UBill Gates noMicrosoft ... izinganekwane, izinganekwane nokuningi

Okuthunyelwe ngu U-Elav ilethwe etafuleni ukuze kuxoxwe ngalokho iLinux okudingeka ibe kwideskithophu. Ngalesi sihloko sikaJavier Smaldone sizozama ukubona enye yezinkampani ezake zaba namandla nesizathu sempumelelo yayo nokwehluleka okungenzeka.

Isifinyezo:

Isisho esidumile esingaziwa esizungeza kwi-Intanethi siqala ngokuthi: «IMicrosoft ayiyona impendulo. IMicrosoft ngumbuzo ...«. Lo mbhalo ukhombisa ezinye zezici ezingadalulwa njalo kabanzi ngeBill Gates, iMicrosoft, imikhiqizo yayo, izinqubomgomo kanye nokwenza kwayo; befuna impendulo yombuzo obuziwe.

Isisusa salesi sihloko:

Ziningi izindaba ezitshelwe ezungeze uBill Gates neMicrosoft. Eziningi zazo, lezo ezaziwa ngabantu abavamile nalabo abasabalalisa imithombo yezindaba, uGates ubonakala njengongqondongqondo wekhompyutha kanye nenkampani yakhe, iMicrosoft, enesibopho sokuthuthukisa ikhompyutha yomuntu siqu (ngisho ne-Intanethi) emashumini eminyaka amuva nje. Kuncane okwaziwayo, ezingeni elidumile, ngemvelaphi yangempela yalo mbuso nangomphumela amasu enziwe yiMicrosoft abe nawo kubuchwepheshe bezimboni kanye nolwazi.

Ku-Intanethi kujwayelekile ukuthola amasayithi aphikisana neMicrosoft noBill Gates. Iningi ligxila ekugxekeni kwabo ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe: ukukhomba ikhwalithi ephansi yemikhiqizo yabo, ukuveza amaphutha abo amakhulu nokushiyeka okuphawulekayo, ngokuqhathanisa iWindows nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezizinzile, ezisebenza kahle neziphephile. Abanye baxwayisa ngobungozi obudalwa yisikhundla seMicrosoft sokuzimela wedwa, nezinqubomgomo ezisetshenziswe yile nkampani ukunweba ukulawula kwayo kwezinye izindawo, ngaphandle kwekhompyutha yomuntu siqu.

Lo mbhalo omfushane unezinhloso eziningana:

1. Khombisa ezinye izindaba eziyingxenye yenganekwane, njengemvelaphi kaBill Gates nezinto okusolwa ukuthi zenziwe nguye.
2. Chaza, kafushane kakhulu, izizathu eziholele iMicrosoft endaweni yayo yokuphatha ezimakethe zekhompyutha zomuntu siqu.
3. Khombisa ubungozi nezingozi ezihilelekile ekuhambeni okwenziwe yi-Microsoft.

Izinganekwane namaqiniso ngoBill Gates

Umfana wekhompyutha:

Igama lakhe langempela nguWilliam Henry Gates III futhi, njengoba kubonakala ekhombisa, uvela emndenini ocebile waseSeattle. Indaba ebilokhu ixoxwa ngokuqala kwakhe, edlala ngekhompyutha yakhe encane, ayiyona neze iqiniso. UGates wayefundiswe kwesinye sezikole ezibiza kakhulu (izifundo zazicishe ziphindwe kathathu kunalezo zeHarvard University) futhi, lapho ehlangene neqembu lozakwabo efuna ukuqala ukudlala amakhompyutha, omama bakhe babaqashela iPDP-10 (ikhompyutha efanayo esetshenziswa abacwaningi baseStanford neMIT).

