Uchishandisa RT kernel (low latency)

Miguel Mayol, muteveri mukuru uye muongorori weiyi blog, akakurudzira chinyorwa chakaburitswa muna hispasonic pamusoro pekushandisa kweRT kernels, iyo isu tasarudza kushambadza uye kuwedzera mune zvimwe zvikamu zvacho. ari RT maziso bvumira a kuita kwakanyanya mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhuSemuenzaniso, odhiyo yekumisikidza kana kushandiswa kweanenge mimhanzi zviridzwa

Multitasking tsanga

Iyo Linux kernel, senge iyo yazvino mazhinji masisitimu anoshanda, iri multitasking. Izvi zvinoreva kuti akati wandei zvirongwa zviri kumhanya panguva imwe chete.

Muchokwadi, izvi hazvisizvo chaizvo zvazviri. Izvo iwe zvaunoita kuisa zvirongwa mumutsara uye, imwe neumwe, iyo microprocessor inovaitisa ivo kune imwe yakati nguva. Kana izvi zvangopera, microprocessor inokanganisa basa racho, richiisiya iri pakati, ndokupa rinotevera. Iyi nguva yenguva inonzi yakawanda kana chidimbu chenguva, uye haifanirwe kunge ichigara ichiitika.

Kufananidza kwakanaka kunogona kuve mubiki mubhawa achigadzirira madhishi akati wandei panguva imwe chete: sangweji yechiuno, sangweji inoyerera, saradhi yakavhenganiswa ... Zvino ndinomedura chingwa, kubatidza pani, pachinenge kuchidziya ndinosuka lettuce, nezvimwe.

Kana iyo quantum iri diki zvakakwana, iyo yekuzviisa pasi kune anoona anononoka, senge munhu, ndeyekuti panzvimbo pekukurumidza processor kuita mabasa neimwe nzira tinononoka processor yeumwe neumwe wavo (vanoverengeka vanobika mukicheni imwe chete zvishoma nezvishoma vachiita imwe neimwe imwe ndiro imwe).

Basa rekushandura rinouya nemubhadharo

Multitasking haina mahara: inosanganisira processor pamusoro. Chokwadi, kudzinga basa rimwe uye kurodha rinotevera ibasa rakawedzera. Uku kuvhiya kunodaidzwa kunzi 'mamiriro ekuchinja' kana 'task switching'. Zvinenge zvichidhura zvakanyanya maererano neCPU yekumhanyisa zvirongwa zvacho, rimwe nerimwe, pane kuzvicheka kuita 'zvidimbu' uye kusvetuka kubva kune mumwe kuenda kune mumwe. Nekudaro, iyo sisitimu yaizorasikirwa nekudyidzana, isu hatigone kuve akati wandei windows akavhurwa kana, mune kesi yeserura, teerera kune akati wandei zvikumbiro panguva imwe chete

Latency uye kuita

Ngatitii mubiki wedu anofanirwa kubvisa makumi maviri emakirogiramu emapaundi uye gomba makirogiramu makumi maviri emaorivhi. Basa racho rakarongwa sei?

Kana zvanyanyisa, anotanga kusvuura matanga ose, oshambidza maoko ake kuti asasanganisa zvinwiwa, uye ozokanda maorivhi ese. Tichazvimiririra seizvi:

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG… C AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA…

Pane zvakapesana zvakanyanyisa, aigona kubvisa ganda, kugeza maoko, kuchera muorivhi, kugeza maoko ake ... prawn, olive, prawn, olive ... Tichazvimiririra seizvi:

GCACGCACGCACGCACGCACGCACGCGCGCACGCACGCACGCGCACGCACGCACGCACGCAC…

Iyo 'C' inomiririra shanduko mune mamiriro: kugeza maoko, chinja midziyo ...

Panguva imwecheteyo, hweta anounganidza zvikumbiro zvevatengi: "Imwe ine prawns!" ... "Imwe ine maorivhi!" ... uye anovaendesa kukicheni.

Muchiitiko chekutanga, ngatitii mutengi anopinda obvunza chikamu che shrimp. Hapana dambudziko, rinoshumirwa nekukasira. Asi ko kana akakumbira maorivhi? Mubatsiri wacho haana kukwanisa kuishandisa kusvikira tambo dzose dzasvuurwa. Mune ino kesi, iyo latency, inova iyo nguva inopfuura kubva kana chikumbiro chikaitwa kusvikira chapindurwa, chingave chakakwirira kwazvo.

Muchiitiko chechipiri, chero chinenge chakumbirwa nemutengi, chichawanikwa munguva pfupi, zvakare zvakafanana mune zvese zviitiko. Latency ichave yakaderera, asi pamutengo: nekuda kweshanduko yemamiriro ezvinhu pachave nekudzikira mukuita, kunzwisiswa sechikamu chenguva iyo iyo CPU irikuita zvakananga zvibereko mabasa, panzvimbo yemabasa ekutsigira.

Zviripachena mune iyi kesi mhinduro kwayo ingave iri yepakati nzvimbo, iyo yaizotsamira pahukuru hwechipo uye kugoverwa kwenhamba kwezvikumbiro. Queue dzidziso ndiro bazi remasvomhu iro rinokoshesa kudzidza aya mamiriro uye nekupa akakwana mhinduro.

