Postni o'rnatish bo'yicha qo'llanma DEBIAN 8/9 - 2016 - I qism

Ushbu imkoniyatda biz barchamiz bajaradigan ba'zi muhim qadamlar haqida suhbatlashamiz GNU Linux DEBIAN tarqatilishini o'zining 8-sonli versiyasida o'rnating Jessie (Stable) yoki 9 Stretch (Testing)yoki unga asoslangan holda.

Tavsiya: Ushbu bosqichlarni bajarayotganda men konsol xabarlarini diqqat bilan kuzatib bordim va ko'rsatganlarni qabul qilishga ayniqsa ehtiyot bo'ldim paketlar olib tashlanadi ...".

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0-QADAM: ISHLAB CHIQARISH TIZIMI VA Ildiz terminali tashabbusi

1-QADAM: ASOSIY TARMOQ TAShKILOTLARINI O'RNATISH

QADAM 1.1 TARMOQNI BOSHQARUVCHI VA TARMOQ INTERFEYSINI OPTIMIZATSIYa QILISh

• O'rnatish Tarmoq menejeri:

nano /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf

• «So'zini o'zgartiringyolg'on"tomonidan"haqiqiy«
• O'zgarishlarni saqlang
• Xizmatni qayta yoqing:

service network-manager restart

• O'rnatish Tarmoq interfeysi:

nano /etc/network/interfaces

• Joriy konfiguratsiyani yangisiga o'zgartiring:

NUEVA POR DHCP
============

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
allow-hotplug eth0
#iface eth0 inet dhcp

Eslatma: Agar oxirgi satrda shunday bo'lsa, sharhlanadi Tarmoq menejeri faollashtirilgan (haqiqiy) bu boshqaruvni amalga oshiradi DHCP. Agar siz o'chirib qo'ysangiz, izoh bermang (yolg'on) yoki yo'q Tarmoq menejeri.

NUEVA POR STATIC
=============

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
allow-hotplug eth0
#iface eth0 inet dhcp
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.XXX
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.1.0
broadcast 192.168.1.255
gateway 192.168.1.1

dns-nameservers 192.168.1.1
dns-search tu_dominio.com

• Xizmatni qayta yoqing:

service networking restart

Eslatma: Agar sizda bo'lsa Tarmoq menejeri o'rnatilgan va faollashtirilgan boshqaruvni amalga oshirishi mumkin DHCP grafikalar orqali.

1.2-QADAM JAMOA DOMAININI TAShKIL ETING

• Faylni tahrirlash Resolutionv.conf:

cat /etc/resolv.conf

- Tarmoq parametrlarini belgilash orqali quyidagi tarkibni qo'shing: # NetworkManager tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan your_domain.com nameserver 192.168.1.1

1.3 QADAM TIZIMNING PROXSI VA WEB BROWSERINI TAShKIL ETING

Eslatma: Kompyuteringiz Internetda ishlash uchun proksi (shaffof emas) infratuzilmasida bo'lsa, ushbu qadamni bajaring.

FOYDALANUVCHI MENU -> SCREWDRIVER NUT SIMBOL BILAN NAZORAT PANELI TUGMASI (TIZIMNING NAZORATLARI) -> "TARMOQ" VARSIYASI -> "TARMOQ VAXSIYATI" VARSIYASI -> QO'LLANMAYDIGAN VARSIT -> ZARUR O'zgarishlarni amalga oshiring.

BRYUZER «FIREFOX» ASOSIDA «ICEWEASEL» singari -> NAVBAT -> RIVOJLANTIRILGAN -> TARMOQ -> KONFIGURASYON -> PROKSIYNING QO'LLANILMASI

1.4 Manbalarni optimallashtirish. RO'YXAT

• Tegishli tarkibni tahrirlash va qo'shish:

nano /etc/apt/sources.list

Eslatma: Agar siz o'rta yoki yuqori darajadagi bilimlardan foydalanuvchi bo'lsangiz, men DEBIAN mahalliy omborlarining barcha qatorlarini amalga oshirishni maslahat beraman, ammo agar siz yangi boshlang'ich yoki boshlang'ich ma'lumotlardan foydalanuvchi bo'lsangiz, men ushbu rasmiy omborxonalarning dastlabki 3 qatoridan biroz vaqtgacha foydalanishni tavsiya etaman. bilimlarni o'zlashtirish. Ya'ni tegishli qatorlarni izohlang "Jessie-backports" y "Deb-multimedia.org", barqarorlik va xavfsizlik sababli.

#####################################################
# REPOSITORIOS OFICIALES DE LINUX DEBIAN 8 (JESSIE)
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org/ jessie/updates main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ jessie-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ jessie-backports main contrib non-free
deb http://www.deb-multimedia.org jessie main non-free
# aptitude install deb-multimedia-keyring
#
#####################################################

#####################################################
# REPOSITORIOS OFICIALES DE LINUX DEBIAN 9 (STRETCH)
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org/ stretch/updates main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://www.deb-multimedia.org stretch main non-free
# aptitude install deb-multimedia-keyring
#
#####################################################

#####################################################
# REPOSITORIOS OFICIALES PARA ICEWEASEL
deb http://mozilla.debian.net/ jessie-backports iceweasel-release
# aptitude install pkg-mozilla-archive-keyring
#
#####################################################