Umboni osemusha owashintsha ikhompyutha

Enye insumansumane ejwayelekile ukuthi uGates wadala ulimi oluyisisekelo. Angeke kube kude neqiniso. I-Basic yadalwa nguJohn Kemeny noThomas Kurtz ngo-1964. Lokho okwenziwe nguGates noPaul Allen kwakungukuhumusha inguqulo yomhumushi wolimi lwekhompyutha i-Altair (impumelelo edlulwa kakhulu yinoma yimuphi umfundi esifundweni sokuhlanganisa amakolishi). Lo mtolika ukuphela kwekhodi eyaziwayo ebhalwe, uhhafu, nguBill Gates. Kamuva sizobona ukuthi ezinye izinto eziningi ezisungulwe kuye kwakungeyona nomsebenzi wakhe.

Izinganekwane namaqiniso ngeMicrosoft

Ukuqala:

IMicrosoft yasungulwa nguBill Gates noPaul Allen. Ekuqaleni ngamunye wabo wayephethe i-50% yenkampani, yize kamuva uGates kancane kancane wayilawula.

Impumelelo yokuqala enkulu yeMicrosoft, enquma impumelelo yayo yesikhathi esizayo, kube ukuthengiswa kwe-MS-DOS enkampanini ye-IBM. I-DOS nayo ayiklanyelwanga noma yathuthukiswa yiMicrosoft, kodwa yathengwa enkampanini encane ebizwa ngeSeattle Computer. Umbhali wayo wokuqala wayiqamba ngokuthi yi-QDOS, esifushane ngokuthi "uHlelo Lokusebenza Ngokushesha Nokungcolile" (isistimu yokusebenza esheshayo nengcolile). Kuyaziwa yibo bonke ukuthi ikhwalithi yokwakhiwa nokuqaliswa kwe-MS-DOS ezinhlotsheni zayo zakuqala ibiyimbi kakhulu. Isinqumo se-IBM sokuyifaka njengohlelo lokusebenza lwama-PC ayo sashukunyiswa ngumbuzo wokuncintisana nenkampani yeDijithali, engahlinzeka ngomkhiqizo ophakeme kakhulu, futhi ngoba i-IBM yayinganaki ukubaluleka okubaluleke kakhulu kulayini wamakhompyutha abo. Okwagqama kakhulu ukuthi i-IBM ayizange ithenge i-MS-DOS kodwa yanquma ukukhokhela iMicrosoft imali ekhokhwayo ngekhophi ngalinye elathengiswa kanye ne-IBM-PC. Okungajwayelekile ukushiwo ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi umama kaGates, uMary Maxwell, ubengumqondisi wenkampani i-United Way ebambisene nesikhulu sakwa-IBM uJohn Opel.

Windows

Kumele siqale ngokucacisa, kulabo abakholwe izindaba ezingenangqondo ezikhulunywa kweminye imithombo yezindaba, ukuthi iMicrosoft ayizange isungule izindawo ezinemifanekiso, noma amawindi, noma igundane. Konke lokhu kwenziwa yinkampani yakwaXerox ngo-1973 yabe isikopishwa yi-Apple ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-70s nakuMicrosoft kuma-80s.

IWindows yamenyezelwa ngoNovemba 10, 1983. Uhlobo lokuqala (1.0) lwavela ngoNovemba 20, 1985, ngenkathi uhlobo lokuqala olusebenzayo (3.0) lwakhishwa ngoMeyi 22, 1990. Isampula yonke ye- "Efficiency" yenkampani . Khumbula ukuthi sikhuluma ngomkhiqizo onikeze ukusebenza okulingana nalokho okwakufakwa yi-Apple Macintosh ngo-1984 (ukuzinza nokuqina kwayo kwakuphakeme kakhulu). Okuwukuphela "kobuhle" beWindows ukuthi isebenze ngaphezulu kwe-MS-DOS kuma-computer ahambisanayo we-IBM-PC.

IMicrosoft kanye neInternet

Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi iMicrosoft yasungula iwebhu noma, okubi nakakhulu, ukuthi i-Intanethi ingumbono omuhle ovela kuBill Gates.

