Ukugcina amakheli e-IP bekungeyona inkinga ekuqaleni kwe-Intanethi. Ezinye izinkampani zabelwa / ama-8 (amakheli ayizigidi eziyi-16) noma / 16 (amakheli angama-65536) amabhulokhi ayevame ukudlula izidingo zawo zangempela.
Umbono wekilasi lekheli le-IP elisetshenziswa ngawo-1980 kuya kuma-90s okuqala kuholele ekusetshenzisweni ngokungafanele kwendawo etholakalayo, njengoba kwakuvamile ekilasini C (uhla lwamakheli angu-256) kunikezwa inethiwekhi yamakhompyutha ambalwa kuphela.
Ngokwanda kwamadivayisi eselula nokufika kwe-IoT, isidingo samakheli sikhuphukile.
Ngoba amakheli we-IPv4 ayintambo engama-32, inani lamakheli atholakalayo esikhaleni sekheli le-IPv4 cishe liyi-4 billion.
Mayelana ne-IPv4
Ngokuphelele, kunamanani ayingqayizivele angama-4,294,967,296, kubhekwe kulo mongo njengokulandelana kwe-256 "/ 8", ngayinye "/ 8" ehambelana namanani ekheli ayingqayizivele ayi-16,777,216.
Kusuka kulezi zinkomba kubekelwe ukusetshenziswa okuthile, kufaka phakathi amabhlogo ayi-16/8 agodliwe ukusetshenziswa ezimweni eziningi, Amabhulokhi angu-16/8 agodliwe ukusetshenziswa okungachaziwe kwesikhathi esizayo, a / 8 (0.0.0.0/8) okokuhlonza kwendawo, a / 8 we-loopback (127.0.0.0/8) kanye / 8 wokusetshenziswa kwangasese (10.0.0.0/8 ) Amabhulokhi amakheli amancane nawo agcinelwe okunye ukusetshenziswa okukhethekile.
NgoFebhuwari 2011, i-Intanethi Yabelwe Izinombolo Zokulawulwa (IANA), eyengamele ukwabiwa komhlaba wonke kwamakheli e-IP, ikhombise ukuthi iqede amabhlokhi / ama-8 wamakheli we-IPv4 weRegional Internet Registries (RIR).
Ngemuva kwalokho ama-RIR aqede amasheya awo ngokulandelana. Yi-Information Center ye-APNIC Asia-Pacific Network esebenza nezwekazi lase-Asia ethi, ngalo nyaka ofanayo, ukuba ngaphandle kwekheli le-IPV4.
Kwase kuyisikhathi sokuthi i-Europe (RIPE) ngo-2012 iphele ngamabhulokhi.
Futhi bathengisa ngale ndlela
Kusuka lapho, i-RIR yaseYurophu ibilokhu ibala ibhlokhi yayo yokugcina yamakheli e-IP / 8, yenza ingqikithi yamakheli ayizigidi eziyi-16.
Ukwenza lokhu, ama-LIR (Local Internet Registrar) angaba nokukhipha okukodwa kokugcina / 22 kwebhulokhi kubhulokhi yokugcina / 8. ILatin America neCaribbean (LACNIC) ifinyelele imikhawulo yayo ngoJuni 2014.
Futhi ngoFebhuwari 2017, iLACNIC yathuthela "esigabeni 3", lapho izinkampani kuphela ezazingenaso isikhala. I-IPv4 ivunyelwe ukuthola elinye lamakheli asele, azotholakala kuphela kubhlokhi / 22.
Ekugcineni, iRegistry Registry Yezinombolo ze-Intanethi yahlangabezana namakheli okugcina e-IPv4 ngoSepthemba 2015.
I-AFRINIC ilinganisela ukwehla kwamabhulokhi ayo e-IPV4 kusukela ngoSepthemba 2019.
Noma amanye amakheli engazange asetshenziswe ezinye izinhlangano noma izinkampani futhi kamuva abuyiselwa e-IANA, iqiniso ukuthi kufanele kutholakale enye indlela yokuxazulula inkinga yokukhathala.
Umbiko izolo ngesimo sechibi lekheli le-IPv4 ukukhombisa ngokusobala lokhu.
Ngemuva kwengxenye yokuqala yalo nyaka, indawo yokugcina ohlwini, okuyi-Afrika, ngeke isaba namabhulokhi e-IPv4.
Isikhala sekheli le-IPv6 simele ikusasa le-Intanethi
I-Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) iyi-Layer 3 OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) engenantambo yenethiwekhi.
I-IPv6 ingumvuthwandaba womsebenzi owenziwe ngaphakathi kwe-IETF ngawo-1990 ukuphumelela i-IPv4 futhi imininingwane yayo yaphothulwa ku-RFC 2460 ngoDisemba 1998.
I-IPv6 ibekwe emugqeni ku-RFC 8200 ngoJulayi 2017. Ngama-128-bit esikhundleni samakheli angama-32-bit, i-IPv6 inesikhala sekheli esikhulu kakhulu kune-IPv4.
Leli nani elikhulu lamakheli Ivumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu ekunikezelweni kwamakheli nasekuhlanganisweni okungcono kwemizila kuthebula lomzila we-Intanethi. Nge-IPv6, kuzotholakala izigidigidi zamakheli we-IP.
Abanye abasebenzisi bakholelwa ukuthi i-IPv6 inokuningi kakhulu engakunikeza kunevolumu yamakheli.
Bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuzohlinzeka izinkampani ngembudumbudu enkulu lapho kukhonjwa ithrafikhi yewebhusayithi evela ezinkampanini ezahlukahlukene, emahhovisi, noma kumadivayisi.
Abahlaziyi bezokumaketha bazokwazi ukwazi amakhasimende abo kangcono, basakaze okwenziwa kumawebhusayithi okwenziwe ngezifiso, futhi baholele ukuguqulwa okuphezulu kwewebhusayithi. Kubo, lapho sicabanga ngakho, i-IPv6 mhlawumbe iyithuluzi lokumaketha elilindelwe izinkampani.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, izindawo eziningi eseziqedile ukusebenzisa amachibi wamakheli we-IPv4 kanye nezinkampani ezinkulu ezithile seziqalile ukushintshela ku-IPv6.