#####################################################
# REPOSITORIOS OFICIALES PARA GOOGLE CHROME - TALKPLUGIN - GOOGLE EARTH
deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main
deb http://dl.google.com/linux/talkplugin/deb/ stable main
# deb http://dl.google.com/linux/earth/deb/ stable main
# wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | apt-key add -
#
#####################################################

Izoh: Google Earth u faqat 32 Bit tarqatish uchun

#####################################################
# REPOSITORIOS OFICIALES PARA VIRTUALBOX
deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian jessie contrib
# wget -q https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -
# #####################################################

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2-QADAM: KONSOL / TERMINALDA VAKOLATNI TAShKIL QILING (vaqtincha)

Eslatma: Agar proksi-serveringiz bo'lmasa yoki u sizning kompaniyangizda yoki tashkilotingizda shaffof tarzda tuzilgan bo'lsa, ushbu qadamni o'tkazing. Yoki sizning omborlaringiz mahalliy (ichki) bo'lsa.

• Yugurish:

export http_proxy=http://ip_proxy:puerto_proxy

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3-QADAM: TIZIMNI XIZMAT QILISH VA YANGILASHNI QO'ShISh

QADAM 3.1 XIZMAT VA ASOSIY YANGILASH

• Yugurish:

apt-get update / apt update

Izoh 1: Agar bajarayotganda «apt-get yangilash / apt yangilash»Tizim sizga quyidagilarni aytadi:

E: / var / lib / dpkg / lock open (11: Resurs vaqtincha mavjud emas) qulflanmadi,

E: Administrator katalogini qulflab bo'lmadi (/ var / lib / dpkg /), ehtimol undan foydalanishda boshqa biron bir jarayon bormi?

V: tonoz faylini qulflab bo'lmadi. Bu odatda dpkg yoki boshqa mos vositasi paketlarni o'rnatayotganligini anglatadi. U faqat o'qish rejimida ochiladi, paketlar holatiga kiritilgan barcha o'zgarishlar LOST!

Yugurish:

rm -f /var/lib/apt/lists/lock

Terminalda har qanday faoliyatni amalga oshirish imkoniyatiga ega bo'lish. Agar xabar davom etsa, foydalanuvchi seansini qayta boshlash uchun foydalanuvchi sessiyasini yoping va Operatsion tizimni qayta yoqing.

Izoh 2: Xavfsizlik nuqtai nazaridan DEBIAN Multimedia Repositories juda ishonchli yoki ishonchli emasligini unutmang, shuningdek ularni DEBIAN 8 omborlari bilan aralashtirganda, ba'zi paketlarni yoki kutubxonalarni o'zlariga almashtirish uchun bir xil paketlarni olib tashlashni so'rashadi. Men shaxsan u bilan muammolarga duch kelmadim, ammo ogohlantirish juda ko'p emas!

Izoh 3: Agar sizning Distro (tarqatish) DEBIY yoki asoslangan DEBIY paketni olib kelmaydi «qobiliyat»Odatiy ravishda o'rnatildi, uni quyidagilar bilan o'rnatishga o'ting:

apt-get install aptitude

Qo'shilgan barcha qo'shimcha omborlarning kalitlarini o'rnatishda davom etdim:

aptitude install pkg-mozilla-archive-keyring

aptitude install deb-multimedia-keyring

wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | apt-key add -

Eslatma: Agar institutsional tarmoqdan (ichki) Internetga ulanish muammolari (proksi-server) sababli Google havzali kaliti o'rnatilmagan bo'lsa, ushbu omborning kalitlari o'rnatilishi uchun to'g'ridan-to'g'ri quyidagi buyruqni bajaring:

aptitude install google-chrome-stable google-talkplugin

va agar kerak bo'lsa, Google-ning tashqi omborlarini (nusxalari yoki yo'qligini) izohlang / o'chirib tashlang, shunda u omborlarning takrorlanishi to'g'risida xabar bermaydi:

rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google*

Keyin yana omborlardan to'plamlar ro'yxatini yangilashga o'ting:

aptitude update / apt-get update / apt update

Eslatma: Siz nimani yangilashini ko'rishingiz mumkin:

apt list --upgradable

Keyin mavjud bo'lgan yangi paketlarni xavfsiz yangilashni amalga oshiring:

aptitude upgrade / aptitude safe-upgrade / apt-get upgrade / apt upgrade 

Eslatma: Faqatgina siz ilg'or foydalanuvchi yoki tajribali texnik bo'lsangiz:

qobiliyatni to'liq yangilash / apt-get dist-upgrade / apt to'liq yangilash

Operatsion tizimdagi mavjud bo'lgan barcha muammolarni hal qilishni davom ettirdim:

aptitude install -f / apt-get install -f / apt install -f
dpkg --configure -a

3.1-QADAM XIZMAT KO'RSATISHNI QO'LLASH

• O'rnatish:

aptitude install localepurge

- Yugurish:

localepurge update-grub; update-grub2; aptitude clean; aptitude autoclean; aptitude remove; aptitude purge

3.2 QADAM  Oldindan texnik xizmat ko'rsatish va yangilashni amalga oshiring

• Yugurish:

aptitude install deborphan
aptitude remove --purge `deborphan --guess-all`
aptitude remove --purge `deborphan --libdev`
dpkg --purge $(deborphan --find-config)
aptitude install preload
aptitude install prelink
nano /etc/default/prelink
Sustituir PRELINKING=unknown por PRELINKING=yes
prelink -all

 

3.3 QADAM TIZIMNI YO'QING VA O'zgarishlarni tajriba qiling
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