I-Intanethi, ngaleyo ndlela, ibuyela emuva cishe ku-1986 (yize yaqala ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-60). IWorld Wide Web (kanye neziphequluli zokuqala) yavela ngo-1991. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iMicrosoft yathenga isiphequluli esibizwa ngokuthi yiMosaic enkampanini yakwaSpyglass, ukuze kamuva siyiguqulele kwi-Internet Explorer esaziwa manje. Uhlobo lokuqala lwe-Internet Explorer luvele ngo-Agasti 1995.

Iqiniso ukuthi amaGates "abonayo" akazange abone eza kwi-Intanethi. Belatedly, kanye nokuvela kweWindows 95, wazama ukusetha inethiwekhi efanayo (futhi ezimele) ebizwa nge- "The Microsoft Network" (abaningi bazokhumbula isithonjana esincane esingenamsebenzi kwideskithophu) esihluleke kabuhlungu. Ukulandela lokhu kwehluleka, iMicrosoft ithenge izinkampani eziningana ezihlobene ne-Intanethi, kufaka phakathi omunye wabahlinzeki be-webmail abakhulu kakhulu: i-HotMail. Ngale kwalokhu nezinye izinsiza, wagcina esethe iwebhusayithi yakhe ebizwa nge… Microsoft Network! (okwamanje yaziwa kangcono njenge-MSN).

Amaphrothokholi, amazinga kanye nemikhuba ye-Intanethi ibhalwe yilokho okubizwa nge-RFCs (Isicelo Samazwana). Kuze kube manje (Januwari 2003) kukhona ama-RFC angama-3454. Ziyi-8 kuphela zazo esezilungiswe ngabasebenzi beMicrosoft (amadethi amadala kakhulu kusuka ngoMashi 1997 no-7 abhekisele kuphela kwimikhiqizo yale nkampani), emele u-0,23% wengqikithi. Ngokuya ngalokhu singasho ukuthi sikweleta iMicrosoft 0,23% yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kwi-Intanethi.

IMicrosoft kanye nokuthuthuka kwekhompyutha

IMicrosoft Microsoft eningi ngokusondeza ikhompyutha kubasebenzisi abajwayelekile, ngokukhiqiza inqubekela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe eyenza ukufinyelela kumakhompyutha akho uqobo. Iqiniso likhombisa okuphambene nalokho: akuyona nje into efanelekile yeMicrosoft kepha le nkampani ibangele, ezintweni eziningi, ukubuyela emuva kwezobuchwepheshe okukhulu.

Ngawo-80, okuwukuphela komkhiqizo weMicrosoft owagqama kwakuyi-MS-DOS (ebizwa nge-PC-DOS enguqulweni esatshalaliswe yi-IBM). Impumelelo ye-MS-DOS ayizange ibe seziciweni zayo zobuchwepheshe kepha ukuthi ekuqaleni yayihambisana ne-IBM-PC, okwakhiwa kwayo ngehardware kwakukopishwa abanye abakhiqizi abaningi, okwaholela ekwandeni kwemishini "ehambisanayo". Kulaba bakhiqizi bezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, bekulula kakhulu ukusabalalisa imishini yabo ihambisana ne-MS-DOS kunokukhiqiza umkhiqizo omusha ofanayo (oqinisekise ukuhambisana nakwizinga lesoftware). Ngasikhathi sinye, kwavela ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu nokuklanywa, kepha zixhunyaniswe nezakhiwo zehardware ezingaphumelelanga (isibonelo i-Apple Macintosh esivele ishiwo).

Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80s, kwavela i-DR-DOS, evela enkampanini yeDigital Research, enezimpawu zobuchwepheshe ezaziphakeme kakhulu kune-MS-DOS (yize, ngeshwa, kwakudingeka ilandele umklamo ofanayo ngezizathu zokuhambisana). I-DR-DOS version 6 yayinevolumu enkulu yokuthengisa kuze kube yilapho iMicrosoft ikhipha inguqulo 3.1 yohlelo lwayo lweWindows. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi noma ezinye izinhlelo ze-DOS zisebenze kahle, iWindows 3.1 yaphahlazeka lapho isebenza ku-DR-DOS. Lokhu kwafaka icala.

