UNIX inobva kupi?

Kwaziso kune vese 🙂 mavhiki aya ndanga ndichivaraidzwa ndichiverenga mamwe mabhuku epurogiramu, chokwadi ndechekuti nzira yakanakisa yekudzidza kuronga inogara iine bhuku, chero chinyorwa, dzidziso, gwara iro munhu anogona kuwana (kusanganisira rangu) zvinongova mabhenji kana uchivaenzanisa nebhuku chairo pamusoro penyaya iyi. Zvino, isu tinofanirwa kutsanangura kuti chii "chairo" bhuku zvakare, nekuti haazi mabhuku ese anowanzo kuve akanaka, uye mazhinji acho anogona kutodhura kupfuura zvaari kukosha uye kutambisa nguva.

Mumakore ese aya runyorwa rwemabhuku andakaverenga uye iwo runyorwa rwemabhuku andinogona kukurudzira akatsauka zvishoma, asi pasina kupokana pakati pevamwe vandinoda (hatina kurongeka):

• CEH Certified Ethical Hacker naMat Walker.
• Kutanga Python: Kubva Novice kuenda kuhunyanzvi naMagnus Lie Hetland.
• Kubiridzira: hunyanzvi hwekushandisa naJon Erickson.
• Kutanga naArduino naMassimo Banzi.
• Kudzidza iyo bash Shell naCameron Newbam & Bill Rosenblatt.
• Kudzidza vi uye vim vapepeti naArnold Robbins, Elbert Hannah & Linda Lamb.
• Linux Kernel mune Nutshell naGreg Kroah-Hartman (mugadziri weGentoo futi).
• Yemazuva ano C naJens Gustedt
• Bhuku raShellcoder raChris Anley, John Heasman, Felix «FX» Linder & Gerardo Richarte.
• Mutauro weC programming naBrian W. Kernighan & Dennis M. Ritchie (vagadziri veC)
• Kugadzirisa GDB naRichard Stallman, Roland Pesch, Stan Shebs, et al.
• Kubiridzira Linux Kwakaburitswa: Linux Zvivande Zvekuchengetedza uye Mhinduro kubva kuboka rakakura revatsvakurudzi veISECOM, vanosanganisira Pete Herzog, Marga Barceló, Rick Tucker, Andrea Barisani (mumwe aimbova mushambadzi weGentoo), Thomas Bader, Simon Biles, Colby Clark, Raoul Chiesa, Pablo Endres , Richard Feist, Andrea Ghirardini, Julian "HammerJammer" Ho, Marco Ivaldi, Dru Lavigne, Stephane Lo Presti, Christopher Low, Ty Miller, Armand Puccetti & et al.
• Maitiro Ekushandisa: Iyo Pfungwa-Yakavakirwa Nzira naDhananjay M. Dhamdhere
• Pro Git naScott Chacon naBen Straub
• Nyanzvi C Chirongwa: Zvakavanzika zvakadzika naPeter Van Der Linden.

Ini ndaigona kutaura zvakanakisa rimwe nerimwe remabhuku aya, asi kwanhasi tichatora mamwe emavhesi kubva kune yekupedzisira pane rondedzero, nekuti mazhinji eaya maantectode akandikwezva uye akandibatsira kuti ndinzwisise zvimwe zvakavanzika zvakaoma zveC uye programming. kazhinji

Unix naC

Kana isu tichitaura nezve UNIX, nhoroondo inosanganisirwa nekwakatangira sisitimu iyi uye nekuvandudzika kwemutauro uyo kusvikira nhasi ndiyo imwe yeanonyanyo shandiswa mukukudziridzwa kwayo pamwe nezvinobva kwazviri (kusanganisira Linux). Uye zvinoshamisa, vaviri ava vanozvarwa kubva ku "chikanganiso."

Multitrics Yakanga iri mega chirongwa chakaunza pamwechete Bell Laboratories, General Electric uye MIT pachayo kugadzira system yekushandisa, yakati system yakaratidza zvikanganiso zvakawanda, uye pakati pechimwe chezvakakosha, kukundikana kwekuita kwakaita kuti sisitimu isashande. Tiri kutaura nezve gore ra1969, saka hardware yenguva iyoyo yaisakwanisa kutsigira huwandu hwesoftware yaidikanwa kumhanyisa system yacho pachayo.