Sezvauri kuona, latency uye kuita zvinopesana. Neichi chikonzero hachisi chokwadi kutaura kuti rt kernels inopa mamwe mashandiro. Pane kupokana, kudzikisa latency kunoderedza mashandiro emuchina uye nekudaro isarudzo yakashata yemasisitimu asingade mhinduro dzakakurumidza, senge webhu kana dhatabhesi dhatabhesi.

Pane zvinopesana, yakaderera latency kernels yakanakira mumamiriro ezvinhu iyo yekumhanyisa kumhanyisa yekupindura kune ekunze zvinokonzeresa zvichidikanwa, senge maindasitiri ekudzora masystem kana inowirirana multimedia kunyorera, tichiziva kuti isu tiri kupira chikamu chesimba remuchina mukuvimbisa kuti nekukurumidza kuita .

Zvinokosha

Sarudzo inonakidza muhurongwa hwekuita mabasa mazhinji ndeyekupa zvakakosheswa zvakasiyana kumabasa, nenzira yekuti akakosha anowana nguva yakawanda kubva kumushanduri uye mashoma asingakoshi zvishoma. Mune yakajairwa kernel izvi zvinoitwa ne 'Nice' rairo. Kana mubiki wedu achitarisira kushandira akawanda ma prawns pane maorivhi, angaita zvakanaka kushandisa nguva yakawanda pane yekutanga, hongu.

Kernel RT (kana yakaderera latency)

Dambudziko neyakajairika tsanga ndeyekuti mabasa haagone kukanganiswa chero kupi, iwe unofanirwa kuvamirira kuti vasvike dzimwe nzvimbo dzekuuraya kwavanogona kumiswa kuti vachinjire kune imwe. Izvi zvinounza yatinoti latency.

Kuti uzviise nenzira yakapfava, RT kernels inobvumidza kukanganisa mabasa munzvimbo dzakawanda kupfuura zvakajairika tsanga. Ivo vanogona kuita, sekutaura, zvidimbu zvidimbu zvenguva, saka iro razvino basa richadzingwa nekukurumidza uye redu rekutanga basa richakwanisa kuwana iyo CPU nekukurumidza. Naizvozvo iyo latency ichave yakaderera.

Ngatitaurei kuti RT kernel inotibvumidza kusiya hafu-yakasvuurwa shrimp kana izvo zvinodiwa nekukurumidza panguva iyoyo kukanda muorivhi nekukurumidza sezvinobvira, nepo mune yakajairwa kernel zvingave zvakafanira kupedzisa kuona shrimp.

Kunze kwekugadzira zvidimbu zvidimbu, RT kernels ine yakanyanya kuomarara system, uko kwekutanga mabasa asinganetsi kutsemana (preempting) kuti utore kutonga kweCUU, kudzikisira mamwe mapurogiramu chero zvakakosha kusangana nezvinodiwa.

Ndezvipi zvakakosha kushandisa RT kernel?

Muzviitiko zviviri:

1) Kana tichida yakaderera kwazvo latency, ndiko kuti, kukurumidza kwazvo kuita kwemuchina. Muenzaniso wakajeka mashandiro ezviridzwa, apo iwe unoda chiridzwa kurira nekukasira kana uchidhinda kiyi pane MIDI keyboard.

2) Kana tichida zvakakosha zvakanyanya, ndiko kuti, iro basa redu repamberi harivhiringidzwe nechinhu chero chiri munyika (kunze kwekunge mune tsaona ine njodzi kuti CPU yakaremerwa zvekuti inodarika 100% mashandisiro). Semuenzaniso, isu tiri kurekodha odhiyo chikamu neArdor uye tichitarisa iyo fader zviratidzo zvinokwira nekudzika. Izvo hazvina basa kana isu tikarasikirwa neyekuvandudza furemu yeiyo maficha sekureba sekunge kurira kwekufambisa kubva maikorofoni kuenda kune rakaomarara diski risingakanganiswe. Iyo RT kernel inodzora iyo fader yekuzorodza sekureba sekudikanwa sekureba sekunge pasina imwe chete yemodhiyo inorasika.

Izvo zvakati, kazhinji iwo matsva asiri maRT kernels akavandudza zvakanyanya kwavo kuronga basa uye pekutanga manejimendi. Kana iwe usina iyo CPU pamugumo wezvaingaite kernel zvakajairika zvinopa kuita kunogamuchirwa zvakakwana.

Ndeipi latency inokurudzirwa?

Ini pachangu, chero chinhu chiri pazasi pe10 ms chakandinakira uye kubva pamakumi maviri ms ini ndatotanga kuona kunonoka zvakajeka. Kune vanhu vanonetsa.

Kuiswa

PaUbuntu uye zvigadzirwa:

sudo apt-tora kuisa linux-misoro-yakaderera
sudo apt-tora kuisa linux-lowlatency
sudo update-grub

Pakutanga, iwe unenge uine sarudzo mbiri (yakajairwa kernel uye yakaderera latency imwe).

MuArch uye zvigadzirwa:

Yourt -S linux-rt
sudo update-grub

mabviro: hispasonic