Iminyaka eyishumi yama-90s iqale ngokubusa okuphelele kweMicrosoft endaweni yezinhlelo zokusebenza zamakhompiyutha, nge-MS-DOS neWindows 3.1. Ezinye izindlela zaqala ukuvela ngalesi sikhathi: izinhlobo ze-Unix zezinhlelo ezingama-386 (enye yazo okwakuyi-Microsoft) ne-OS / 2 evela enkampanini ye-IBM. Okubi kakhulu le mikhiqizo okwakumele ingene emakethe kwakuwukungahambelani nesoftware ekhona (ukwakheka kwalezi zinhlelo kwakuhluke kakhulu kunalokho kwe-MS-DOS / Windows) kanye nokulawulwa kwemakethe okusetshenziswa yiMicrosoft. Iqiniso elivelele ukuthi, ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwezinhlelo ze-Unix, iMicrosoft yanquma ukuyeka ukukhiqizwa komkhiqizo wayo ohambisana nalolu hlelo lokusebenza (olubizwa ngeXenix).

Mayelana nalolu daba, ngemuva komkhiqizo ngamunye we-Microsoft ophumelelayo kunezindaba ezimbalwa ezimnyama lapho amagama athi "isilingo", "ukweba", "ubuhloli", "ikhophi" avela kaningi. Kunemikhiqizo engenakubalwa emisha nemisha yezobuchwepheshe evele eminyakeni edlule yacekelwa phansi ngandlela thile yiMicrosoft (indlela esetshenziswa kabanzi yalokhu bekuwukuthenga bese kuyekwa).
Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi iMicrosoft ihlose ukwethula kanjani umkhiqizo ngamunye omusha njengokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe. Yenza, ngokwesibonelo, ngama-DLL ayo amenyezelwe (imitapo yolwazi enamandla) kuWindows (lapho bevele ikhona ku-Unix isikhathi eside), ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi kuqala ku-Windows 95 (esivele ikhona ezinhlelweni ezisetshenziswe kuma-60s) futhi muva nje nge amathuba okuphatha imikhawulo yesikhala ngomsebenzisi ngamunye ku-Windows 2000 (into izinhlelo eziningi ezisebenzisayo ezivumile ukuyenza amashumi eminyaka ambalwa) nokusekelwa kokushicilelwa ku-NTFS (isici esivumela ukugcina ubuqotho bohlelo lwefayela uma kwenzeka ukuphahlazeka , futhi ibilokhu ikhona ezinhlelweni eziningi ezisebenza isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi).

Ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ye-Microsoft

Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kujwayelekile ukuthi ikhompyutha ilenge ngezikhathi ezithile. Kuvele kubonakale kuyinto ejwayelekile ukuthi igciwane lekhompiyutha lonakalise konke okuqukethwe kwi-hard drive nokuthi leli gciwane lingafika nganoma iyiphi indlela nangokungaqapheli okuncane. Bakholise abaningi ukuthi okuwukuphela kwendlela yokugwema lokhu nge-antivirus evuselelwa njalo (nokuthi iMicrosoft ayinikezi), futhi uma i-antivirus yehluleka ... okuwukuphela komenzi wenhlekelele umbhali omubi wegciwane (imvamisa osemusha onamakhono amancane ekhompyutha). Kuvamile ukucabanga ngokubuyekeza isoftware (njengokungathi inedethi yokuphelelwa isikhathi), futhi kuyaqabukela ubone noma yikuphi ukuthuthuka kwangempela ngemuva kokuvuselelwa. Kubukeka kuyinto ejwayelekile ukuthi uhlelo lweqe u-100 Mb ngosayizi futhi ludinge i-processor yakamuva nenani elikhulu lememori.

Le mibono, iningi labantu abasebenzisa ama-Windows computer abahlala nayo nsuku zonke, ibingumphumela we "evolution of technology" computing kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Lokhu yilokho iMicrosoft ekuthengise kangcono kakhulu kunemikhiqizo yayo, kuze kufike ezingeni lapho ochwepheshe abaningi bebeyithatha njengemali ejwayelekile.

