Boka re Vatsvagiri vanobva kuYunivhesiti yeVirginia neCalifornia vakaratidza mhando nyowani yekurwisa kune microarchitecture zvivakwa zvea processor Intel uye AMD.
Iyo yakarongwa nzira yekurwisa inosanganiswa nekushandiswa kwepakati pekuchengetedza kwema micro-mashandiro (micro-op cache) mune mapurosesa, ayo anogona kushandiswa kuburitsa ruzivo rwakagadzikana mukati mekufungidzira kuitiswa kwemirairo.
Zvinoonekwa kuti nzira nyowani inopfuura inopfuura Specter kurwisa v1 maererano nekuita, zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuona kurwisa uye haina kuvharirwa nenzira dziripo dzekuzvidzivirira pakurwiswa kuburikidza nematanho emumativi akagadzirirwa kudzivirira kusagadzikana kunokonzerwa nekufungidzira kuitiswa kwemirairo.
Semuenzaniso, kushandiswa kweshoko reLFENCE kunovhara kuburitsa muzvikamu zvekupedzisira zvekufungidzira kuuraya, asi hakuchengetedze kubva mukudonha kuburikidza nemaumbirwo ediki.
Iyo nzira inokanganisa Intel uye AMD processor modhi dzakaburitswa kubvira 2011, kusanganisira Intel Skylake uye AMD Zen akateedzana. Mazuva ano maCPU anokanganisa mapurojekiti akaomarara kuita nyore RISC-senge microoperations, ayo akachengetwa mune rakasiyana cache.
Iyi cache rakasiyana zvachose neepamusoro-chikamu kacheji, haisvikike zvakananga uye inoita senzvimbo yekuyerera kuti ikurumidze kuwana mhedzisiro yekumisikidza mirairo yeCISC mune RISC microinstruction.
Zvisinei, vatsvakurudzi vawana nzira yekugadzira mamiriro anomuka panguva yekukonana kwekuwana cache uye kubvumidza kutonga zvirimo mune cache yeiyo micro-mashandiro nekuongorora misiyano munguva yekuuraya yezimwe zviito.
Iyo micro-op cache pane Intel processors yakakamurwa inoenderana neiyo CPU tambo (Hyper-Threading), nepo ma processor AMD Zen inoshandisa cache yakagovaniswa, iyo inogadzira mamiriro ekudonhedza dhata kwete chete mukati meimwe tambo yekuuraya, asi zvakare pakati peshinda dzakasiyana muSMT (kudonhedza dhata kunogoneka pakati pekodhi inomhanya pane akasiyana anonzwisisika cores eCUU).
Vatsvakurudzi vakatsanangura nzira inokosha kuona shanduko mune cache ye micro-ops uye akasiyana siyana mamiriro ekurwisa ayo anotendera kuumba yakavanda dhata yekufambisa dhatabhesi uye kushandisa kodhi iri panjodzi kusefa zvakavanzika data, zvese zviri mukati meimwe nzira (semuenzaniso, kuronga maitiro e data rinodonha kana uchimhanya wechitatu -party kodhi muJIT injini uye chaiwo michina) uye pakati pekernel nemaitiro munzvimbo yemushandisi.
Nekutara musiyano weiyo Specter kurwisa vachishandisa iyo micro-op cache, ivo vaongorori vakakwanisa kuwana chiyero che 965.59 Kbps ine chikanganiso che 0.22% uye 785.56 Kbps kana uchishandisa kukanganisa kururamisa, mune chiitiko chekudonha mukati meyechete memory. nzvimbo. kero. uye ropafadzo nhanho.
Nedonhwe rinotambanudza dzakasiyana rombo nhanho (pakati penzvimbo nenzvimbo yemushandisi), kuburitsa yaive 85,2 Kbps ine yakawedzera kukanganisa kururamisa uye 110,96 Kbps ine 4% yekukanganisa mwero.
Kana uchirwisa AMD Zen mapurosesa, ichigadzira kuburitsa pakati pezvakasiyana zvine musoro CPU cores, kuburitsa kwaive 250 Kbps ine kukanganisa kwenhamba kwe5,59% uye 168,58 Kbps nekanganiso kururamisa. Inofananidzwa neyechinyakare Specter v1 nzira, iyo nyowani yekurwisa yakazove iri 2,6 times nekukurumidza.
Kudzikamisa micro-op cache kurwisa kunotarisirwa kuti kuchida kwakawanda kuita-kunodzikisira shanduko kupfuura pakagadziriswa Specter.
Seyakakwana kukanganisa, zvinokurudzirwa kuvhara kurwisa kwakadai kwete nekuremadza caching, asi padanho rekusarongeka kwekutarisa uye kuona zvakajairika cache nyika dzekurwiswa.
Sezvazvakaita mukurwisa kweSpecter, kuronga kuburitsa kernel kana mamwe maitiro kunoda kuitiswa kwechimwe chinyorwa (gadget) padivi remunhu akabatwa nemaitiro, zvichitungamira mukufungidzira kuitiswa kwemirairo.
Dzinosvika zana michina yakadaro yakawanikwa muLinux kernel, inozobviswa, asi mhinduro dzinowanikwa nguva nenguva kuti dzigadzire, semuenzaniso, idzo dzakabatana nekutangisa zvakanyatsogadzirwa zvirongwa zveBPF mukernel.
Finalmente kana iwe uchifarira kuziva zvakawanda nezvazvo, unogona kutarisa ruzivo Mune inotevera chinongedzo.