Zvanga zvisiri kusvika muna1970 apo mainjiniya eBell paakatanga kushanda pane yakapusa, inokurumidza, uye isingaremi masisitimu anoshanda ePDP-7. Sisitimu yese yaive yakanyorwa mukati Assembler uye ndakanga ndadaidzwa UNIX semufananidzo we Multitrics sezvo iye aingoda chete kuita zvishoma zvinhu, asi kuzviita zvakanaka pachinzvimbo chikuru basa rakatambiswa iro rechipiri raireva. Iye zvino unogona kunzwisisa kuti nei Epoch inotanga Ndira 1, 1970. Rather Chokwadi chiri kuda kuziva kwandiri. Panguva iyoyo pakanga pasisina kutaura nezveC pachayo, asi nezve Nyowani B sezvo pfungwa dzaRitchie dzakabva mumutauro waimboshandiswa weB wenguva iyoyo.

Pakutanga C

Kwemakore (1972-3) izwi C rakatanga kushandiswa kubva mutauro mutsva uchinge watanga kuumbika, uye panguva ino chimwe chokwadi chinoberekwa, vazhinji ma programmers nema programmer majee vanoti:

Mapurogiramu vanoziva kuti iwe unotanga kuverenga kubva pa0 panzvimbo pe1.

Zvakanaka, ichi hachisi chokwadi zvachose - chikonzero chaicho nei ichi chichifungidzirwa nenzira iyi nanhasi ndechekuti pakusikwa kwayo, kune vanyori vekunyora zvaive nyore kuverenga rondedzero uchishandisa kukanganisa, aya anoratidza chinhambwe chiripo kubva panotangira kune chinangwa chaunoda, ndosaka:

array[8]=2;

Zvinotiudza icho chinhu 9  yeakarongeka inotsanangurwa se2, nekuti zvikamu zvisere zvinowedzerwa munongedzo kuti usvike munzvimbo yekurangarira panochengeterwa elementi 8. Pamberi paC, mitauro yakawanda yakatanga kuverenga kubva pa2, nekuda kweC, izvozvi zvinenge zvese zvinotanga na1 🙂 saka haisi mhosva yevagadziri, asi yevanyori vekunyora kuti izvi ndizvo.

Iyo Bourne Shell

Uyu ndiwo musoro wenyaya uyo, kunyangwe usingaenderane zvakananga neC, unogona kubatsira vanopfuura mumwe chete kuti vanzwisise kuti nei Shell chirongwa chiri chakashamisa, uye chiri chokwadi kuziva. Steve Bourne akanyora compiler yeAlgol-68 mwaka iwoyo, uyu mutauro mune makiyi ( {} ) zvinotsiviwa nemazwi, saka tinogona kuzvitsanangura zvinotevera muC:

#define IF if(

#define THEN ){

#define ELSE }else{

#define FI };

Iyi ingori mimwe mienzaniso yezvinonzwisiswa neAlgol, asi kana tikazoishandisa kuzvirongwa zveShell nhasi, iwe unonzwisisa kuti sei muganda mapurogiramu ako achida fi kune yeumwe neumwe if Interesting zvirokwazvo inonakidza.

Tanga kuverenga

Ini handikwanise kukuudza zvese zvakadzama zvebhuku, kunyanya sezvo mazhinji acho ari kutoronga misoro inoda kuti kumashure kunzwisisike, asi ndakafunga kuti ndichagovana newe mamwe emashoko anoshamisa andakawana munzira. handina kuwana Nguva yekushanda pane zvimwe zvezvinhu zvave zviri pane zvekuita nekuti aya mashoma mabhuku ekupedzisira akangondibata uye ndiri kunakidzwa nawo mazuva ese uye pamusoro pezvese ndichiedza kuzvinzwisisa zvizere. Kwazisai uye munguva pfupi inotevera ndichave ndinokwanisa kugovana newe mimwe misoro, kwaziso.