Izixazululo zezimbungulu ezinkulu ezinhlelweni "zithengiswe" yiMicrosoft njengezimpumelelo kuwo wonke umlando wayo. Lapho inguqulo entsha ye-Windows iphahlazeka kanye ngesonto esikhundleni sokuphinda kabili, umyalezo uthi "manje usuzinzile ngokwengeziwe." I-anecdote ethakazelisa kakhulu yilokho okwenzeka ezinguqulweni zokuqala ze-Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Kwenzeka lokho ukuthi lolu hlelo alukwazanga ukufunda amafayela akhiqizwe izinguqulo ngezinye izilimi kusukela lapho, lapho kugcinwa ispredishithi njengefayela, ligcina amagama emisebenzi esetshenzisiwe (umsebenzi owengezwe enguqulweni yaseSpain bekungu- «sum» , ngenkathi okukuthi inguqulo yesiNgisi kwakungu "sum"). Ngasikhathi sinye, ezinye izinhlelo ezifanayo ezifana neQuattro Pro zazingenayo le nkinga: esikhundleni segama lomsebenzi, bagcina ikhodi yezinombolo kamuva eyahunyushelwa egameni elihambisanayo ngolimi. Lokhu kuyinto efundiswa kunoma iyiphi inkambo yokuqala yohlelo, kepha abahleli bohlelo lweMicrosoft bebengazi ukuthi bangawusebenzisa kanjani lowo mbono oyisisekelo. Lapho kukhishwa inguqulo entsha ye-Excel, lapho iphutha elilungisiwe lalungiswa khona, ukukhangisa kwaqokomisa njengokuthuthuka okukhulu: manje bekungenzeka ukuvula imibhalo eyenziwe ngezinguqulo ngezilimi ezahlukahlukene. Vele, labo basebenzisi ababefuna ukufinyelela enguqulweni entsha ukunqoba umkhawulo ongenangqondo owedlule, kwakudingeka bakhokhele ilayisense futhi (mhlawumbe ngesaphulelo sokuthuthukisa "esinenzuzo").

Izenzo ezithandabuzekayo zeMicrosoft

Ukuncintisana okungafanele

Kunamacala amaningana abhaliwe (futhi amanye afinyelele enkantolo) lapho iMicrosoft isolwa ngokuguqula ikhodi yezinhlelo zayo zokusebenza ukwenza izinhlelo ezincintisanayo zihambe kancane noma ngamaphutha. IMicrosoft yethulwe enkantolo amahlandla amaningi (futhi kwesinye isikhathi inezinqumo eziphikisana nayo) yokwephula impahla yengqondo.

Kungumkhuba ojwayelekile futhi ukuthi iMicrosoft, isebenzisa isimo sayo esihle kakhulu sezomnotho, ithenga kulezo zinkampani ezincane ezimi endleleni yazo ngokwenza imikhiqizo engancintisana neyayo.

Ukwephula imithetho

Isu elisetshenziswa kabanzi yiMicrosoft ukufeza ukubusa emakethe laziwa ngokuthi "Yamukela futhi Nweba". Kuqukethe ukwelula izivumelwano ezithile noma izinkambiso ezingaphezu kwamazinga ngendlela engacabangi futhi engahlangani, ukuze kuthi kamuva kuphela imikhiqizo eyisebenzisa ngendlela efanayo isebenzisane kahle. Kunezibonelo eziningi zalolu hlobo lokuzijwayeza (ukuqaliswa kwe-SMTP ku-Microsoft Exchange, ukuguqulelwa ku-HTTP ku-Internet Information Server, phakathi kwabanye), kepha mhlawumbe okuphawuleka kakhulu yilokho okwaholela enkantolo eyaqalwa yiSun Microsystems IMicrosoft yokwengeza imininingwane yolimi lwakho lweJava ngokwephula imigomo yelayisense yakho, evumela noma ngubani ukuthi asebenzise i-Java compiler, kepha ngaphandle kokuyeka lokho okushiwo. Inhloso elandelwa yiMicrosoft ukuthi izinhlelo zeJava ezikhiqizwe ngendawo yayo yokuthuthuka ye-J ++ zingenziwa kuphela kwiWindows, ngoba iJava yakhelwe njengolimi oluvumela ukwenziwa kwezicelo eziphathekayo phakathi kwamapulatifomu ahlukile (okuthile okusobala ukuthi ivumelane nayo). Lapho lo mzamo wehluleka, iMicrosoft yathatha isinqumo sokungafaki ukwesekwa kweJava ohlelweni lwayo olusha lokusebenza: Windows XP, Vista, 7 no 8.

