora ndiko mukana wekuenderera mberi nekugadziriswa kweiyo systemd-shim (uye chero systemd zvigamba zvingave zvichidikanwa kuti systemd-shim ishande nemazvo).

Systemd-shim yakapa mhedzisiro yakadaro kuMX-Linux, iyo kunze kwekumwe kushanda kwakanakira uye zvakanakira iyo yakati Distro, MX-Linux inotanga muDistrowatch uye ine hurongwa hweramangwana hwekuenderera mberi nekushandisa Sisitimu-shim pane vhezheni itsva yeMX-Linux 19 kuuya kuvhura kwakavakirwa pa DHEVHANI 10 (Buster).

Ini pachezvangu ndinokurudzira MX-Linux 18.X ine Systemd-shim, sezvo iri inokurumidza kupenya uye inoshanda zvakanyanya. Uye mune yangu chaiyo nyaya yakandibvumidza kuti ndigadzire yangu Distro zvichibva pairi, iyo yandakadaidza: MilagrOS GNU / Linux.

Dzimwe nzira?

Mukupfupisa, kusanganisira izvo zvataurwa, isu tine pakati pazvino sarudzo dze «MaSystem Administrators neMasevhisi eSystem »(init masystem) eLinux a:

• kuvhura
• runit
• s6
• mufudzi
• chitadzo
• systemd
• systemd-shim
• sysvinit

Mhedziso

Ndinovimba iyi posvo inobatsira kwazvo kwauri, maererano nekuziva zvishoma zvishoma nezve yega yeiyo Init zvataurwa, uyezve zvinovabatsira kusarudza GNU / Linux Distro neimwe «MaSystem nemasevhisi maneja weSystem ». Uye pChekupedzisira, kune avo vane zvishoma zvishoma vanofarira kushandiswa kwe Systemd, Ini ndinokurudzira kuverenga chinotevera chinongedzo: Ngano huru dze Systemd.