Microsoft, Igalia kanye Bloomberg Bamemezela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule lokho bathathe isinyathelo sokufaka i-syntax ngencazelo yohlobo ecacile ekucacisweni I-JavaScript, efana ne-syntax esetshenziswa olimini lwe-TypeScript.
Okwamanje, izinguquko zesibonelo ezihlongozwayo ukuze zifakwe ezingeni le-ECMAScript zithunyelwe ukuze kuxoxiswane ngazo okokuqala (Isigaba 0).
Namuhla siyajabula ukumemezela ukusekela kwethu nokusebenzisana kwethu kusiphakamiso esisha seSigaba 0 sokuletha i-syntax yohlobo oluyinketho nolusulekayo ku-JavaScript. Ngenxa yokuthi le syntax entsha ngeke iguqule indlela ikhodi ezungezile esetshenziswa ngayo, izosebenza ngokuphumelelayo njengamazwana. Sicabanga ukuthi lokhu kunamandla okwenza i-TypeScript ibe lula futhi isheshe ukuyisebenzisela ukuthuthukiswa kuzo zonke izikali. Sithanda ukukhuluma ngokuthi kungani siphishekela lokhu nokuthi lesi siphakamiso sisebenza kanjani ezingeni eliphezulu.
Kuyashiwo ukuthi ku-tUkuba nolwazi lohlobo olucacile kuzovimbela amaphutha amaningi kunqubo yokuthuthukisa, izonikeza ithuba lokusebenzisa amasu okuthuthukisa engeziwe, ukwenza ukulungisa amaphutha kube lula, futhi kwenze ikhodi ifundeke kakhudlwana futhi kube lula kubathuthukisi bezinkampani zangaphandle ukuthi bayilungise futhi bayinakekele.
Ngaphandle kwalokho kuhlongozwa ukuthi kusetshenziswe uhlobo losekelo njengomsebenzi ozikhethela wona: Izinjini ze-JavaScript nezikhathi zokusebenza ezingakusekeli ukuhlolwa kohlobo zizoziba izichasiselo ngolwazi lohlobo futhi zicubungule ikhodi njengangaphambili, zibona idatha yohlobo njengamazwana. Kodwa amathuluzi okuhlola uhlobo azokwazi, ngokusekelwe kulwazi olutholakalayo, ukuthola amaphutha ahlobene nokusetshenziswa okungalungile kwezinhlobo.
Ingemuva
Ithrendi yakamuva ithimba lethu eliyibonile emhlabeni we-JavaScript iyisidingo sesikhathi sokuphindaphinda esisheshayo kanye nezinyathelo zokwakha ezincishisiwe. Ngamanye amazwi, “yenza isheshe futhi ibe lula”.Ngandlela thize, lokhu sekuvele kwenzeka. Ngenxa yempumelelo yeziphequluli ezihlala ziluhlaza, abathuthukisi bangakwazi ukugwema ukuhlanganisa izinguqulo ezintsha ze-JavaScript ukuze ziqalise ngezikhathi zokusebenza ezindala. Ngokwezinga elithile, okufanayo kuya ekuhlanganiseni: iziphequluli eziningi zinosekelo olwakhelwe ngaphakathi lokusebenzisa amamojula, ngakho ukuhlanganisa kungabonwa njengesinyathelo sokuthuthukisa kunesidingo. Lokhu kuye kwaba njalo, ngakho-ke i-TypeScript ibambelela kanjani?
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokungafani nolwazi lohlobo olushiwo ngezichasiselo ze-JSDoc ezicaciswe njengamazwana, ukucaciswa okuqondile kwezinhlobo ngqo ezakhiweni zencazelo eguquguqukayo kuzokwenza ikhodi ibonakale kakhudlwana, iqondakale futhi kube lula ukuyihlela.
Isibonelo, ama-IDE anikwe amandla i-TypeScript azokwazi ukugqamisa ngokushesha amaphutha kukhodi ebhaliwe ye-JavaScript ngaphandle koshintsho olwengeziwe. Ukwengeza, ukusekelwa kohlobo olwakhelwe ngaphakathi kuzokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ezibhalwe ngezilimi zesigodi ze-JavaScript ezibhaliwe njenge-TypeScript ne-Flow ngaphandle kokudlulisa usuka kolunye ulimi uye kolunye.
Ezinhlotsheni, kuhlongozwa ukuthi kwengezwe "iyunithi yezinhlamvu", "inombolo" kanye "ne-boolean", engasetshenziswa lapho kuchazwa okuguquguqukayo, imingcele yokusebenza, izakhi zento, izinkambu zekilasi, ama-array athayiphiwe ("inombolo[]"). Kuphinde kuphakanyiswe ukuhlinzeka ngosekelo lwezinhlobo ezixubile ("string | inombolo") kanye namajenerikhi.
Uma sibheka konke lokhu, sihlela ukwethula lesi siphakamiso seSigaba 1 emhlanganweni we-TC2022 olandelayo kaMashi 39. Sizokwenza lokho ngokwesekwa nokuqondisa kozakwethu abangompetha balesi siphakamiso, u-Rob Palmer e-Bloomberg kanye no-Romulo Cintra e-Igalia.
Ukufinyelela Isigaba 1 kuzosho ukuthi ikomidi lamazinga likholelwa ukuthi uhlobo lwe-syntax oluhambisanayo lwe-ECMAScript kufanele lucatshangelwe. Lokhu akuyona into eqinisekile: kunemibono eminingi ebalulekile ngaphakathi kwekomidi, futhi silindele inani elithile lokungabaza. Isiphakamiso esinjengalesi sizothola ukuphawulwa okuningi kanye nokucutshungulwa okufanele. Kungabandakanya izinguquko eziningi zokuklama endleleni futhi kungathatha iminyaka ukuthola imiphumela.
emhlanganweni olandelayo kaMarch wekomiti le-TC39, kuhlelwe ukuthi idlulele esigabeni sokuqala ukucutshungulwa kwesiphakamiso ngokubamba iqhaza komphakathi wochwepheshe be-ECMA.
Okokugcina Uma unesifiso sokwazi okwengeziwe ngakho, ungabheka imininingwane kufayela le- isixhumanisi esilandelayo.