Amafomethi avaliwe futhi aguqukayo

Amafomethi okugcinwa kuwo imininingwane abe asetshenziswa yi-Microsoft ngokomlando ngezinhloso ezimbili:

1. Vimbela ukusebenzisana nezinhlelo "ezingezona ezeMicrosoft".
2. Phoqelela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathuthukele kuzinguqulo ezintsha.

Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba lezi zakhiwo "zivaliwe" futhi azibhalwanga esidlangalaleni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi yiMicrosoft kuphela eyaziyo ngabo futhi ukuphela kwayo engenza uhlelo olugcina noma lufinyelele kulwazi ngamafomethi anjalo. Ukulawula ngokuphelele ifomethi kuvumela iMicrosoft ukuyiguqula ngokuthanda. Kujwayelekile kakhulu kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezinjengeMicrosoft Word ukusebenzisa izindlela ezintsha zokufaka imininingwane kumafayela e-.DOC (njalo enesithembiso sezinto ezintsha, kepha ngokungekho ngobuchwepheshe), okunomphumela oqondile wokuthi amafayela akhiqizwe yinguqulo entsha awakwazi ivulwe ngezinguqulo zangaphambilini (yize kunikezwe indlela yokugcina idatha ngendlela ehambisanayo, kudinga izinyathelo ezithile ezingeziwe). Lokhu kusho ukuthi kancane kancane, uma unikezwa ukusakazwa kwamafomethi ngefomethi entsha, abasebenzisi kufanele bafuduke (ngezindleko ezilandelwayo) noma ngabe bengazidingi "izici ezintsha" (ngabe ukhona osebenzisa iZwi works from Office 2010 ezazingekho eZwini ? ye-Office 95?). Lokho okufinyelelwa yiMicrosoft ngalokhu ukukhawulela ukukhetha kwabasebenzisi ababhajwe kulo mbuthano weqiniso ononya.

Abakhiqizi beMicrosoft kanye nehardware

Ngenxa yesikhundla sayo sodwa, iMicrosoft ingakwazi ukufaka ingcindezi enkulu kubakhiqizi bezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ze-PC. Le ngcindezi ihumusha, ngokwesibonelo, ekwenqabeleni ukuthengiswa kwemishini nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakiwe, ngaphansi kwesijeziso sokunganikeli izaphulelo ekuthengisweni kwamalayisense weWindows noma weHhovisi kulowo othengisayo. Akekho umenzi wamakhompiyutha angaqikelela ukumelana neMicrosoft futhi alahlekelwe yikhono lokunikeza amakhompyutha awo nge-Windows efakwe kuqala (futhi ngentengo ephansi kunentengo yokuthengisa). Lokhu kuholele ekutheni okwamanje kunzima kakhulu ukuthola ikhompyutha yomkhiqizo eyaziwayo ngaphandle kwezindleko zokuthola okungenani ilayisense elilodwa lwenguqulo ethile ye-Windows efakiwe entengo (noma ngabe umuntu akafuni ukusebenzisa lo mkhiqizo) .

Ngendlela efanayo, kufinyelele eqophelweni eliphezulu ukuthi labo ababhekele ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zobuchwepheshe bamakhompyutha afakwe iWindows ngumkhiqizi uqobo. Lokhu kuyahlekisa ngoba umkhiqizi uthe akanazo izindlela (imibhalo yangaphakathi, ikhodi yomthombo, njll.) Ukuze akwazi ukuxazulula inkinga noma ukulungisa amaphutha kuhlelo. Nakulokhu, abenzi kumele bavumelane nale migomo ukuze baqhubeke nokuthola "impatho ekhethwayo" kwaMicrosoft.

Ngokufika kwe-Windows 7, izinga lokuncika elikhulu selifinyelelwe: ngenxa "yemisebenzi yokuphepha" entsha ye-Windows 7 (engavimbelanga igciwane elilodwa ukuthi lisebenze ngaphansi kwale nguqulo entsha) abashayeli noma abalawuli bamadivayisi kumele "uqinisekiswe" yiMicrosoft ukuze ukwazi ukufakwa ohlelweni. Lokhu futhi kuphoqa abakhiqizi bezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha ukuthi bagcine "ubudlelwano obuhle" nenkampani, bengeza enye indlela yokucindezela.

IMicrosoft, amanga ne ... "umusi"

Igama elithi "vaporware" livame ukusetshenziselwa ukubhekisa kumkhiqizo okhangiswa yinkampani, uma ungekho ngempela (noma ungeke utholakale ngesikhathi esibekiwe esithenjisiwe). Inhloso yaleli su, evame ukusetshenziswa yizinkampani ezizithola zisesimweni sokubusa emakethe, ukudikibala umncintiswano wabo nokwenza inhlanganisela yokukhathazeka, ukulindela nethemba kubasebenzisi bayo.

IMicrosoft isebenzise le nsiza kaningi. Sesivele sikhulume ngeminyaka eyisikhombisa eyithathile kusukela esimemezelweni esisemthethweni seWindows kuya kunguqulo yayo yokuqala esetshenziswayo. Icala elifanayo lenzeke ngeWindows 95 (emenyezelwe njengeWindows 4 ngoJulayi 1992 futhi yakhishwa ngo-Agasti 1995) kanye neWindows 2000 (okwakhishwa inguqulo yayo yokuqala ye-beta ngoSepthemba 1997, ngaphansi kwegama elithi Windows NT 5, nokwagcina kuvele ngoFebhuwari. 2000). Kuwo wonke lawa macala, kwenziwa izethembiso zokusebenza okucatshangelwayo nezentuthuko ezingagcwalisekanga ekugcineni. Kwezinye izimo, imikhiqizo engaphelele ikhishwe, njengoba kwenzeka ngeWindows NT 4, eyasetshenziswa ngempela ngemuva kwalokho okubizwa nge- "Service Pack 3", ekhishwe ngemuva konyaka iqale ukudayiswa.

UBill Gates, owenzelwa ububele

Imithombo yezindaba ivame ukukhombisa uBill Gates enza iminikelo yesoftware futhi ethula izinkulumo eziqhamukayo ngemizamo yeMicrosoft yokuvimba ukubuyela emuva kwezobuchwepheshe kwamazwe angathuthukile. Le minikelo, amanani ayo alinganiswa ngezigidi eziningana zamaRandi, akuyona eyangempela. Inani elicatshangelwayo libalwa kucatshangelwa izindleko zamalayisense emakethe, kodwa iqiniso ukuthi iMicrosoft inezindleko ezicishe zibe ngu-zero (nje leyo yokuphinda ama-CD-ROM). Ngale ndlela, inkampani iqinisekisa ukukhula kwayo, ifaka inani elihle labasebenzisi bemikhiqizo yayo ngezindleko eziphansi kakhulu kunomkhankaso wokukhangisa obekungasho, ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni futhi ekugcineni ... ukuthola ukwaziswa okuhle kakhulu!

Kwezinye izimo, le "minikelo" inenye incazelo. Muva nje amaGates, ngokusebenzisa iBill & Melinda Gates Foundation, enze uchungechunge lweminikelo eNdiya yokulwisana nengculazi. Lokhu kwenzeka ngasikhathi sinye nochungechunge lwezingxoxo nezifundo ezenziwa nguhulumeni waseNdiya, ngenhloso yokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kweFree Software kulelo zwe.

Akumelwe sihluleke ukubheka ukuthi lo mcabango wokupha abantu (kusukela ngoJanuwari 2003) unemali eyizigidi ezingama-61.000 zamaRandi, okulingana namaRandi ayi-9,33 kumuntu ngamunye ohlala kulomhlaba.

Ikusasa

Ikusasa libukeka likhuthaza futhi liyesabisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuqhubeka njalo kweFree Software kubonakala ngathi kubeke ibhuleki ekwandeni okunamandla kweMicrosoft. Ekugcineni, ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi yokubusa ngokuphelele, umphikisi ubonakala sengathi iMicrosoft ibukeka isaba. Kuze kube manje, imizamo yabo yokumisa ukukhula kweFree Software ibingasizi ngalutho, iveze ukuphikisana kwayo izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa futhi iveze ukulinganiselwa kwayo ukuncintisana nemodeli engahambisani nezinhlelo zayo (ifa layo elikhulu alisizi kangako ukuncintisana ne ukunyakaza okususelwa ekuthuthukisweni komphakathi, okwabelwe ngokuphelele kanye nangaphandle komkhakha wayo wamandla).

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinsongo ziyavela emkhathizwe njengomzamo wokwakha ipulatifomu yekhompyutha ebizwa nge-TCPA (Trusted Computing Platform Alliance), ephakamisa imodeli lapho amakhompiyutha aphethwe yizinkampani futhi engasasetshenziswa ngabasebenzisi, akwazi ukwenza lokhu nokuqapha ukutholakala kolwazi. Lolu hlobo lwezinhlelo lusibeka kude ngesimo esibi esabekwa uRichard Stallman endabeni yakhe emfushane ethi "The Right to Read."

Ngenhlanhla, inani elikhulu labantu emhlabeni jikelele, eliqoqwe ezinhlanganweni zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ezilwela ukunqanda ukuqhubekela phambili kwalezi zinhlobo zezingozi futhi ezibheja ngokuvela kanye nokufakwa kwezinye izindlela kokukhanya okuhlukile, kwenza ikusasa libonakale njengethuba shintsha lokho njengokuhlanganiswa kwezikhundla izinkampani ezinjengeMicrosoft ezizakhele kule minyaka edlule.

Iziphetho

Umbono wami, ngokubheka amaphuzu avezwe kulo mbhalo (nokunye okuningi engingakufakwanga ngoba kungaphezu kwamandla ami) ukuthi iMicrosoft imele usongo olukhulu ekuthuthukiseni ikhompyutha futhi, okubi nakakhulu, ekuthuthukisweni kwamahhala emhlabeni wesikhathi esizayo, ngokuya ngokuxhunyaniswa nobuchwepheshe bolwazi. Kumele sazi ukuthi akuyona inkinga yezobuchwepheshe kuphela, kepha ukuthi kuningi okusengcupheni.

Isihluthulelo sokusungulwa kobukhosi uBill Gates asebekuzuzile eminyakeni engamashumi amabili nanhlanu edlule ulwazi olungelona iqiniso (futhi ezimweni eziningi ukungabi nentshisekelo) olukhona, olwamvumela, ngemikhankaso esebenza kahle kakhulu yezentengiso, ukufeza lokho yaBantu kanye nochwepheshe abaningi emkhakheni wokuziphatha banesithombe esonakele ngokuphelele sezinhloso zale nkampani kanye negalelo layo langempela kubuchwepheshe bolwazi.

Labo abakhiqiza intuthuko yangempela yilabo abasebenzela ukuvela kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, hhayi labo abazama nganoma iyiphi indlela ukuphoqelela imikhiqizo yabo, ukucekela phambili intuthuko, ukonakalisa amazinga, ukweba imibono, ukubhubhisa abangahle bancintisane nabo. Kukho konke lokhu, sengivele ngiyitholile impendulo yombuzo.

IMicrosoft? Cha ngiyabonga.